154 
CON 
\the province of York, unlefs its convocation would 
grant a fubfidy in proportion ; or unlefs its clergy would 
bind themlelves individually to contribute as bounti¬ 
fully. All deans and archdeacons are members of the 
convocation of their province; each chapter fends one 
prottor or repreientative, and the parochial clergy-in 
each dio.cefe of Canterbury, two prottors: but on ac¬ 
count of the final 1 number of diocefes in the province of 
York, each archdeaconry elefts two probtors. In York 
tire convocation confifts only of one houfe ; but in Can¬ 
terbury there- are two hdul'es, of- which the twenty-two 
biihops form the upper houfe; “ wherein the archbifhop 
prefides with regal ftate,” fays Blackftone, i CcwM/279; 
and before the reformation, abbots, priors, and other 
mitred prelates, fat. with the bifhops. The lower houfe 
of convocation, in the province of Canterbury, confifts 
of twenty-two deans, fifty-three archdeacons, twenty-four 
probtors lor the chapters, and forty-four probtors for 
the parochial clergy.—Total 144. By8H. VI.c. 1. the 
clergy in their attendance on the convocation, have the 
fame privilege in freedom from arreft, as the members of 
the houfe of commons in their attendance on parliament. 
Ever iince the year 1665, when the convocation of the 
clergy gave up the privilege of taxing themfelves to the 
houfe of commons, they l'eldom have been allowed to 
do any bufinefs ; and are generally prorogued from time 
to time till dilfolved, a new one being called with every 
new parliament. The only equivalent for giving up the 
privilege of taxing themfelves, was their being allowed 
to Vote at eledtions for members to the houfe of com¬ 
mons, which they had not before. 
To CGNVO'KE, }). a. [ convoco , Lat.] To call toge¬ 
ther ; to fumm'on to an aflembly.—The fenate originally 
confifted all of nobles, the people being only convoked 
upon fuch occafioris as fell into their cognizance. Swift. 
When next the morning warms jhe ptirple eaft, 
Convoke the peerage. Pope. 
To CONVOL'VE, v. a. [ convolve , Lat.} To roll toge¬ 
ther; to roll one part upon another.—It is a wonderful 
artifice how newly hatched maggots, not the parent ani¬ 
mal, becaufe fhe emits no web, nor hath any textrine 
art, can convolve the ftubborn leaf, and bind it with the 
thread it weaves from its body. Derham. 
Us’d to milder feents the tender race 
By thoufands tumble from their honey’d domes, 
Convolv'd and agonizing in the duft. Thomfon. 
CON'VOLUTED, part. Twilled; rolled upon itlelf. 
—-This differs from Mulcovy-grafs only in this, that the 
plates of that are flat and plain, whereas thefe are convo¬ 
luted and inflected. Woodward. 
-CONVOLE'TiON, f. [convolutio, Lat.] The adt of 
rolling any thing upon itlelf; the ftate of being rolled 
upon itlelf: 
A'thoufand fecret fubtle pipes bellow, 
from which, by num’rous convolutions wound, 
Wrapp’d with tlx’ attending nerve, and twifted round. 
* < Blacktnore . 
The ftate of rolling together in company : 
And tofs’d wide round, 
O’er the calm lea, in convolution fwift 
'.the feather’d eddy floats. Thomfon. 
CO NV OI- ' VU LU Sj|/. [a convolvendo ; becaufp the Item 
<4 fome fpecies rolls round, or twines about ether bo- 
bies.] Bindweed ; in botany, a genus of the elafs pen- 
tandria, order mohogynia, natural order of campanacete, 
or bell-form flowers. The generic characters are—Ca¬ 
lyx : perianthitlm five parted, converging, ovate, obtufe, 
very fmall, permanent. Corolla: one-petalled, bell- 
ihaped, fpreading, large, plaited, oh feu rely five-lobed. 
Stamina : filaments five, fubulate, Iliorter by half than 
the,corolla; anthesae ovate, comprefied. Piftillum : 
germ ftiperfor, roundilh ; Ityle filiform, length of the 
C O N 
I 
ftamens; ftigmas two, oblong, broadilh. Perlcarpmm \ 
capfule enwrapped by the calyx, roundilh, two-celled, 
one, two, or three, valved. Seeds in pairs, roundifh. 
The corolla is commonly marked with ten notches, but 
there are inftances in which it has five clefts. Some fpe- 
ciCs have a funnel-form corolla. EJfential CkaraEler .—• 
Corolla; bell-lhaped, plaited; ftigmas two; capfule 
two-celled, with two feeds in each cell. 
Species. I. With a twining Item. 1. Convolvulus ar- 
venfis, fmall or field bindwhed : leaves fagittate, llxarp 
on each fide, peduncles generally one-flowered ; bradtes 
fubulate, at a diftance from the flower. Root perennial, 
milky, white, the thicknefs of a crow quill, creeping fo 
as fcarcqly to be eradicated ; ftalks numerous, llender, 
‘twifted, procumbent, branched, frequently fuffocating 
plants by twining round them ; leaves alternate, Haft ate, 
fmooth, running out into two points behind ; petioles 
Ihorter than the leaves, on the iower part convex, on 
the upper channeled; bractes at a diftance from the- 
flower, and fometimes a fecond, or even a third, flower 
proceeds from the bofom of them ; corolla elegantly va¬ 
riegated with red and white, fometimes wholly white ; 
feeds angular and brown ; it flowers in June and July, 
in gardens and corn fields, and on dry banks. Miller 
fays, it is generally a fign of gravel lying under the fur- 
face. He adds, that the roots run very deep into the 
ground, whence fome country people name it devt/’s guts. 
It is called in York fix ire’ corn-bind , in other parts witkwind, 
bindweed , barebind, and ), ledge-bells . It is the peft of gar¬ 
dens and arable land, and is infinitely more deftrubtive 
than the next fpecies, becaufe that keeps to the hedges 
for the fake of climbing, whereas this wanders over 
whole fields, whence it cannot be rooted out but by re¬ 
peated ploughings in dry weather, and burning the 
roots, every atom of-which will grow as well as quich, 
its rival in creeping. The blofloms give a deep yellow 
ororange tinblure to water, which is heightened by alum 
and alkalies. 
2. Convolvulus fepium, great or hedge bindweed : 
leaves fagittate, truncate behind ; peduncles four-corner¬ 
ed, one-flowered ; with heart-fhaped bradtes, clofe to the 
flower. This fpecies is eafilydiftinguiflied from the forego¬ 
ing, by its fuperior largenefs in every part; the ftalks 
thicker and climbing higher ; the leaves three or fo*ur in¬ 
ches long, and two or three wide ; the peduncles always 
one-flow'ered, with a wide double brable or involucre clofe 
under the calyx, commonly of a dufky purple colour ; 
the corollas two inches wide, and milk white ; it flowers 
from July to September, in hedges. The infpiffated 
juice of the plant, in dofes of twenty and thirty grains, 
is a powerful draftic purge. Can it then be worth while, 
fays Dr. Withering, to import fcammony from Aleppo, 
when a medicine with the very fame properties grows 
fpontaneoufly in many of our hedges ? The fmallnefs of 
the roots, however, in our common bindweed, would 
prevent its juice from being collebted in the fame man¬ 
ner with that which flows on inciflon from the large root 
of the fcammony, and which by hardening forms that 
purgative fubftance. John Bauhin'mentions that fw'ine 
are fond of the roots, and will eat them in large quanti¬ 
ties w ithout being purged by them. 
3. Convolvulus fcanmronia, Syrian bindweed, or 
fcammony :- leaves fagittate, truncate behind; peduncles 
round, bearing about three flowers. This is very like 
the foregoing, but the leaves are not brown about the 
edge. Native of the Levant, and the woods of Cochin- 
china. The roots are three or four feet long, and from 
nine to twelve inches in circumference, covered with a 
light-grey bark, tapering, branched at bottom, apd contain¬ 
ing a milky juice. Martinelli, an apothecary of Ve¬ 
nice, travelled into Syria, in order to procure the true 
fcammony, and fent over the feeds, which w-ere fowp, 
and grew, at Padua and Antwerp. Monf. Richard, gar¬ 
dener to the king of France at Trianon and Verlaines, 
fent the feeds to Mr Miller in 1753; thefe he' lowed in 
