.116 C O N 
fomething that would afford matter of impeachment 
again!! that princefs, the earl of Hertford, or his coun- 
tefs, who ail favoured reformation, ordered her to be 
put to the rack ; but her fortitude in fuffc-ring, and her 
refolution not to betray her friends, was proof againfl 
that diabolical invention. Not a groan, not a word, 
could be extorted from her. The chancellor, pro¬ 
voked with what he called Iter obftinacy, augmented her 
tortures with his own hands, and with unheard-of vio¬ 
lence : but her courage and conflancy were invincible ; 
and thefe barbarians gained nothing by their cruelties 
but everlafling difgrace and infamy. As foon as (lie was 
taken from the rack, fhe fainted away ; but, being re¬ 
covered, flie was condemned to the flames. Her bones 
were diflocated in fucir a manner, that they were forced 
to carry her in a chair to the place of execution. While 
(he was at the flake, letters were brought her from the 
•lord chancellor, offering her tire king’s pardon if fhe 
would recant. But fire refilled to look at them ; telling 
tl:e meffenger, that “ file came not thither to deny her 
Lord and Mailer.” The fame letters were alfo tendered 
to three other perfons condemned to the fame fate ; and 
who, animated by her example, refufed to accept them. 
Whereupon the lord mayor commanded tire fire to be 
kindled ; and with lavage barbarity cried out, fiatjijfi- 
tia. The faggots being lighted, fhe commended her foul, 
with the utmofl compofure, into the hands of her Maker; 
and, like the great founder of tire religion fire profefied, 
expired, praying for her murderers, July 16, 1546, about 
the twenty-fifth year of her age. 
CON'STANT, adj. [confans, Lat.] Firm; fixed; not 
fluid.—If you take highly redlified fpirit of wine, and 
.dephlegmed fpirit of urine, and mix them, you nray turn 
thefe two fluid liquors into a conjiant body. Boyle .— Un¬ 
varied; unchanged; immutable; durable: 
The world’s a feene of changes, and to be 
Conjiant, in nature were inconltancy. Cowley. 
-Firm; refolute ; determined; immoveable; unfhaken: 
Some fhrewd contents 
Now fleal the colour from Baffanio’s cheek : 
Some dear friend dead ; elfe nothing in the world 
Could turn fo much the conflitution 
Of any conjiant man. Shakcfpcare. 
Free from change of affection.—Both loving one fair 
maid, they yet remained conjiant friends. Sidney .—Cer¬ 
tain ; not various ; Heady; firmly adherent: with to; 
Now through the land his care of fouls he ffretch’d, 
And like a primitive apoftle preach’d ; 
Still cheerful, ever conjiant to his call; 
By many follow’d, lov’d by molt, admir’d by all. Dryden. 
CONSTAN'TIA, a village of Africa, near the Cape 
of Good Hope, celebrated for its wine, produced from 
vines Laid to be originally brought from Schiras in Per- 
fia. See Good Hope. 
CON'SjTANTIN (Robert), dodlor of phyfic, and pro- 
fellbr of the belles lettres in the univerlity of Caen ; 
where he was born in 1502. He acquired vafl reputation 
by his fkill in the Greek language. He lived to one 
hundred and three years of age, without any failure of 
powers in either body or mind. He died of a pleurify in 
]605. He publifhed, 1. A Lexicon, Greek and Latin; 
better digefted and condulled, as fome think, than that 
of Henry Stephens. 2. Three books of Greek and Latin 
Antiquities. 3. Thejaurus rerum & verborum utriufque lin¬ 
gua:. 4. Supplembitum lingua Latina, feu Diblionarium ab - 
JlruJor.um Vpcabulorum, &c. 
CONSTANTI'NA, a town of Spain, in Andalufia: 
fifty miles fouth-well of Cordova, and forty-two north- 
north-eafl of Seville. 
CONSTANTI'NA, ocCosthinah, a town of Africa, 
and capital of , a province of diftrict of Algiers, fituated 
on the Rainmel, formerly called Cirta, and one of the 
C O N 
ffrongeff towns of Numidia ; abundance of ruins give 
evidence of its ancient grandeur : tv enty leagues eaff- 
fouth-eaff of Bonjeia. Lat. 36. 50. N. Ion. 6. 13. E, 
■Greenwich. 
CON'ST ANTINE, furnamed the Great, from the 
greatnefs of his exploits, was the fon of Conflantius. As 
foon as he became independent, he affumed the title of 
Auguflus, and made war againfl Licinius, his brother- 
in-law, and colleague on the throne, becaufe he was 
cruel and ambitious. He conquered him, and obliged 
him to lay afide the imperial power. It is faid, that, 
as he was going to fight againfl Maxentius, one cf his 
rivals, he faw a crofs in the fky, with this infeription, 
tv aovTio nx.ee, in hoc vince. From this circumflance he be¬ 
came a convert to Chriftianity, and obtained an eafy vic¬ 
tory, ever after adopting a crofs or labarum as his ffan- 
dard. After the death of Diocletian, Maximian, Max¬ 
entius, Maximinus, and Licinius, who had reigned to¬ 
gether, though in a fubordinate manner, Conflantine 
became foie emperor, and began to reform the Hate. He 
founded a city where old Byzantium flood, and called it 
by his own name, Conftantinopolis. Thither he tranf- 
ported part of the Roman fenate ; and, by keeping his 
court there, he made it the rival of Rome, in population 
and magnificence. From that time the two imperial 
cities began to look upon each other with an eye of en¬ 
vy ; and foon after the age of Conflantine, a feparation 
was made of the two empires, and Rome was called the 
capital of the weftern, and Conffantinople the capital of 
the eaflern, dominions of Rome. The emperor was dif- 
tinguiflied for pcrfonal courage, and praifed for the pro¬ 
tection he extended to the Chriftians. He at fuff: per- 
fecuted the Arians, but afterwards inclined to their opi¬ 
nions ; and his murder of Iris fon Crifpus has been de- 
fervedly cenfured. By removing the Roman legions 
from the garrifons on the rivers, he opened an eafy paf- 
fage to the Barbarians, and rendered his foldiers unwar¬ 
like. He defeated one hundred thoufand Goths, and re¬ 
ceived into his territories three hundred thoufand Sarma- 
tians,who had beenbanifhed by their flaves, and gave them 
ground to cultivate. Conflantine was learned, and preach¬ 
ed, as well as compofed, many fermons, one of which 
remains. He died A. D. 337, after a reign of thirty-one 
years of the greateft glory and fuccefs. He left three 
fons, Conflantinus, Conllans, and Conflantius, among 
whom he divided his empire. The firff, who had Gaul, 
Spain, and Britain, for his portion, was-conquered by 
the armies of his brother Conftans, and killed in the 
twenty-fifth year of his age, A. D. 340. Magnentius, 
governor of the provinces of Rhaetia, murdered Conftans 
in his bed, after a reign of thirteen years,® over Italy, 
Africa, and Illyricum ; and Conflantius, the only fur- 
viving brother, now become the foie emperor, A. D. 353. 
punifhed his brother’s murderer, and gave way to cruelty 
and oppreflion. He vifited Rome, where lie difplayed a 
triumph, and died in his march againfl Julian, who had 
been proclaimed inde-pendent emperor by his foldiers. 
The name of Conflantine was very common to the em¬ 
perors of the eaft, in a later period. See Rome. 
CON'ST ANTINE, of Africa, was born at Carthage, 
in the eleventh century, and travelled into the eafl, 
where he lived thirty years, chiefly at Babylon and Bag¬ 
dad. He ftudied the medical art, and made himfelf 
mailer of the Arabic, and other oriental languages, and 
then returned to Carthage ; from whence he went into 
Apulia, and lived at Reggio, and at laft became a monk 
of Monte Cafino. He is laid to have been the firff who 
brought the Greek and Arabian phyfic into Italy again. 
He compiled feveral books; and has given a tranflation 
•of Ifaac Ifraelitus on Fevers, out of Arabic into Latin; 
and another book, which he calls Loci Cojnnmnes, contains 
the theory and practice of phyfic, and is chiefly copied 
from Hali Abbas. He died in.the latter end of the ele¬ 
venth century. 
CONSTAN- 
