A P O 
APO'LOGIST,/ He that makes an apology j a pleader 
in favour of another. 
To APO'LOGIZPi, v.n. To plead in favour of any per- 
fon or thing.—It will be much more feafonable to reform 
than apologize or prhetoricate; and therefore it imports 
thofe, who dwell fecure, to look about them. Decay of 
Piety. It has the particle for before the fubjeel of apo¬ 
logy.—I ought to apologize for my indiferetion in the whole 
undertaking. Wake. — The trunllator needs not apologize 
for his choice of this piece, which was made in his child¬ 
hood. Pope. 
AP'OLOGUE, f. [ apolcgus , Lat. of atroXoyc^ or ,xtco~ 
*oy=4>, to utter.] An ingenious method of conveying in- 
flrudtion by means of a feigned relation, called a moral 
fable. The only difference between a parable and an.apo- 
logue is, that the former, being drawn from what paifes 
among mankind, requires probability in the narration ; 
whereas the apologue, being taken from the fuppofed ac¬ 
tions of brutes, or of things inanimate, is not tied down 
to the ftrid: rules of probability. /Efop’s fables are a 
model of this kind of writing. 
APO'LOGY , f. [apologie, Fr. apologia, Lat. of xerO.o- 
yia, of a.Tto\oyiu, Gr. to rejeift, or not admit.] Defence; ex- 
■ cufe. Apology generally fignifies.rather excufe than vindi¬ 
cation, and tends rather to extenuate the fault than prove 
innocence. This is, however, fometimes unregarded by 
writers : 
In her face excufe 
Camejirologue, and apology too prompt; 
Which with.bland words at will fhe thus addrefs’d. Milton. 
Tit has for before the objeft of excufe.—It is not my inten¬ 
tion to make an apology for my poctn : fome will think it 
needs no excufe, and others wilhreceivt none. Dryden. 
APOLY'SIS,y. among phyficians, the exclufioaof any 
thing ; as of the birth, the faeces,,or the like; a relaxa¬ 
tion by which any part of the whole is weakened. 
APOMAG'NA, f. £ from to abfterge.J Any 
thing ufed to wipe away fordes, as a handkerchief, or a 
-fpunge, &c. 
APOMECO'METRY, f. [aw, from diftance, 
,and /x.s TgEv, to meafure..] The art of meafuring things at 
.a diftance. 
APO'MELI, f. A fweet liquor made with honey- 
-combs, diluted and boiled with water. Galen fays, that 
Hippocrates, and others, called apomeli by the names of 
oxyglici and oxyglicumy and that fome were made.with, and 
others without, vinegar; fome being fweet, and others 
four and fweet. It is fimple oxyiuel. 
APO'MYOS DEUS, [^wo, and a, fly.] In the.hea¬ 
then mythology, a name under which Jupiter was wor- 
fhipped at Elis ; and Hercules, as well as Jupiter, at the 
■Olympic games. Thefe deities were fupplicated under 
this name, to deftroy or drive away the vail number of 
•flies which always attended at the great facrifices. 
APONEURO'SlS,y [of a.77-0, from, and a nerve.] 
Any tendinous expanlion. The tendon or tail of a mitfcle, 
•called by Hippocrates, teivov, a tendon or cord. Thefe 
expanfions of tendons, called aponeurofes, or fafeiae, grow 
•thinner and thinner, till they are'loll in the cellular mem- 
.brane. Inftances of thefe are frequently met with, e.g. 
the outward nrmfcles of the thigh are bound down by one 
of thefe expanfions, viz. the fafeia lata. Dr. Hunter de- 
feribes this aponeurofis as proceeding from the mufculus 
fafeiae latae, called membranofus mufculus, on the external 
part of the thigh, and from the gluteus maximus on the 
pofterior part. There are alfo other fafeiae, as thofe of 
■:the legs, which, like tliofe of the thighs, cover the muf- 
:des. The foies of the feet are ftrong fafeiae, which pre¬ 
vent the flexor mufcles of the toes being hurt, when we 
tread. The fafeiae on the thighs and legs bind down the 
mufcles while in atftion, and alfo increafe their ftrength 
by compreffmg them. When matter is formed immedi¬ 
ately under any of the fafeiae, it cannot point where it was 
, fir ft formed, but, runs under them to fome diftance, to gain 
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A P O 807 
an exit: to prevent inconveniences from this caufe, as foon 
as matter can be felt under a fafeia, it is right to give it 
vent immediately, and not to wait for its pointing, as in 
other fituations ; when this happens under the temporal 
mufcle, great difficulties attend. 
A.PO'NI A, f. -[a. priv. and nron®', labour.] Among 
phyficians, a (late of indolence, or the abfence of pain ; 
in which i’enfe tire word amounts to the fame with anody- 
nia. Hence alfo apona is ufed by fome for medicines which 
do not excite pain. 
APO'NO-(Peter d’), one of the moft famous philofo- 
phers and phyficians of his age, born in the year 1250, in 
a village about four miles from Padua. He fiudied fome 
time at Paris, and was there promoted to the degree qf 
dodlor in philolophy and phytic. When he came to prac- 
tife as a phyfician, he is laid to have infilled on very large 
films for.his .vifits: we are not told what lie demanded for 
the vilits he made in the place of his refidence; but it is 
affirmed, that.he would not attend the lick in any other 
place under 150 florins a day ; and, when he was lent for 
; by pope Honorius IV. he demanded 400 ducats for each 
day’s attendance. He was fufpefled of magic, and pro- 
fecuted by the Inquifition on that account. “ The com¬ 
mon opinion of aimolt all authors (lays Maude] is, that he 
was the greatell magician of his age ; that he had acquired 
the,knowledge of the feven liberal arts, by means of the 
feven familiar fpirits, which he kept inclofed in a cryftal,; 
and that he had the dexterity to make the money he had 
ipent come back into his purfe.” The fame author adds., 
that he died before the procefs againfl him w'asfinifhed, 
being then in thejcightieth year of his age ; and that, af¬ 
ter his death, they ordered him to be burnt in effigy, in 
the public place of the city of Padua ; deligning thereby 
to Al ike a fear into others of incurring the like punifh- 
ment; and to fupprefs the reading of three books which 
he had wrote; the firft being the Heptemaron , which is 
printed at the end.of the firft volume of Agrippa’s work ; 
the fecond, that which is called by Trithemius, Elucida - 
reum -Nccromanticum Petri,de Albano ; and the laft, that 
which is intitled by the fame author, Liber experimentorum 
Mirabilium de Annulis Secundum xxviii. Manfmnes Lunce. His 
body, being fecretly taken up by his friends, efcaped the 
vigilance of the inquifitors, who would have burnt it. Jt 
was removed feveral times, and was at lull placed in the 
church of St. Auguftin, without an epitaph or any mark 
of honour. T he molt remarkable book which Apono 
wrote, was that which procured him the furname of Con¬ 
ciliator ; he wrote alfo a piece intitled De Mcdicina Q.mni- 
moda. 
APONOGE'TON, f. in botany, .a genus of the dode- 
candria tetragynia clats, in the natural order of inundatae.- 
The generic characters are—-Calyx : none, except a fpa- 
thaceous fcale furrounding the outer fide of the flower, 
fimple, fefiiie, ovate, obtufe, entire, upright, fmooth, co¬ 
loured. Stamina : filaments eleven to nineteen, in the up¬ 
per flowers fewer, inferted between the fpathe and the 
capfules, fubulate, fmooth, white, many times Ihorter than 
the fpathe. Piftiilum : germs nfually four, feldom three 
or five; ftyles none; fligmas fubulate, bent in. Pericar- 
pium: capfules four, feldom three or-five, ovate, fubu- 
late-acute, gibbous on the outfide, flat on the inner fide, 
fmooth, one-celled. Seeds : in each capfule three, af¬ 
fixed to the bafe of it, fefiiie, obovate, very blunt, fuh- 
comprei'fed, fmooth.— EJfential Char abler. Calyx, an ament; 
capfule three-feeded. 
■Species. 1. Aponpgeton monoftachyon, or fingle-fpiked 
aponogeton: fpike fimple, leaves cordate-oval. Obferved 
by Koenig to be common in the fields that.are flooded for 
rice in the Eaft Indies. 
2. Aponogeton.diiiachyon, or broad-leaved aponoge- 
4 on: fpike .bifid, leaves linear-oblong, floating, brailes 
entire, flow'ers many-ftamened. Found at the Cape of 
Good Hope, in brooks, by Thuuberg. It.flowers alrnoft 
all the year, and was introduced in the year 1788 by Mr. 
Francis Maffoji. 
3. Aponogetqn 
