A Q, U 
thefe adds, that the (iem is only a foot or at moil eighteen 
inches high, that the divifions of the leaves are linear, not 
rounded, and that there are only one or two flowers on a 
fiein. They both ate of opinion, that the Alpine colum¬ 
bine is diftindt front the common fort. Native of the 
Alps of Switzerland and Savoy : faid alfo to be found in 
Weftmoreland. It flowers in May and June. 
4. Aquilegia canadenfis, or Canadian columbine: nedla- 
ries ftraight, ft a me ns longer than the corolla. Root peren¬ 
nial ; items very (lender, reddifti ; leaves of the fame form 
and iize with thofe of thaliftrum, or meadow rue; the 
lower ones biternate, irregularly divided, the extreme 
lobes blunt; the upper ones Amply ternate, toothed, or 
quite entire ; the upperntoft Ample, lanceolate, acumi¬ 
nate. Corollas yellow within, and red on the outfide. 
Native of Virginia, Canada, and moft of the northern 
parts of America. It {lowers in April, and the feeds 
ripen in Auguft. Introduced before the year 1640, by 
Mr. John Tradefcant, fen. 
5. Aquilegia viridiflora, or green-flowered columbine : 
nedlaries ftraight, thickened, and a little bent in at the tip ; 
flamens nearly equal to the corolla. Root perennial; ftems 
a foot high or more, upright, flightly angular and villofe; 
leaves biternate, petioled; leaflets frequently two-lobed, 
gafhed, blunt, pale green underneath : flowering pedun¬ 
cles nodding, (horf, fruiting ones eredf. Petals pale green, 
wrinkled, fhorter than the borders of the nedtaries, which 
are grcenifli yellow within, and brownifh on the outfide, 
the border cordate-wedge-fhaped, the horn fubulate and 
ftraight, blunt, and a little bent in at the end. Stamens 
fhorter by half than the corolla. Styles longer than the 
corolla. Germs five, with brownifh ftyles, furrounded 
with ten fubulate, acuminate, white, wrinkled, pellucid, 
chaffs. The whole plant is fmooth ; it flowers in May, 
and the feeds ripen in July. Native of Siberia; where it 
was found by Pallas. 
Propagation and Culture. Thefe plants are all raifed by 
fowing the feeds, or parting the old roots, but the former 
method is chiefly pradtifed ; for the old roots are very apt 
to degenerate after they have blown two or three years, 
fo as to become quite plain. The feeds fhould be fown in 
a nurfery-bed in Auguft or September, for the feeds which 
are kept till fpring feldom grow well, or at lead remain in 
the ground a whole year. The fpring following the plants 
will appear above ground, therefore fhould be kept clear 
from weeds, and, if the feafon fhould be dry, they mud be 
refrefhed with water, that they may gather ftrength. In 
the middle or latter end of May, thefe plants will be ftrong 
enough to tranfplant; therefore fome beds of good frefh 
undunged earth fhould be prepared, planting them therein 
at eight or nine inches diftance every way, keeping them 
clear from weeds, and refrefhing them with a little water, 
as they may require it. In the following autumn, by which 
time the plants will have acquired ftrength enough to flower 
the fummer following, the roots fhould be carefully taken 
up, and planted in the borders of the flower-garden; but, 
where their roots are defigned to be preferved in perfec¬ 
tion, all their flower-ftems fhould be cut off, as foon as 
the flowers are paft, to prevent their degenerating by the 
mixture of the farina from other flowers. But, in order 
to be fure of having no fingle or bad flowers in the bor¬ 
ders, you may fufler the plants to remain in the nurfery- 
beds until they have blown ; at which time you may put 
a flick by each root you fancy to preferve, or pull out all 
the fingle or bad-coloured ones, and throw them away, 
cutting off all the flowers from your bed roots as foon as 
they have (hewn themfelvee, which will greatly add to 
the preferving them fair in their colours. In order to keep 
up a fucceflion of good flowers, frefh feeds fhould be fown 
every year ; and, if you can meet with a friend at fome 
diftance, who is furnifhed with good flowers of this kind, 
it will be very advantageous to both parties, to exchange 
feeds once in two years, by which means they will not be 
fo apt to degenerate into plain colours. In faving the feeds 
of the variegated columbines, great care fhould be taken 
3 
A Q_ U 843 
not to fuffer any plain flowers to remain for feed, there being 
generally fome plain flowers intermixed with the ftriped 
ones on the fame plant, and often in the fame branches : 
thefe fhould be cut off, for, if they are permitted to feed, 
or if their farina impregnate the ftriped flowers, they will 
degenerate into plain colours ; fo that there cannot be too 
much care taken in faving the feeds, where the beauty of 
their flowers are regarded. The Canada columbine flow¬ 
ers almoft a month before the other forts ; for which rea- 
fon it is preferved in the gardens of the curious, though 
there is no great beauty in the flowers. There is another 
variety of this with taller flower-ftems, which flowers a 
little after the other, but does not differ either in the fhape 
of its flowers or leaves from this; therefore I conclude 
that they are but one fpecies. The Canada columbines 
flower in April, and their feeds ripen the beginning of 
Auguft. The other forts flower towards the end of May, 
and in cool feafons will continue to produce flowers till the 
middle of July, and the feeds ripen towards the middle or 
end of September, according as the feafon proves more or 
lefs favourable. 
AQTJILE'IA, a large city of the Carni, or Veneti, and 
a noble Roman colony, which was led thither between the 
firft and fecond Macedonian wars. It is wafhed by two 
rivers, the Natifo and Turrus. The reafon of leading this 
colony was, in order to be a bulwark againft the neigh¬ 
bouring barbarians. The colony was afterwards increafed 
with 1500 families by a decree of the ferrate ; from which 
it became a very famous port-town. The emperor Julian 
afcribes the appellation to the augury of an eagle at the 
time of building it; but Ifaac Vollius on Mela, to the 
great plenty of water, as if the town were called Aquile- 
gia. The harbour, at the mouth of the Natifo, is diftant 
lixty ftadia from the city, fothat fliipsof burden are towed 
up the river. In 452, it was befieged by Attila, with an 
innumerable hoft of barbarians. The walls were aflaulted 
by a formidable train of battering-rams, moveable turrets, 
and engines, that threw ftones, darts, and fire; and the 
monarch of the Huns employed the forcible impulfe of 
hope, fear, emulation, and intereft, to fubvert the only 
barrier which delayed the conqueft of Italy. Aquileia was 
at that period one of the richeft, the moft populous, and 
the ftrongeft, of the maritime cities of the Adriatic coaft. 
Three months were confumed without effedt in the fiege ; 
till the want of provifions, and the clamours of his army, 
compelled Attila to relinquilh the enterprife, and reludt- 
antly to iftlie his orders that the troops fhould ftrike their 
tents the next morning and begin their retreat. But, as 
he rode round the walls, penfive, angry, and difappointed, 
he obferved a ftork preparing to leave her neft in one of 
the towers, and to fly with her infant family towards the 
country. He feized, with the ready penetration of a ftatef- 
man, this trifling incident which chance had offered to fu- 
perftition; and exclaimed, in a loud and cheerful tone, 
that fuch a domeftic bird, fo conftantly attached to human 
fociety, would never have abandoned her ancient feats, 
unlefs thofe towers had been devoted to impending ruin 
and folitude. The favourable omen infpired an allltrance 
of vidtory ; the fiege was renewed, and profecuted with 
frefh vigour; a large breach was made in that part of the 
wall from whence the ftork had taken her flight; the Huns 
mounted to the allault with irrefiftible fury ; and the fuc- 
ceeding generation could fcarcely difeover the ruins 'of 
Aquileia. The place, however, is (till called Aquileia , 
and there are feveral inferiptions and antiquities to be feen 
in it, which are worthy of a traveller’s notice; and, though 
dwindled into a poor village, it gives a title to the patri¬ 
arch of Aquileia. The patriarch is named by the Vene¬ 
tians, and refides at Udino, becaufe the town of Aquileia 
belongs to the houfe of Auftria. It is fxtuated fifty-leven 
miles N. E. of Venice. Lat. 46.0. N. Ion. 13. 8. E. 
AQUILI'CIA, f. in botany. See Leea. 
AQUILI'CIUM, or Aqjjilicia'na, J'. in Roman an. 
tiquity, facririces performed in times of exceflive drought, 
to invoke rain from the gods. 
AQUI'LIFER, 
