fcc4 A P O 
Yvhere the bathers undreffed themfelves. It is alfo called 
eonijltrium and [poliarium. 
APOGE'E ,/. [ apogceum , Lat.] In adronomy, that point 
m th.e orbit of the fun, moon, &c.dvhich is fartheft didant 
from the earth. It is at the extremity of the line of the 
apfides; and the point oppofite to it is called the perigee, 
where the didance from the earth is the lead:. The an¬ 
cient aftronomers, confidering the earth as the centre of 
the fyffem, chiefly regarded the apogee and perigee; but 
the moderns, placing the fun in the centre, change thefe 
terms for the aphelion and perihelion. The apogee of the 
fun is the fame thing as the aphelion of the earth; and 
the perigee of the fun is the fame as the perihelion of the 
earth. The quantity of motion in the apogee may be 
found by comparing two obfervations of it made at a great 
didance of time; converting the difference into minutes, 
and dividing them by the number of years elapfed between 
the two obfervations; the quotient gives the annual mo¬ 
tion of the apogee. Thus, from an obfervation made by 
Hipparchus in the year before Chrilt 140, by which the 
fun’s apogee was found 5 0 30' of H ; and another made by 
Ricciolus, in the year of Chrilt 1646, by which it was 
found 7 0 26' of ; the annual motion of the apogee is 
found to be 1' 2". And the annual motion of the moon’s 
apogee is about i s 10° 39' 52". But the moon’s apogee 
moves unequably. When die is in fyzygy with the fun, it 
moves forwards; but, in the quadratures, backwards; 
and thefe progreffions and regreffions are not equable, but 
it goes forward (lower when the moon is in the quadratures, 
or perhaps goes retrograde ; and, when the moon is in the 
fyzygy, it goes forward the faded of all. 
APOGRA'PHON, J. Gr. of emo , and 
y^atpy, to write.] An inventory of goods, a copy or tranf- 
cript of fome book or writing, a pattern or draught. 
APO'LIDES,/’. in antiquity, thofe condemned for life 
to the public works, or exiled into fome illand, and thus 
diveded of the privileges of Roman citizens. 
APOLLINA'RI AN GAMES, were indituted in the 
year of Rome 542. The occafion was a kind.of oracle de¬ 
livered by the prophet Marcus after the fatal battle at 
Cannte, declaring, tiiat to expel the enemy, and cure the 
people of an infectious difeafe which then prevailed, facred 
games were to be annually performed in honour of Apol¬ 
lo ; the praetor to have the diredtion of them, and the de¬ 
cemviri to offer facridces after the Grecian rite. The firft 
prastor by whom they were held was P. Cornelius Sylla. 
For fome time they were moveable or indicjtive; but at 
length were fixed, under P. Licinius Varus, to the fifth of 
July, and made perpetual. The men, who were fpedta- 
tors at thefe games, wore garlands on their heads; the 
women performed their devotions in the temples at the 
fame time. The Apollinarian games were merely feeni- 
cal; no chariot races, wrefitling, or laborious exercifes of 
the body, being ever prat tiled at them. 
APOLLINA'RIANS, or Afo llinarists, called by 
Epiphanius Dimaritce, ancient heretics, who denied the 
proper humanity of Chrilt, and maintained that the body 
which he uflumed was endowed with a fenlitive, and not a 
rational, foul, but that the Divine Nature fupplied the 
place of the intellectual principle in man. This fedt de¬ 
rived its name from Apollinaris, bifliop of Laodicea, in 
the 4th century. Their dodtrine was fird condemned by a 
council of Alexandria in the year 362, and afterwards in 
a more formal manner by a council at Rome in 373 ; and 
by another council in 378, which depofed Apollinaris from 
his bifhopric. Notwithdanding all, his dodtrine fpread 
through mod of the churches of the ead; and his fol¬ 
lowers were fub-divided into various fedts. In 388, the 
emperor Theodofius enadted a law, forbidding them to 
hold alfembhes, to have any ecclefiadics or bifhops, or to 
dwell in cities. The rigorous execution of this law’, in 
concurrence with the decrees of different councils, redu¬ 
ced them to a very fmall number, and their dodtrine had 
no long duration. 
APOLLINA'RIS (Cains Sulpicius), a learned gram. 
A P O 
marian, born at Carthage, lived in the fecond century, 
under the Antonines; he is fuppofed to be the author of 
the verfes which are prefixed to the comedies of Terence, 
and contain the arguments of them. He had for his fuc- 
ceffor in the profeffion of grammar Helvius Pertinax, who 
had been his fcholar, and was afterwards emperor. 
Apollinaris Sidonius (Caius Lollius), an eminent 
Chriftian writer and bifhop in the 3th century, was born 
of a noble family in France. He made a prodigious pro- 
grefs in the arts and fciences, but particularly in poetry 
and polite literature. After he had left the fchools, he 
applied himfelf to the profeffion of war. He married Pa- 
pianilla, the daughter of Avitus, who was conful, and 
afterwards emperor, by whom he had three children. But 
Majorianus in the year 437 having deprived Avitus of the 
empire, and taken the city of Lyons, in which Apollina¬ 
ris refided, he fell into the hands of the enemy. How¬ 
ever, the reputation of his learning foftened Majorianus’s 
refentments, fo that he treated him with the utmod civi¬ 
lity, in return for which Apollinaris compofed a panegyric 
to his honour; which was fo highly applauded, that he 
had a ffatue erected to him at Rome, and was honoured 
with the title of count. In the year 467 the emperor An¬ 
themius rewarded him farther, by raifing him to the pod 
of governor of Rome, and afterwards to the dignity of a 
patrician and fenator. But he foon quitted thefe fecular 
employments for the fervice of the church. The bifhopric 
of Clermont being vacant in 472, Apollinaris was cholen 
to fucceed him, in which he afted with the greated inte¬ 
grity. Clermont being befieged by the Goths, he anima¬ 
ted the people to the defence of that city, and would ne¬ 
ver confent to the furrender of it; fo that, when it was 
taken about the year 480, he was obliged to retire; but 
was foon reffored by Evariges king of the Goths, and con¬ 
tinued to govern the church as he had done before. He 
died the 21ft of Auguft, 487 ; and his fellival is ftill ob- 
ferved in the church of Clermont, where his memory is held 
in great veneration. His chief pieces in poetry are the 
three panegyrics upon the emperors Avitus, Majorianus, 
and Anthemius. His nine books of Letters contain a va¬ 
riety of particulars relating to polite literature, and pro¬ 
fane hiftory. 
APOLI.INA'RIUS (Claudius),alearned bifhop of Hie- 
rapolis, who, about the year 170, prelented to Marcus 
Aurelius an excellent Apology in Behalf of the Chriftians. 
Apollinarius the Younger, thus called to diltin- 
guifh him from his father, called Apollinarius the Elder, was 
firfl: leftor or reader of Laodicea, and afterwards bifhop 
of that city. He was efteemed the greated man of his 
age, both for learning and piety, and a mod accurate and 
nervous defender of the Chriftian faith; but notwith 
(landing this, on his advancing fome opinions that were not 
approved, he was anathematized as an heretic by the fecond 
general council of Condantinople in 381. 
APOL'LO, in mythology, a Pagan deity worfhipped 
by the Greeks and Romans. Cicero mentions four of his 
name : the mod ancient of whom was the fon of Vulcan ; 
the fecond a fon of Corybas, and born in Crete; the third 
an Arcadian, called Nomian, from his being a great legil- 
lator; and the lad, to whom the greateft honour is aferi- 
bed, tiie fon of Jupiter and Latona. Apollo had a variety 
of other names, either derived from his principal attri¬ 
butes, or from the places where he was worfhipped. He 
wa's called the Healer, from his enlivening warmth and 
cheering influence ; Pcean, from the peftilential heats ; to 
fignify the former, the ancients placed the Graces in his 
right hand; and, for the latter, a bow and arrows in his 
left: Nomius, or the fliepherd, from his fertilizing the earth, 
and thence fudaining the animal creation : Delius, from his 
rendering all things manifed: Pythius, from his vibtory 
over Python ; Lycias, Phoebus, and Phaneta, from his purity 
and fplendour. As Apollo is almod always confounded 
by the Greeks with the fun, it is no wonder that he fhould 
be dignified with fo many attributes. It was natural for 
the mod glorious objedt in nature, whofe influence is felt 
