A P L 
ly help their producing good feeds. In Auguft thefe 
feeds will be ripe, at which time the plants fliould be cut 
up, in a dry time, and fpread upon cloths in the lun to 
dry; then beat out the feeds, and prcferve them dry in 
bags for ufe. 
A'pium Macedo'nicum. See Bubon. 
A'pium petrvE'um and mon'tanum. See Atha- 
MANTA. 
A'pium pyrena'icum. See Crithmum. 
APLA'NES, [awAamj, Gr. not wandering.] The fixed 
ftars, fo called in oppofition to the planets; alio the fpheres 
themfelves in which they are placed. 
APLU'DA,yi [The name of the chaff, &c. that flies 
off from grain.] In botany, a genus of the polygamia 
monoecia clafs, of the natural order of gramina or grades. 
The generic characters are—I. Calyx: involucre com¬ 
mon univalve; valve ovate, concave, terminated by a 
very fhort point or leaflet, two-flowered, the inferior 
flower feflile in the Ihort, ovate, truncate, hollow, bale, 
which is continued into oppolite, glumaceous, linear, flat, 
vertical, footftaljcs, (one at each lide of the flower;) on 
one of thefe (its the iuperior flower ; on the other a very 
fhort rudiment of a flow er ; flower inferior hermaphrodite, 
almofl: entirely lying hid between the footftalks. Calyx : 
involucre proper univalvate ; valvelet lanceolate, com- 
prefled, rigid, double-toothed at the tip, fmooth, embra¬ 
cing the flower with its margins beneath ; oppolite to 
the common involucre. Glume one-flowered, two-val- 
ved ; valvelets membranaceous, tranfparent, fhorter than 
the involucre; the exterior navicular, gibbous on the 
back, keeled, contracted towards the tip, acuminate ; 
the interior ventricofe, fomewhat (harp, fmaller. Corol¬ 
la : glume bivalve, membranaceous, extremely thin, tranf¬ 
parent ; valve exterior navicular, comprelled, fmooth, 
hyaline ; gibbous on the back, bifid, acute, awned be¬ 
low the tip, hid within the exterior valve of the calyx, 
and fnorter than it; the interior lanceolate, flat, acute, 
doubled together at each margin, the exterior rather long¬ 
er. NeCfary very {'mail, two-leaved, truncate-rounded, 
hyaline. Stamen : filaments three, capillary. Anthers 
linear, bifid on each fide. Piftillum : germ oblong, fmall. 
Styles two, capillary upright, longer than the germ. Stig¬ 
mas oblong, villofe, fpreading, protruded on each fide 
from the flower. Pericarpium : none. Corolla cherifhes 
the feed, gapes and drops it. Seed : ovate-oblong, com- 
prefled, fmooth. II. Flower Iuperior fmaller. Calyx: 
glume two-flowered, two-valved ; valves lanceolate, 
broadifh, flat, fliarp, nervofe, nearly equal. One flofcule 
female, (within the inner valve of the calyx;) the other 
male or neuter. Corolla : of the female ; glume bivalve; 
valves membranaceous, hyaline ; the exterior ventricofe, 
cornered, (harp-pointed ; the ulterior lanceolate, narrow¬ 
er, Shorter, obtufe. Of the male ; glume bivalve ; valves 
lanceolate, membranaceous, hyaline ; the exterior fome¬ 
what ventricofe, (harp ; the interior narrower, fnorter. 
Neftary in both as in the inferior flower. Stamen : of 
the male as in the inferior flower. Piftillum : of the fe¬ 
male as in the inferior flower. Pericarpium and feed of 
the female as in the inferior flower.— EJftntial Chambers. 
Calyx : glume common ; bivalve, female floret feflile, 
males peduncled. Male : calyx, none; corolla, bivalve ; 
ftamina, three. Female : calyx, none; corolla, bivalve ; 
ftyle, one ; feed, one, covered. 
Species, i. Apluda mutica ; leaves lanceolate, all the 
flowers awnlefs. 2. Apluda ariftata : leaves lanceolate; 
male flowers, awnlefs, one at the end feflile and awned. 
Natives of India. 
3. Apluda zeugites, or mountain reed-grafs: leaves 
ovate; male flowers awnlefs, one at the end feflile and 
awned. Native of Jamaica. Browne fays, that he found 
this curious little plant at the cold fpring, in the mountains 
©f New Liguanea, growing in a rich fliady foil. He calls 
it mountain reed-grafs. 
4. Apluda digitata; fpikes digitate, flowers pointing one 
way. A lofty Eaft-Indian grafs difcovered by Tlumberg. 
Vol. I. No. 51. 
A P O So 1 
APLUS'TRE, f. [Lat.] The ancient enfigiVCarried in 
fea- reflets.—The one holds a fword in her hand, to repre- 
fent the Iliad ; as the other has an aplujire, to reprefent 
the Odyflcy, or voyage of Ulyfl’es. Addfon. 
APNOF'A [aTrujsia, of « privative, and 'vrjt: a, to 
breathe, Gr.] want of breath, an entire fuppreflion of 
breathing, or at lead as to fenlc, as it happens to perfonS 
in a lwoon. 
APOBATA'NA, anciently the metropolis of Media, 
where the kings kept their treafures; luppoled to be the 
fame with Ecbatana. 
APOBATE'RION, in antiquity, a valedictory fpeech 
or poem made by a perfon on departing out of his own 
country, and addrefled to his friends or relations. 
APOBA'THRA, a place near Seftos; the landingplace 
where Xerxes’s fliips were frozen and fluck in the ice. 
APO'C ALYRSE, f. [from a.rroKa.'Kvirra, Gr. to reveal 
ordifcover.] Revelation; difcovery : a word tiled only 
of facred writings; and in general means the revelation 
of St. John. 
O for that warning voice, which he who faw 
Tli’ apocalypfe heard cry in heav’n aloud. . Milton. 
The book of Revelation, according to Irenaeus, was writ¬ 
ten about the year 99 of Chrift, in the Patrnos, whether 
St. John had been baniftied by the emperor Domitian. 
But Sir Ifaac Newton places the writing of it earlier, viz. 
in the time of Nero. Some attribute this book to the 
arch-heretic Cerintluis: but the ancients unan.imoufty 
aferibed it to John, the fon of Zebedee, and brother 
of James ; whom the Greek fathers call the Divine, by 
way of eminence, to diftinguifh him from the other evan- 
gelifts. This book has not, at all times, been elleemed 
canonical. There were many churches in Greece, as St. 
Jerome-informs us, which did not receive it; neither is it 
in the catalogue of canonical books prepared by the coun¬ 
cil of Laodicea, nor in that of St. Cyril of Jerufalem: 
but Juftin, Irenaeus, Origen, Cyprian, Clemens of Alex¬ 
andria, Tertullian, and all the fathers of the fourth, fifth, 
and the following, centuries, quote the Revelations as a 
book then acknowftedged to be canonical. The Alo- 
gians, Marcionites, Cerdonians, and Luther himfelf, re- 
jeited this book : but the Proteftants have forfaken Lu¬ 
ther in this particular; and Beza has ftrongly maintained, 
againft his objections, that the apocalypfe is authentic and 
canonical. Itconfiftsof twenty-tw'o chapters. The three 
firft are an inftruction to the bilhop's of the (even churches 
of Afia Minor. The fifteen following chapters contain 
the perfecutions which the church was to fuller from the 
Jews, heretics, and Roman emperors. 
It is proper to mention that there have been feveral 
other works publiflied under the title of Apocalypjes. So- 
zomen fpeaks of a book tiled in the churches of Pale- 
fline, called the Apocalypfe or Revelation of St. Peter. He 
alfo mentions an apocalypfe of Sr. Paul: which the Coph- 
tae retain to this day. Eufebius alfo lpeaks of both thefe 
apocalypfes. St. Epiphanius mentions an apocalypfe of 
Adam; Nicephoros, an apocalypfe of Efdras : Gratian 
and Cedrenus, an apocalypfe of Moles, another of St. 
Thomas, and another of St. Stephen ; St. Jerom, an apo¬ 
calypfe of Elias. Porphyry, in his life of Plotin, makes 
mention of the apocalypfe or revelations of Zoroafter, 
Zoftrian, Nicothaeus, Allogenes, &c. 
APOCALYP'TICAL, adj. Concerning revelation; con¬ 
taining revelation.—If we could underftand that feene, at 
the opening of this apocalyptical theatre, we fliould find it 
a reprefentation of the majefly of our Saviour. Burnet. 
APOCALYP'TICALLY, adv. In fucli a manner as 
to reveal fomething fecret. 
APO'COPE,/. [atiroKomi, Gr. of wko, and xairlu, tocut 
off.] A figure in grammar, when the lall letter or fyllable 
of a word is taken away ; as, ingeni, for ingenii-, apople.v, 
for apoplexy. 
APGCRISA'RIUS r [from ajroxgwsiv, G. toanfwer.] In 
ecclefiafltcal antiquity, a fort of resident in an imperial 
9 S city. 
