SOG 
C O U 
COURTS of UNIVERSITIES. 
Thefe are the chancellor’s courts in the two univcr- 
fities of England, Oxford and Cambridge. Which two 
learned bodies enjoy the foie jurifdibtion, in exclufion 
of the king’s courts, over all civil actions and fuits what- 
loevcr, when a fcholar or privileged perfon is one of the 
parties; excepting in inch cafes where the right of free- 
lold is concerned. And thefe, by the univerfity char¬ 
ter, they are at liberty to try and determine, either ac¬ 
cording to the common law of the land, or according to 
their own local cuftoms, at their difcretion ; which has 
generally led them to carry on their procefs in a courfe 
much conformed to the civil law. Thefe privileges were 
granted, that the (ludents might not be diftrabted from 
their ftudies by legal procefs from diftant courts, and 
other forenfic avocations. The oldeft charter, it ap¬ 
pears, containing this grant to the univerfity of Oxford, 
was 28 Hen. III. A.D. 1 24+. And the fame privileges 
were confirmed and enlarged by almoft every fucceeding 
prince, down to Henry VIII. in the fourteenth year of 
whole reign the largeft and moil extenfive charter was 
granted. One fimilar to this was afterwards granted to 
Cambridge, in the third year of queen Elizabeth. But 
yet, notwithllanding thefe charters, tire privileges granted 
therein, of proceeding in a courfe different from the law 
of the land, were of fo high a nature, that they were 
held to be invalid ; for though the king might erebt new 
courts, yet he could not alter the courfe of law by his 
letters patent. Therefore in the reign of queen Eliza¬ 
beth a flatute w r as palled, 13EUZ. c. 29. confirming all 
tire charters of the two univerfities, and thofe of i4Hen. 
VIII. and 3Eliz. byname. Which ffatute ellablifhed 
this high privilege without any doubt or oppofition. 
Hard. 504. Godb. 201. HiJl.C.L. 33. 
This privilege, fo far as it relates to civil caufes, is 
exercifed at Oxford in the chancellor’s court ; the judge 
of which is the vice-chancellor, his deputy, or affeffor. 
From his fentence an appeal lies to delegates appointed 
by the congregation; from thence to other.delegates 
of the houfe of convocation ; and if they all three 
concur in the fame fentence it is final : at lead: by the 
ftatutes of the univerfity, according to the rule of the 
civil law, (Cod. 7. 70. 1.), But, if there be any dif- 
cordance or variation in any of the three fentences, an 
appeal lies in the laft refort to judges delegates, appoint¬ 
ed by the crown under the great feal in chancery. 3 
Comm. 83-5. 1 
COURTS of WALES. 
The courts of the principality of Wales, upon the 
thorough redubtion of that kingdom, and the fettling of 
its polity in the reign of Henry VIII. were erebled all 
over the country; principally by 34 & 35 Henry VIII. 
c. 26, though much had before been done, and the way 
prepared by the ffatute of Wales, uEdw. I. and other 
ffatutes. By tire flat, of Hen. VIII. before-mentioned, 
courts baron, hundred, and county courts, are there 
effablidied as in England. A felTion isalfo to be holden 
twice in every year in each county, by judges appointed 
by the king. This feffion is to be called the great Jef. 
Jions of the feveral counties in Wales ; in which all pleas 
of real and perfonal actions fhall be held, with the fame 
form of procefs, and in as ample a manner, as in the 
courts of king’s-bench and common pleas at Weftmiu- 
ffer. Writs of error fhall lie.from judgments in this 
great feflions, it being a court of record, to the court of 
king’s-bench at Weffminfter. But the ordinary original 
writs of procefs from the king’s courts at Weffminffer, 
do not run into the principality of Wales, though procefs 
of execution does; 2 Buljl. 1 36. Raym.206. as do alfo 
prerogative writs, as writs of certiorari, quo minus, manda¬ 
mus, and the like. Cro. Jac. 484. And even in caufes 
between'fubjedt and f'ubjebl, to prevent injuffice through 
family factions or-prejudices, it is Held lawful (in cuuies 
e o u 
of freehold at leaff, and it is ufual in ail others) to bring 
an ablion in the Englifh courts, and try the fame in the 
next Englifh county, adjoining to that part of Wales 
where the caufe arifes, and wherein the venue is laid. 
But, on the other hand, to prevent trifling and frivolous 
fuits, it is enabled by 13 Geo. III. c. 51, that in perfonal 
actions, tried in any Englifh county, where the caufe of 
ablion arofe, and "the defendant refides in Wales, if the 
plaintiff fhall not recover a verdibl for ten pounds, he 
fhall be nonfuited, and pay the defendant’s cods, unlefs 
it be certified by the judge that the freehold or title 
came principally in queftion, or that the caufe was pro¬ 
per to be tried in fuch Englifh county. And if any 
tranfitory ablion, the caufe whereof arofe, and the de¬ 
fendant is reiident, in Wales, fhall be brought in any 
Englifh county, and the plaintiff fhall not recover a ver¬ 
dict for ten pounds, the plaintiff fhall be nonfuited, and 
fhall pay the defendant’s cods, deducting thereout the 
fum recovered by the verdibl. By 11 & 12 Will. III. 
c. 9. it is enabled, that fheriffs in Wales, fhall not hold 
to bail, on procefs bluing out of any of his majefty’s 
courts of record at Weffminfter, unlefs the debt be 
fworn to be twenty pounds. 
COURT'SHIP,y. The abl of Soliciting favour: 
He paid his courtjhip with the crowd. 
As far as modeft pride allow’d. Swift. 
The folicitation of a woman to marriage.—-Every man in 
the time of courtjhip, and in the firft entrance of marriage, 
puts on a behaviour like my correfpondent’s holiday fuit. 
Addifon. 
In tedious courtjhip we declare our pain, 
And ere we kindnefs find, firft meet difdain. Dryden. 
Civility ; elegance of manners : 
My courtjhip to an univerfity, 
My modelly I give to foldiers bare; 
My patience to a gamefters’s fliare. Donne. 
COURVIL'LE, a town of France, in the department 
of the Eure and Loire, and chief place of a canton, in the 
diftribt of Chateauneuf, on the Eure : leven miles weft 
of Chartres. 
COURZIEU'X, a town of France in the department 
of the Rhone and Loire : ten miles weft of Lyons. 
COUSA'NCE, a town of France, in the department 
of the Jura, and chief place of a canton, in the diftribt 
of Lons le Saunter: three leagues and a half fouth of 
Lons le Saunier. 
COU'SIN,/. \_coufin, Fr. confanguineus, Lat.] Any one 
collaterally related more remotely than a brother or filter: 
Thou art, great lord, my father’s fifter’s fon, 
And coujin german to great Priam’s feed. Shakefpeare. 
A title given by the king to a nobleman, particularly tw 
thofe of the council. 
COU'SIN, adj. Kindred : 
Her former forrow into fuddein wrath. 
Both coofen paflions of diltroubled fpright, 
Converting, forth fhe beates the dufty path. Spenjer. 
COU'SIN (John), an eminent French painter, born at 
Succy, near Sens, in the feventeenth century. He ftudied 
the fine arts fo ftrenuoufly in his youth, that he became 
profoundly learned, efpecially in the mathematics, which 
is a prodigious help to the correbtnefs of defign. He 
printed a book on this fubjebl, which has done him great 
honour, and undergone feveral impreffions. He wrote 
alfo upon geometry and perfpeblive. Painting on glafs 
being much in vogue in thofe days, he applied himfelf 
more to that than to pibtures. Several fine performances 
of his are to be feen in the churches of the neighbour¬ 
hood of Sens, and fome in Paris; particularly in St. Ger- 
vafe’s church, where, on the windows of the choir, he 
painted the martyrdom of St. Laurence, the hiftory of 
the Samaritan woman, and that of the paralytic. But 
the chief of his works, and that which is molt efte'emed, 
is 
