CON 
unpleafing predominance of efrebl produced by the ele¬ 
vated rotunda in Italian cities. 
The Ihips of war are moored together on the oppofite 
Ihofe ; thofe of commerce are ftationed nearer Galata; the 
water is literally peopled with boats, and the whole, as 
a maritime fcene, is rarely equalled. The harbour is 
nearly half a mile broad. An idea of peculiar magnifi¬ 
cence is annexed by the Turks to the explofion of gun¬ 
powder, of which they are very lavilh. Every time the 
i'ultan or capudan pafha appears on the harbour or the 
Bofphorus, he is received with a general falute from each 
fhip of war; and the winding lliores re-echo, daily at lead, 
with vollies front their ponderous cannon. The harbour 
is the paradife of aquatic birds, which, as if prefuming 
on the perfect fecurity they enjoy from the religious 
fcruples of the Turks, hover round in flocks. During 
the colder leafons the number and variety of them is 
fcarcely credible. - They light on the loaded boats of 
grain, and feed without interruption; particularly tur¬ 
tle-doves, which they venerate, are indulged without 
reftraint. 
Of the European environs of Conftantinople, little can 
be laid in praile ; they exhibit, in general, bare fterile 
ridges, without verdure ; for cultivation is partial, and 
horticulture is almoft unknown. Within a mile of the 
fuburbs, its gorgeous fanes rife as from a defert at the 
call of a magician, and the beautiful chiftlik, or country 
feat, of Daoot Pafha, flourifhing amidft a dreary wafte, 
confirms the idea of his refidence there.—For other par¬ 
ticulars relative to this celebrated metropolis, we beg to 
refer the reader to Dallaway’s “ Ancient and Modern 
Conftantinople,” to which we are indebted for our pre- 
fent account: and for the hiftory and origin of the Otto¬ 
man Empire, we refer to our article Turkey. 
CONSTANTINO'W, a town of Poland, in Volhynia, 
on the river Slucza t eight miles north-north-weft of 
Braclaw, and ninety-fix fouth-eaft of Lucko. 
CONSTAN'TIUS CHLO'RUS, fon of Eutropius, 
and father of Conftantine the Great, merited the title of 
Ctefar, which he obtained by Iris victories in Britain and 
Germany. He became the colleague of Galerius, on the 
abdication of Diocletian ; and, after bearing the charac¬ 
ter of a humane and benevolent prince, died at York, 
and made Iris fon his fucceflbr, A. D. 306.—A Roman 
general of Nyifa, who married Placidia, the After of Ho- 
norius, and was proclaimed emperor, an honour he en¬ 
joyed only feven months. He died univerfally regretted, 
A. D. 421, and was fucceeded by his fon Valentinian in 
the weft. 
CON'STANTLY, adv. Unvariably; perpetually; cer¬ 
tainly; ftpadily.'—It is ftrange that the fathers thould 
never appeal; nay, that they thould not conjlantly do it. 
Tillotfon, 
CON'STAT, f. [Lat.3 inlaw, the name of a certifi¬ 
cate, which the clerk of the pipe, and auditors of the 
exchequer, make at the requeft of any perfon who in¬ 
tends to plead or move in that court, for the difcharge 
of any thing; and the eflebt of it is the certifying what 
ccnjiat (appears) upon record, touching the matter in 
queftion. Stats. 3 and 4 Edw.VI. c. 4. 13EHZ. c. 6. A 
conjlat is held to be fuperior to an ordinary certificate, 
becaufe it contains nothing but what is evident on re¬ 
cord. And the exemplification under the great feal, of 
the inrolment of any letters patent is called a conjlat. 
Co. Lit. 225. 
To CONSTEL'LATE, v. n. \_conJldlatus, Lat. ] Tojoin 
luftre; to Urine with one general light.—The feveral 
things which engage our affections, do, in a tranfcendent 
manner, (bine forth and conjldiate in God. Boyle , 
To CONSTEL'LATE, v.a. To unite feveral Arming 
bodies in one fplendour.—Tnele fcattered perfections, ■ 
which were divided among the feveral ranks of inferior 
natures, were fummed up and coHjld/ated in ours. Glanville. 
CONSTELLAT ION, / A duller of fixed liars.— 
CON P27 
For the ftars of heaven, and the conjlcllations thereof, Hr all 
not give their light. IJ'aiah, xiii. 10. ... 
The earth, the air, refounded: 
The Ireav’ns and all the conjlgllati.ons rung. Milton. 
An atfemblag'e of fplendours, or excellencies.—The con¬ 
dition is a conjldlation or conjuncture of all thofe gofpel 
graces, faith, hope, charity, felf-denial, repentance, and 
the reft. Hammond. 
The aftronomical conftellations are imaginary figures 
of birds, beafts, fifties, and other things in the heavens, 
within which are arranged certain ftars. Thete alfem- 
blages are fometimes called ajlerifms. The ancients por¬ 
tioned out the firmament into feveral parts, or conftella¬ 
tions ; reducing a certain number of liars under the re-' 
prefeivtation of certain images, to allilt the imagination 
and memory to conceive or retain their number, order, 
and difpolition, or even to diftinguith the virtues they 
attributed to them. See thearticle Astronomy, vol. ii. 
P- 4 i 3 - 
CONSTERNA'TION, f. [from conjlerno, Lat.] Afto- 
niflnnent; amazement; alienation of mind,by a lurprize; 
furprize ; wonder.—.They find the fame holy sotijler-nation 
upon themfelves that Jacob did at Bethel, which he 
called the gate of heaven. South. 
The natives, dubious whom , 
They mu ft obey, in conjlernation wait 
Till rigid conqueft will pronounce their liege. Plii/ips. 
To CON'STIPATE, v. a. [from ctmJHpo , Lat.] To 
crowd together into a narrow room ; to thicken; to con- 
denfe.—Of cold, the property is to condenfe and conjli- 
pate. Bacon.- —To (tuff up, or (top by filling up the pai- 
fages.—It is not probable that any aliment thould have 
the quality of intirely conjlipating .or (hutting up the ca¬ 
pillary velfels. Arbuthnot. —To bind the belly, or make 
coftive.—Omitting honey, which is laxative, and the pow¬ 
der of forne loadftones in this, doth rather conjlipate and 
bind, than purge, and loofen the body. Brown. 
CONSTIPA' TION,/ The aCt of crowding any thing 
into lefs room; condenfation.—This worketh by the - de¬ 
tention of the fpirits, and conjlipation of the tangible parts. 
Bacon. —Stoppage; obftrubtion by plenitude ; coftivenefs. 
—The inactivity of the gall occalions a 1 conjlipation of the 
belly. Arbuthnot. —.The (late of having the body bound. 
CONSTITUENT, adj. [ conjlituens , Lat.] That which 
makes any thing what it is; necelfary to exiftence ; ele- 
mehtal ; eflential; that of which any thing confilts.— 
Body, foul, and reafon, are the three parts necelfarily 
conjlituent of a man. Dfyden. 
CONSTITUENT, J\ The perfon or thing which con- 
ftitutes or fettles any thing in its peculiar ftate.—Their 
firft compofure and origination requires a higher and no¬ 
bler conjlituent than chance. Hale. —That which is nCcef- 
fary to the fubliftence of any thing.—The obftruCtion of 
the mefentery is a great impediment to nutrition; tor the 
lymph in thofe glands is a necelfary conjlituent of the ali¬ 
ment. Arbuthnot. —He that deputes another; as, the re- 
prefentatives in parliament dilregard their conjlituents. • 
To CONSTITUTE, v.a. [ coijl'ituo , Lat.] To give 
formal evidence ; to make any thing what it is ; to pro¬ 
duce.—Prudence is not only a rnprai but chriftian virtue, 
fuch as is necelfary to the conjlituting of all others. Decay 
of Piety. —To ereCt; to eftablilh.—We muft obey laws 
appointed and conjlituted by lawful authority, not again!;, 
the law of God. Taylor.- —To depute ; to appoint another 
to an office. 
CON'STITUTER, f. He that conftitutes or appoints. 
CONSTITUTION',/. The a£t of conftituting ; enact¬ 
ing; deputing: eftablilhing; producing. State of being; 
particular texture of parts ; natural qualities.—This is 
more beneficia| than any other conJlituUon. Beatify.— Cor¬ 
poreal frame.— Amongft many bad effeCts of this oily 
conjlitution, there is one advantage; fuch who aniye to 
age, 
