i- 
3 ’6 C H A 
fmall and frequent noifes ; to decrepitate.—Marrow is a 
fpecific in that fcurvy which occafions a crackling of the 
bones; in which cafe marrow performs its natural func¬ 
tion of moiftening tliem. Arbuthnot. 
Caught her diftravell’d liair and rich attire ; 
Her crown and jewels crackled in the fire. Dryden. 
CR ACK'NEL, f. A kind of brittle cake : 
Alice my love he feek with daily fate, 
His clownifh gifts and curtefies I difdain, 
His kids, his cracknels , and his early fruit. Spenfer. 
CRA'CO, a town of Italy, in the kingdom offNaples, 
and province of Bafilicatu : eight miles north-north-welt 
of Turd. 1 
CRACO'VIA, a palatinate of Poland, bounded on the 
north by Siradia, on the north-eafl by that of Sandomir, 
on the fouth by Hungary, and on the welt by Silelia. Tire 
principal towns are Cracow and Landfcron. 
CRA'COW, a city of Poland, and capital of a pala¬ 
tinate of the fame name, fituated on the Viltula, where 
it is joined by the Radawa; built by Cracus I. king of 
Poland, with fpoils taken from the Franks, and by him 
made the capital of the kingdom. The town is fur- 
rounded by walls, large, and well built; the (treets wide 
and ftraight, but badly paved. It contains feveral 
churches and convents ; on the welt fide is a fauxbourg, 
with a palace which belonged to the king, walled round : 
on the fouth fide is a royal caftle near the bank of the 
Viltula, alfo walled round, and defended with towers 
and baftions. The cathedral is not large, and rather rich 
than handfome : here was preferved a confiderable trea- 
fure in the regal jewels, the crown, the fceptre, and the 
globe, ufed at the coronation of the kings. Here they 
were crowned for near five centuries, until the laft, who 
was crowned at Warfaw ; and here they were buried. 
It is dedicated to St. Stanifiaus, the bilhop of Cracow, 
who was killed by king Bolellaus II. at the altar of a 
church, fituated on a hill, named Skal/ia, near the city. 
The day before the coronation, it was cuftomary for the 
king elect to walk to this church, as if to expiate the 
crime of his predecelfor. The univerfity of Cracow 
was formerly, and not unjultly, called the mother of 
Polifn literature. Here the art of printing in Poland 
was firlt introduced by Haller; and one of the earlieit 
books was the Conftitutions and Statutes, compiled by 
Cafimir the Great, and afterwards augmented by his fuc- 
cellbrs. The characters are Gothic, the fame which 
were univerfally ufed at the invention of printing : the 
great initial letters are wanting, which thews that they 
were probably painted and afterwards worn away. The 
year in which this compilation was printed is not pofi- 
tively known ; but its publication was certainly ante¬ 
rior to 1+96, as it does not contain the ftatutes palled by 
John Albert in that year. The moll: flourilhing period 
of the univerfity was under Sigifmond Auguftus in the 
Sixteenth century, when feveral of the German reformers 
fled from the perfecutions of the emperor Charles V. 
and found an afylum in this city. They gave to the 
world feveral verfions of the facred writings, and other 
theological publications, which ditfufed the reformed 
religion over great part of Poland. Cracow is now the • 
fee of a bilhop, eredted in the year 1000, and ranks the 
firft bilhop in that kingdom. This city was formerly 
near the center of Poland, but was in 1792 a frontier 
town : it occupies a great fpace of ground, but with its 
fuburbs united, hardly contains fixteen thoufand inhabi¬ 
tants. T. he devaltation was begun by Charles XII. 
king of Sweden, who took it at the beginning of the laft 
century, but it differed yet more feverely in the late in- 
vafions by the Ruffians and the Pruffians. Kolciufko 
drove out a Ruffian garrifon in March, 1794, but being 
called to the fupport of Warfaw, Cracow was obliged 
to furrender at difcretion to the troops of Pruffia on the 
ijth ot June following : 264 miles fouth of Koniglberg, 
C R A 
and 1 28 fouth-fouth-weft of Warfaw. Lat. 50. 15. N. 
Ion. 20. 20. E. Greenwich. 
CRA'DLE, /. [cpabel, Sax.] A moveable bed, on 
which children or lick perfons are agitated with a fmooth 
and equal motion, to make them deep..—She had In¬ 
deed, fir, a fon for her cradle, ere llie had a hufband for 
her bed. Shakejpeare. 
Me let the tender office long engage, 
To rock the cradle of repofing age ; 
With lenient arts extend a mother’s breath, 
Make languor fmile, and fmooth tire bed of death. Pope, 
It is ufed for infancy, or the firft part of life.—He knew 
them to be inclined altogether to war, and therefore 
wholly trained them up, even from their cradles, in arms 
and military exercifes. Spenfer.— With furgeons, a cafe 
for a broken bone, to keep off p re dure: with fliip- 
w rights, a frame of timber railed along the outfide of a 
fiiip by the bulge, ferving more fecurely and com- 
modioufly to help to launch her. Harris. 
To CRA'DLE, v. a. To lay in a cradle; to rock in a 
cradle.'—He that hath been cradled in majefty, will not 
leave the throne to play with beggars. Glanville. 
The tears fteal from our eyes, when in the ftreet 
With fome betrothed virgin’s herfe we meet; 
Or infant’s fun’ral, from the cheated womb 
Convey’d to earth, and cradled in a tomb. Dryden. 
To CRA'DLE, v. n. To lodge as in a cradle : 
Whither’d roots, and hulks, 
Wherein the acorn cradled. Shakejpeare. 
CRA'DLE-CLOTHES, f. Bed-clothes belonging to 
a cradle : 
O could it be prov’d 
That fome night-tripping fairy had exchang’d. 
In cradle-clothes our children, where they lay, 
And call mine Percy, his Plantagenet; 
Then would I have his Harry, and lie mine. Shakejpeare. 
CRA'DLE-SCYTHE, J. A feythe provided with a 
frame fo contrived as to lay the corn fmooth in cutting. AJh. 
CRA'DOCK (Samuel), redtor of North Cadbury in 
Somerfetlhire, was elder brother to Dr. Zachary Cra- 
dock, preacher at Gray’s Inn, and provoft of Eton col¬ 
lege. He was ejedted for nonconformity in 1662, and 
kept a private academy during the reign of Charles II. 
HisHiftory of the Old and New Teftament, his Apofto- 
lical Hiftory, and his Harmony of the Four Evangelifts, 
are his principal works. The laft was revifed by Dr. 
Tillotfon, who preferved it from the flames in the fire of 
London. Died Odtober 7, 1706, aged 86. 
CRAFT, yi [epaepr; Sax. crejt, in old Welffi.] Ma¬ 
nual art; trade.'—I hear an objedtion, even from fome 
well-meaning men, that thefe delightful crajts may be 
divers ways ill applied in a land. Wotton .—Art; ability; 
dexterity.—A poem is the work of the poet; poefy is 
his fkill or craft of making, the very fidlion itfelf of the 
work. Ben JonJon. —Fraud; cunning; artifice.—This 
gives us a full view of wonderful art and craft in railing 
luch a ltrudlure of power and iniquity. Aylijfe. 
Th’ offence is holy that the hath committed; 
And this deceit lofes the name of crajt, 
Of difobedience, or unduteous title. Shakejpeare. 
Small failing veffels, ufed either for bufinefs or nleafure. 
To CRAIT, v. n. To play tricks ; to pradtife artifice. 
Now out oj uje. 
You’ve made fair hands, 
You and your crafts ! You’ve crajted fair. Shakejpeare. 
CRA'FTILY, adv. Cunningly; artfully; with more 
art than, honefty : 
May he not crajtily infer 
The rules of friendlhip too fevere, 
Which chain him to a hated truft ; 
Which make him wretched to be juft ? Prior. 
CRAF'TINESS, 
