8 i* A P P 
number of the gods; anciently praftifed by the Roinans, 
iirit begun by Auguftus for Julius Csefar. After the ce¬ 
remony was finifiled, the deified emperor was worlhipped 
as a cod, and with as much veneration as any of the reft 
of their gods; fo that Minutius helix fays, that a perlon 
might more lately fwear fallely by J upiter himfelf than by 
the genius of the deified perfon; and this was continued in 
C'Hrtftian Rome by the pope, by the name of canonization. 
1 lie do||rine of Pythagoras’ which he borrowed from 
the Chaldees, taught that virtuous perfons after their 
death were rai fed into the order of the gods. And hence 
the ancients deified all the inventors of things ufeful to 
mankind; and thole who had done any important fervice 
to the commonwealth. 
APOTIIER A'PIA,/ [from a.nrSe^a.mva, leure.] In 
phylic, denotes a complete or finiflied cure. 
Apotherapia is alfo tiled in the gymnaftic art, for 
the la ft part of all regular exercife, viz. friction or unCtion 
with oil, before as well as after bathing. The delign of 
thus was partly to cleanle the fkin, and partly to remove 
wearinefs. 
APOTHER'MUM,/ An acrimonious kind of pickle, 
as with milliard, vinegar, &c. 
APO'THESIS,/. [from unon to repofit, or from 
a. iso and nSufn, to place.] Tlie reduction of a dillocated 
bone. 
APO'TOME, f. in geometry, the remainder or diffe¬ 
rence between two lines or quantities which are only com- 
menfurable in power. Such is the difference between i 
and \/ 2, or the difference between the fide of the fquare 
and its diagonal. The term is ufed by Euclid ; and a full 
explanation of inch quantities is given in the tentli book 
of his Elements, w here he diltinguiflies fix kinds of apo- 
tonies, and ihe’ws how to find them all geometrically. 
The doctrine of apotemes, as delivered in the tenth 
beck of Euclid, is a very curious fubjeft, and has been 
much admired and cultivated by all mathematicians who 
have rightly underflood this part of the elements; and 
therefore Peter Ramus has greatly expofed his judgment 
by cenfuring tiiat book. The firft algebraical writers in 
in Europe have commonly employed a conliderable portion 
of their works on an algebraical expofition of that book, 
which led them to the doCtrine of lurd quantities; as Lu¬ 
cas de Burgo, Cardan, Tartalea, Stifelius, Peletarius, &c. 
&c. See alfo Pappus, lib. 4, prop. 3, and the introduc¬ 
tion to lib. 7. And Dr. Wallis’s Algebra, p. 109. 
Apotome, in niulic, is the difference between a greater 
and lefs femitone, being expreffed by the ratio of 128 to 
1 2 5 - 
APOTROP/E'A,yi [from I avert.] In the 
ancient poetry, verfes compoled for averting the wrath of 
ineenfed deities. 
AP'OZpM,/ [ apozeme , Fr. apozema, Lat. of aTro&^a, 
of to decoCt.] A medicinal decoCtion of herbs, 
dowers, roots, barks, See. 
To APPA'L, v. a. [appa/ir, Fr. It might more properly 
have been written appale. ] To fright; to ftrike with fud- 
denfear; todeprefs; to difeourage : 
Give with thy trumpet a loud note to Troy, 
Thou dreadful Ajax ; that th’ appalled, air 
May pierce the head of thy great combatant. Shake/peare. 
The monller curls 
His flaming creft, all other thirfl appall’d, 
Qr fliiv’ring flies, or choak’d at dillance Hands. Thomfon. 
APPA'LEMENT,y. Depreflion; difeouragement; im- 
preffion of fear.—The furious daughter of them was a 
great difeouragement and appalanent to the reft. Bacon. 
APPAMAT'TOX, a river of Virginia, in North Ame¬ 
rica, navigable as far as Broadways, by veffels of any fize 
that can crofs the bar in James’s river ; it afterwards keeps 
eight or nine feet water up to Fifher’s bar; and from four 
to five feet or upwards, from thence to Peterfburgh, where 
its navigation ceafes. 
A P P 
AP'PANAGE,yi lappanaginm, low Lat. probably from 
panis, bread.] Lands let apart by princes for the mainte¬ 
nance of their younger children : 
Had he thought it fit 
That wealth fliould be the appanage of wit, 
The god of light could ne’er have been fo blind, 
To deal it to the word of human kind. Swift. 
APPARA'TUS,yi [Lat.] Things provided as means 
to any certain end, as a fet of indruments for any art or 
fcience; the utendls or tools of a trade; the furniture of 
a houfe; ammunition for war; equipage; fhow.—Our- 
felves are eafily provided for; it is nothing but the circum- 
flantials, the apparatus or equipage of human life, that cods 
fo much. Pope. 
Apparatus, in chemidry. See Chemistry. 
Apparatus, in furgery. See Surgery. 
APPA'REL,y! \_appareil, Fr.] Drefs ; vefture. Ex¬ 
ternal habiliments.—At public devotion, his refigned car¬ 
riage made religion appear in the natural apparel of lim- 
plicity. Tatlcr. It has no plural. 
To Apparel, v. a. To drefs; to clothe.—With fuch 
robes were the king’s daughters that were virgins appa¬ 
relled. 2 Sam. xiii. 18.—To adorn with drefs.—She did 
apparel her apparel, and with the precioufnefs of her body 
made it mod fuinptuous. Sidney. —To cover, or deck, as 
with drefs.—Shelves, and rocks, and precipices, and gulfs, 
being apparelled with a verdure of plants, would referable 
mountains and valleys. Bentley. —To fit out; to furnifh : 
(not in ttfe.)—It hath been agreed, that either of them 
Ihottld fend Ihips to fea well manned and apparelled to fight. 
Hayward. 
APPA'RF.NT, adj. \_apparcnt, Fr. apparens , Lat.j 
Plain; indubitable; not doubtful.—The main principles 
of reafon are in themfelves apparent. For to make nothing 
evident of itfclf unto man’s underftanding, were to take 
away all poflibility of knowing any,thing. Hooker. —Seem¬ 
ing; in appearance; not real.—The perception intellect¬ 
ive often correCts the report of phantaly, as in the apparent 
bignefs of the fun, the apparent crookednefs of the flaff in 
air and water, &c. Hale. —Vilible; in oppofition to fee ret. 
■—The outward and apparent fanftity of aclions (hould flow 
from purity of heart. Rogers. — Open ; evident ; known ; 
not merely fufpedted. Certain; not presumptive : 
He is the next of blood 
And heir apparent to the Englifh crown. Shake/peare, 
Apparent, _/! Elliptically ufed for heir apparent: 
Draw thy fword in right.- 
■—I'll draw it as apparent to the crown, 
And in that quarrel ufe it. Shake/peare. 
Apparent, among mathematicians and adronomers, 
denotes things as they appear to us, in condradidinClion 
from their real date, either as to didance, figure, magnG 
tude, pofition, &c. &c. Tints, 
Apparent Diameter, or Magnitude, as for ex¬ 
ample of the heavenly bodies, is not the real length of the 
diameter, but the angle which taiey fubtend at the eye, 
or under which they appear. And hence, the angle, or 
apparent extent, diminifiling with the didance of the ofe- 
jeCl, a very fntall objeCt, as AB, may have the fame ap¬ 
parent diameter as a very large one FG; and indeed the 
objects have all the fame apparent diameter that are con¬ 
tained in the fame angle FEG. And, if thefe are paral¬ 
lel, the real magnitudes are diredtly proportional to their 
difiances. 
But the apparent magnitude varies not only by the dif- 
tance, but alfo by the polition of it. So, if the object 
CD 
