A P O ' 
f alien fedc dignijfimi) highly worthy of the apoflolical fee. 
In 5 81 > Gun tram calls the hilltops, met at the council of 
Mafon, npofolic etl pontiffs, apoflolici pontjices. 
APOSTO'LlCAL, adj. Delivered or taught by the 
apollles; belonging to the apodles.—Declare yourfelf tor 
that church which is founded upon feripture, realon, apof¬ 
lolical practice, and antiquity. Hooker. 
Apostolical Constitutions. See Constitu¬ 
tion. 
Apostolical Traditions. See Tradition. 
Apostolical Fathers, is an appellation ufually gi¬ 
ven to the writers of the find century who employed their 
pens in the caufe of Chriftianity. 
AI’OSTO'LICALLY, adv. In the manner of the 
apollles. 
‘ APOSTO'LIC ALNESS, f. The quality of relating to 
the apollles; apoflolical authority. 
APOSTO'LICI, or Apostolics, was a name alfumed 
by three different lefts, on account of their pretending to 
imitate the manners and practice of the apollles. The 
firft apoflolici rofe out of the Encratitae, and Cathari, in 
the third century. They made profefiion of abdaining 
from marriage, and the ufe of wine, flelh, money, &c. • 
Gerhard Sagarelli was the founder of the fecond left; he 
obliged his followers to go from place to place as the apodles 
did, to wander about clothed in white, with long beards, 
difhevelled hair, and bare heads, accompanied with wo¬ 
men, whom they called their lpiritual filters. They like- 
wife renounced all kinds of property and poffedions, in¬ 
veighed againd the growing corruption of the church of 
■Rome, predicted its overthrow, and the edablidiment of 
a purer church on its ruins. Sagarelli was burnt alive at 
Parma in the year 1300, and was afterwards fucceeded by 
Dulcinus, who added to the character of an apoflle thole 
of a prophet and a general, and earned on a bloody and 
dreadful war for more than two years againfl Raynerius, 
bifhop of Vercelli; he was at length defeated, and put to 
death, in the year 1307. Neverthelefs, this left fublilted 
in France, Germany, and in other countries, till the be¬ 
ginning of the fifteenth century, when it w'as totally ex¬ 
tirpated under the pontificate of Boniface 1 X 1 The other 
branch of apoflolici were of the twelfth century. Thefe 
alfo condemned marriage, preferring celibacy, and calling 
themfelves the chade. brethren and filters; though each 
was allowed a fpirituai lifter, with whom he lived in ado- 
medic relation; and on tills account they have been char¬ 
ged with concubinage : they held it unlawful to take an 
oath; they fet afide the ufe of baptifm ; and in many things 
imitated the Manichees. Bernard wrote vehemently againfl 
this feel. 
APOSTO'LICUM, f. is a peculiar name given to a kind 
of long or hymn, anciently tiled in churches. Voflius 
underllands it as fpoken of the apodles creed : Suicer 
thinks this impoilible, for that this creed was then unknown 
in the churches of the eaft. 
APOSTOO'LI ANS, a fe6l of the Mennonites, which 
fird fprung up in the year 1664, and derived its name from 
Apoflool, one of the Mennonite miniders at Amderdam. 
They concurred with them in doctrine, and admitted to 
their communion thofe only who profeffed to believe all 
the fentiments which are contained in their public confef- 
fion of faith. 
APOS'TROPHE, /. [«7ros-£o<p-<;, from from, and 
to turn.] In rhetoric, a figure by which a perfon 
who is either abfent or dead is addreffed as if lie were pre- 
fent, and attentive to us. This figure, in boldnefs, is a 
degree lower than the addrefs to perlonified objects, fince 
it requires a lefs effort of imagination to fuppofe perfons 
prefent who are dead or abfent, than to animate infenlible 
beings and direct our difeourfes to them. The poems of 
Offian abound with the mod beautiful indances of this fi¬ 
gure. 1 “ Weep on the rocks of roaring winds, O Maid of 
Inidore L Bend thy fair head over the waves, thou fairer 
than the ghod of the hills when it moves in a Cun-beam at 
A P O Sit 
noon over the filence of Morven! He is fallen! Thy 
youth is low; pale beneath the fword of Cuchullin!” 
Apostrophe, in grammar, the contraction of a word 
by the ufe of a comma: as call’d for called, tho’ for 
though, &c. p 
To APOS'TROPHIZE, v. n. To addrefs by an apof- 
trophe.—There is a peculiarity in Homer’s manner of 
apojlrophizing Eumreus, and fpeaking of him in the fecond 
perfon: it is generally applied only to men of account. Pope. 
A'POSTUME,/. [this word is properly apojlan. ] A 
hollow tumour filled with purulent matter.—How an apef- 
tume in the mefentery, breaking, caufes a confumption in 
the parts, is apparent. Harvey. See Aposteme. 
To Apostume, v. a. To apodemate. 
APOSYR'M A,/i [ oervoerv^a., of ccttoo-v^j, to draw, pull, 
or take off.] That which is drawn, diaved, or pared off. 
APOTAC'TITZS, or Apotactici, an ancient fed, 
who, affecting to follow the evangelical counfels of po¬ 
verty, and the examples of the apodles and primitive 
Chridians, renounced all their effects and poffedions. 
APOTEICIIIS'MUS,/. in the ancient military art, a 
line of circumvallation drawn round a place in order to be- 
fiege it. This was alfo called periteichjbius ; which gene¬ 
rally confided of a double wall, or ramparts, railed of 
earth; the innermod 1 to prevent hidden (allies from the 
town, the outermod to keep off foreign enemies from co¬ 
ming to the relief of the befieged. This anfwered to what 
are called lines of conlravallaiion and circumvallation among 
the moderns. 
APO'THEC ARY",yi \_apothecaire, Fr. apotkecarzus, Lat. 
of a.7ro.%K'/), of awo to mix with, or add to, became 
of their compounding thiiigsdogether for medicine. ] One 
who praftifes the art of pharmacy, keeps a phyiical (hop, 
and fells medicines. In London, the apothecaries are one 
of the city-companies. They were incorporated by a 
charter of king James I. till which time they only made a 
part of the grocers’ company; plumbs, fugar, fpice, Ve¬ 
nice treacle, mithridate, &c. were (old in the fame (hop 
and by the fame perfon. The reafon of feparating them 
was that medicines might be better prepared, and in op- 
polition to divers perfons who ilnpofed unwholefome drugs 
on the people. By an a 61 which was made perpetual in 
the ninth year of George l. they are exempted from fer- 
ving upon juries, -or in ward and paridi offices. They are 
obliged to make up their medicines according to the for¬ 
mulas preferibed in the college difpenfatory; and are lia¬ 
ble to have their (liops vifited by the cenfors of the col¬ 
lege, who are empowered to deflroy fuch medicines as they 
think not good. They have a noble hall in Water-lane, 
Bfackfriars, which has been lately enriched with the cu¬ 
rious and valuable mufeum of the late Dr. Kunteir, pre- 
fented to them by parliament. Here are alfo two fine la¬ 
boratories, out of which all the furgeons’ cheffs are fup- 
plied with medicines for the royal Britifii navy. 
The charitable difpenfation of medicines by theChinef® 
is well deferving of notice. They have a (lone, which is 
ten cubits high, erected in thp public fquares of their ci¬ 
ties ; on this (lone are engraved the names of all forts of 
medicines with the price of each; and, when the poor 
(land in need of any relief from phyfic, they go to tire 
public treafury, where they receive the price each medi¬ 
cine is to cod. 
Apothecary, or Apotiieca'rius, is alfo ufed to 
denote a (tore-keeper, or officer appointed to have the di¬ 
rection of a magazine, granary, &c. In which fenfe ape - 
thccarii is fometimes rendered by horearii and rationarii. 
A'POTHEGM, f. [properly apophthegm-, which fee.] 
A remarkable faying.—By frequent converting with him, 
and fcattering (Fort apothegms, and little pleafant (lories, and 
making ufeful applications of them, his fon was, in ills in¬ 
fancy, taught to abhor vanity and vice as monders. Walton.. 
APOTHE'OSIS,yi XjipQthcofe, Fr, of Gr. of 
a-noStUy to reckon or place among the gods.] A confecra- 
tion, or foleran enrolling, of great men deceafed, in the- 
number 
