go 6 A P O 
done bridge which Trajan ordered to be built over the 
Danube in the year 104, which was efteemed the moft 
piagnificent of alt the works of that emperor. Adrian, 
one day as Trajan was difcourfing with this architect upon 
the buildings he had railed at Rome, would needs give his 
judgment, in which he fhewed that he knew nothing of 
the matter. Apollodorus turned upon him bluntly, and 
•faid to him, “ Go paint citruls, for you are very ignorant 
of the {'abject we are talking upon.” Adrian at this time 
boafted of his painting citruls well. This was the firlt 
'ftep towards the ruin of Apollodorus; a flip which he was 
fo far from attempting to retrieve, that he even added a 
new offence, and that too after Adrian was advanced to 
the empire, upon the following occafion: Adrian fent to 
him the plan of a temple of Venus; and, though he alked 
his opinion, yet to fhew that he had no need of him, and 
•that he did not mean to be directed by it, the temple was 
already built. Apollodorus wrote his opinion very freely, 
and remarked fucli effential faults in it, as the emperor 
could neither deny nor remedy. This put Adrian into a 
great pafilon, and prompted him to the deftruftion of 
Apollodorus. He banilhed him at 'firft.; then under the 
pretext of certain fuppofed crimes, of which he had him 
accufed, he at laft put him to death. 
Apollodorus, a celebrated painter of Athens, about 
4.08 years before the birth of Chrift, was the firft who in¬ 
vented the art of mingling the colours, and of exprefting 
the lights and lhades. Me was admired alio for his judi¬ 
cious choice of fubjefts, and for the beauty and ftrength 
-of colouring furpalfed all the matters that went before 
him. He excelled likewife in flatuary. 
Apollodorus the Athenian, a famous grammarian, 
'the fon of Afclepiades and difciple of Ariftarchus. He 
wrote many works; but his moft famous production was 
the Bibliotheca, concerning the origin of the gods. This 
work confided of twenty-four books, but only three are 
mow in being. Several other pieces of his are to be found 
in Fabi icius’s Bibliotheca Grceca. There were various other 
perfons of this name. Scipio Tefti, a Neapolitan, has 
written a treatife of the Apollodorufes, which was printed 
at Rome in 1555 ; and Dr. Thomas Gale published a work 
of the lame kind in 1675. 
APOLLO'NIA, the name offeveral ancient cities, par¬ 
ticularly a colony of the Milelians in Thrace, from which 
Lucullus took away a coloftiis of Apollo, and placed it in 
the capitol. The greatett part of the town was fituated in 
-a fmall ifland on the Euxine, in which was a temple of 
Apollo. Pliny fays the coloffus was thirty cubits high, 
■and coft 500 talents. There was alfo an Apollonia at 
mount Parnalfus, near Delphi. Troezen was formerly 
called Apollonia. 
Apollonia, feafts facred to Apollo, inftituted upon 
the following occafion. Apollo, having vanquished Py¬ 
thon, went with his lifter Diana to ^Egialea.; but, being 
driven from thence, he removed to the island of Crete. The 
/Egialeans were Toon after vifited with a plague; upon 
which, confulting the foothfayers, they were ordered to 
fend feven young men, and as many virgins, to appeafe 
t hole deities, and bring them back into tbeircountry. Apollo 
and Diana, being thus appealed, returned to .Sjgialea: in 
memory of which, they dedicated a temple to Pitho, the 
,godcirjs of pe.fuafion ; whence a cuftom arofe of choofing 
every year leven young men, and as many virgins, to go 
as it were in fearch of Apollo and Diana. 
Apollonia, in geography, a promontory of Africa, on 
the coatt of Guinea, near the mouth of the river Mancu. 
APOLLO'NIUS, author of the Aeronautics, furnamed 
The Rhodian , from the place of his relidence, is luppofed 
to have been a native of Alexandria, where he is faid to 
have recited Some portion of his poem while he was yet 
a youth. Finding it ill received by his countrymen, he 
retired to Rhodes; where he is conjectured to have po- 
ililhed and completed his work, fupporting himfelf by the 
„profeffion of rhetoric, and receiving from the Rhodians 
vihe. freedom of their city. He at length returned} with con- 
A P O 
fiderable honour, to the place of his birth; fucceeding 
Eratoftnenes in the care of the Alexandrian library in the 
reign of Ptolemy Euergetes, who afeended the throne of 
Egypt the year before Chrift 246. That prince had been 
educated by the famous Ariftarchus, and rivalled the pre¬ 
ceding Sovereigns-of his liberal family in the munificent 
encouragement of learning. Apollonius was a difciple of 
the poet Callimachus; but their connection ended in the 
moft violent enmity. The learned have vainly endeavour¬ 
ed to difeover the particulars of their quarrel. The only 
work of Apollonius which has defeended to modern times 
is his poem above-mentioned, in four books, on the Argo- 
nautic expedition. The ancient fcholia upon this work, 
ftill extant, are extremely ufeful, and full of learning. 
Apollonius, of Perga, in Pamphilia, was a celebra¬ 
ted geometrician, w ho flourifhed in the reign of Ptolemy 
Euergetes, about 240 years before Chrift; being about 
fixty years after Euclid, and thirty years later than Archi¬ 
medes. He Studied a long time in Alexandria, under the 
difciples of Euclid; and afterwards he compofed feveral 
curious and ingenious geometrical works, of which only 
his books of Conic Sections are now extant, and even thele 
not perfect. For it appears from the author’s dedicatory 
epiftle to Eudemus, a geometrician in Pergamus, that this 
work confifted of eight books; only feven of which how¬ 
ever have come down to us. His work upon Conics was 
doubtlefs the moft perfect of the kind among the ancients, 
and in fome refpefts among the moderns alfo. 
Apollonius, a Pythagorean philolopher, born at 
Tyana, in Cappadocia, about the beginning of the firft cen¬ 
tury. At fixteen years of age he became a drift obferver 
of Pythagoras’s rules, renouncing wane, women, and all 
forts of fifth ; not wearing Ihoes, letting his hair grow, 
and wearing nothing but linen. He foon after fet up for 
a reformer of mankind, and chofe his habitation in a tem¬ 
ple of riEfculapius, where he is faid to have performed 
many wonderful cures. Philoftratus has written the life of 
Apollonius, in which there are numberlefs fabulous do¬ 
ries recounted of him. We are toW that he went five 
years without fpeaking; and yet, during this time that 
he Hopped many feditions in Cilicia and Pamphylia; that 
he travelled, and fet up for a legislator; and gave out, 
that he underftood all languages, without having ever 
learned them ; that he could tell the thoughts of men, 
and underftood the oracles which birds gave by their fing- 
ing. Apollonius wrote four bodks of judicial aftrology.; 
a treatife upon the facrifices, (hewing what was proper to 
be offered to each deity ; and.a great number of letters ; 
all of which are now loft. 
APOL'LOS, in feripture-hiftory, a Jew of Alexandria, 
who came to Ephefus during the abfence of St. Paul, who 
was gone to Jerufalem, Afts xviii. 24. Apollos was an 
eloquent man, and well verfed in the feriptures; and, as 
he fpoke with zeal and fervour, he taught diligently the 
things of God : but knowing only the baptifm of John, 
he was no more than a catechumen, or one of the lowelt 
order of Chriftians, and did not as yet diftinftly know the 
myfteries of the Chriftian doftrine. Aquila and Prifcilla 
having heard him, took him home with them ; inftrufted 
him, and baptized him, probably in the name of Jefus 
Chrift ; after which he became the companion of St. Paul. 
The Greeks make him bifliop of Duras; others fay, he 
was bilhop of Ieonium, in Phrygia ; and others, that he 
was bilhop of Csefarea. 
APOL'LYON, \_anroX\v oi>, of «o, and oWm, to de¬ 
stroy .-J A name in the Revelations, which fignifies the 
Dejlroyer, and anfvvers to the Hebrew word Abaddon, 
which fee. 
APOLOGE'TIC, or Apologe'tical, adj. [from 
a7ro*oy£w, to defend.] That which is laid in defence of 
any thing or perfon.—I delign to publifh an elfay, the 
greater part of which is apologtiical, for one fort ol chy- 
mills. Boyle. 
APOLOGE'TIC ALLY, adv. In the way. of defence 
or excufe. 
JVPO'LOGISTa 
