con 
fforefeence fcarcely vifible on account of its fmallnefs. 
Corolla : none. Piltillum : germ roundifh, very fmall; 
flyles two, fetaceous, much longer than the calyx, co¬ 
loured ; ftigmas fimple. Pericarpium : none. Seed: 
nut ovate, Icalped as it were at the bafe, but little com- 
p re lied at the tip, (lightly pointed. This genus is very 
nearly allied to carpiuus .—EJftntial Character. Male. 
Calyx : one-leafed, three-cleft, feale-form, one-flower¬ 
ed ; (lamina eight. Female. Calyx: two-leaved lace¬ 
rated ; flyles two ; nut ovate. 
Species, i. Corylus avellana, or hafel-nut tree; and 
its varieties, Corylus fylveftris, the common hafel-nut 
tree; corylus alba, the white filbert-nut tree ; corylus 
rubia, the red filbert-nut tree ; corylus grandis, the cob¬ 
nut tree; and corylus glomerata, the clufter-nnt tree. 
Specific character, ftipules lanceolate ; leaves roundilh- 
cordate from obtufe accumulate ; branchlets hairy. 
The common hafel-nut or nut-tree, is properly a-lhrub. 
The trunk is covered with a whitifli cloven bark, which 
is fmooth on the branches, frequently of a bay colour, 
and fpotted with white ; in the flioots it is fometimes 
fmooth, fometimes hairy, .afh-coloured and green, with 
white tubercles. Leaves alternate, gafh-ferrate, wrink¬ 
led, with hairs on both lides Handing out, dark green 
above, bright green beneath, on very hairy round peti¬ 
oles, half an inch in length : the midrib beneath is white 
and hairy ; from that leveral white nerves proceed ver¬ 
tically ; and between thefe is a veiny net. The male 
catkins appear in autumn, and wait for the expanlion ol 
tire female germs in the fpring. The flyles are of a bright 
red colour, long and fetaceous. The flowering branches, 
efpecially thole which bear the fertile flowers, are fet 
with fhort fine hairs terminating in globules. The cat¬ 
kins are in pairs, of a yellowifli green colour: the mid. 
die fegment of the feales pointed at the end. Antherae 
hairy. 
White and red filberts. The flirubs of thefe varieties 
grow more erebt than the common liafel, and the ftipules 
are different in fhape. Mr. Miller having found thefe 
not to vary, except in the lize and colour of the fruit, 
makes them a diftinct fpecies. The involucre is tubular, 
fi.efhy at bottom, turgid, thick, torn at top ; the nut 
ovate-oblong and large. The outer fkin of the kerne!,, 
dark red. The cob-nut has a very large round fruit. 
The clufter-nut has the fruit growing in great cluflers at 
the ends of the branches. 
The hafel, fays Swinburn, has the name avellana from 
Jrvdlino , a city of Naples, about which it is cultivated. 
It covers the whole face of the neighbouring valley, and 
in good years brings in a profit of fixty thoufand du¬ 
cats, (eleven thoufand two hundred and fifty pounds.) 
The nuts are moitly of the large round filbert, which we 
call Spardjh. They were originally imported into Italy 
from Por.tus, and known among the Romans by the ap¬ 
pellation of nux pontica, which in procefs of time was 
changed into that of nux avellana, from the place where 
they "had been propagated with the greatefl fuccefs. 
The common hafel-nut is wild in many woods and cop¬ 
pices in England, whence the fruit is gathered in plenty, 
and lent to the London markets by the country people. 
It alfo ferves very well for thickening woods ; and when 
allowed to grow, will make poles of twenty feet, but it 
is generally cut down fooner for walking (ticks, (idling 
rods, withes for fagotting, &c. for which purpofes it is 
efteemed a profitable wood. The ufes of it recited by 
Evelyn are—for poles, fpars, hoops, forks, angling-rods, 
faggots, cudgels, coals, and fprirtgS to catch birds, 
withes and bands, the chips to purify wine, hurdles and 
wattling. He might have added, crates, fpringles to 
fallen down thatch, the roots for inlaying or ftaining. 
Where yeafl is fcarce, they twill the twigs, and fteep 
them in ale during its fermentation, then hang them up 
to dry, and when they brew put them into the wort. 
2. Corylus roftrata, or American cuckold-nut tree : fti- 
ptlles lanceolate ; leaves oblong-cordate, acute ; branch- 
C O R 247 
lets fmooth ; calyxes of the fruit beaked. This is re¬ 
markable for the length of the calyx, which continues 
to cover the nut entirely even after it is ripe. Nativy 
of Virginia, in Dragon Swamps. Introduced in 1745, 
by Archibald duke of Argyle. 
3. Corylus colurna, or Conflantinople or Byzantine 
hafel-nut tree: ftipules linear, acute. ‘ The leaves in 
this are a little laciniated at top. The raceme of nuts 
is very large. The nuts themfelves are roundifh, and 
in fhape like thole of the common hafel, but more than 
twice their fize. The cups or involucres are alfo very 
large, fo as almoft to cover the nut, and are deeply cut 
at the brim. Native of Conftantinople ; whence it was 
brought to Europe firft in 1582, and again four years 
after, by David Ungnad baron in Zorneck. Clufius 
informs us, that when he left Frankfort in 1593, there 
was a fhruh there above the height of a man, which 
had not then borne fruit, nor did it hear any two years 
after, though it continued to grow and flourifh. Linnaeus 
mentions a very large tree of it in the Leyden garden, 
in 1736, fown there by Claims above a century before. 
Cultivated here in 1665, by Mr. John Rea. 
Propagation and Culture. All the forts may be propa¬ 
gated by fowing their nuts in February ; which in order 
to preflerve them good, Ihould be kept in land inamoift 
cellar, where the vermin cannot come at them to deftroy 
them, nor Ihould the external air be excluded from 
them, which would occafion their growing mouldy. 
The manner of fowing the feeds, being well known to 
every one, need not here be mentioned, efpecially fince 
it is not the fureft way to obtain the forts'delired ; for 
they feldom prove fo good as the nuts which were fown, 
or at lead not one in four of them will. The method of 
propagating them by layers is not only the lured, but 
alfo moll expeditious, and what we would recommend to 
every one who w'ould cultivate thefe trees for the fake 
of their fruits. Having the ground well plow'ed and 
harrowed, let drills be drawn one yard afunder; into 
thefe drop the nuts at about ten inches diflance, and let 
them be covered with two inches of earth. They mult 
be carefully weeded and thinned till the plants are left 
a yard afunder each way. Or they may be raifed in a 
nurfery, drawn from thence when they are from a foot 
to two feet high, and planted finally at the diflance be¬ 
fore mentioned. In twelve years they may be cut down 
for poles, but may afterwards be cut every feventh or 
eighth year. The filbert can only be kept true to its kind 
by fuckers or layers; which lad make the heft trees. In 
fame parts of Kent, plantations of filberts are much at¬ 
tended to ; the trees are never buffered to rife above fix 
feet in height, and are regularly pruned like goofeberrv- 
bulhes; they are planted at the diflance of twelve feet, 
and, when full fpread, the cup formed by the branches 
is fix feet diameter. The fpaces are cultivated with, 
hoeing crops, the vigour of the trees depending on the 
ftirring of the ground. It is the ufual mode in Kent to 
raife them in hop-grounds, where fometimes cherry, but 
more commonly apple trees are alfo planted. They 
know nothing of railing them from layers, hut do it from 
fuckers, which it is the bed way to train previoufiy in a 
nurfery. The bell foil is a ftrong- loam, with a clayey 
or marley bottom, in Kent termed coomey, whereon 
they bear greatly; the fruit is large.and fine, and not 
maggotty. An acre has fometimes been fold for 50I. 
CO / RYMB,y'.. [corymbus, Lat.j In botany, a fpecies 
of inflorefcence made up of a fpike, whilft each flower is 
furnilhed with its proper petiole or peduncle, in an ele¬ 
vated proportional fituation. In Lee’s Introduction it 
is thus expreffed : “ Corymbus is a kind of fpike, the 
flowers of which have each Its proper pedicellus, or par¬ 
tial foot-ftalk raifed to a proportional height.” In Role’s 
Elements it Hands thus : “ The corymbus, where the 
Idler ftower-ftalks of unequal lengths are produced along 
the common peduncle on both, fides, and rife to the 
lame height, fo as to forma flat or even furfa-ce at top.” 
Jierkenliout- 
