318 C It A 
Tinges, backbytlnges, and vain glorious crakes. Speiftr. 
—Johnfon makes this line an example of the fame fenfe 
of crack ; but the word in Spenfer mud be crakes, to 
rhyme to fnakes and brakes. Mafon. 
To CRAKE, u.iz. To utter bcaftingly.—-And further 
did uncomely fpeeches crake. Spenfer. 
To CRAKE, v. n. To boait.—Then is fhe mortall 
born, how-fo ye crake. Spe'nJ'cr. 
CR.AKE-BERRY, f. in botany. See Empetrium. 
CRAKE'NISH POINT, a cape of Scotland, on the 
weft coaft of the illand of Sky ; fix miles north-north- 
weft of Dunan Point. 
CR ALIOVAVELI'KA, a town of Sclavonia, on an 
ifland formed by a Email river, near the Save : fifty-two 
miles eaft of Carllladt, and 156 fou'th of Vienna. Lat. 
45. 44. N. Ion. 34. 13. E. Ferro. 
To CRAM, v.a. [cjiamman, Sax.] To fluff; to fill 
with more than can conveniently be held.— Cram not in 
people by lending too fall company after company ; but 
fo as the number may live well in the plantation, and not 
by furcharge be in penury. Bacon. —To fill with food be¬ 
yond fatiety.—As a man may be eating all day, and, for 
want of digeltion, is never nourilhed ; fo endlefs readers 
may cram themfelves in vain with intellectual food. 
Watts on the Mind. 
But Annins, crafty feer, 
Came cramm’d with capon from where Pollio dines. Pope. 
To thruft in by force.—In another printed paper it is 
roundly expred’ed, that lie will cram his brafs down our 
throats. Swift. 
Fate has c'rammid us all into one leafe, 
And that ev’n now expiring. Lryden. 
To CRAM, v. a. To eat beyond fatiety : 
The godly dame, who fleflily failings damns. 
Scolds with her maid, or with her chaplain c/-a?>is. Pope. 
CRAM'BE, f. [perhaps from xpcSp.£oc, dry ; on ac¬ 
count of its growing in dry places. Or rather from 
on account of its fuppofed quality of dimming 
the eye-fight.] In botany, Sea-cabbage, or Kale; a 
genus of the clafs tetradynamia, order filiquofa, natural 
order of filiquofa:, cruciformes, or cruciferae. The ge¬ 
neric characters are.—Calyx : perianthium four-leaved ; 
leaflets ovate, channelled, fonvewhat fpreading., deci¬ 
duous. Corolla: four petalied, cruciform ; petals large., 
obtufe, broad, fpreading; claws erect-fpreading, length 
of the calyx. Stamina: filaments fix, two tire length 
of the calyx; four longer, with a two-cleft tip ; anthera? 
fimple, on the exterior branch of the filaments; a mel¬ 
liferous gland between the corolla and the longer fta- 
mens on each fide. Piftillum : germ oblong; ftyle 
none; ftigrna thickifh. Pericarpium : berry dry, glo- 
bofe, one-celled, deciduous. Seed: fingle, roundifh.— 
Efaitial CharaEler. Filaments: the four-longer; two- 
cleft at the end, one only of the tips bearing an anther; 
berry dry, globofe, deciduous. 
Species. 1. Crambe maritima, or fea colewort: leaves 
and Item frnooth. The roots creep underground, where¬ 
by it propagates very faft ; the whole plant is frnooth ; 
the lower leaves are petioied, very large, and fpreading 
on the ground, variouily waved, jagged and indented, 
frnooth, glaucous, fometimes tinged with purple ; many 
Italics arife among theft, tw o feet high, fpreading and 
much branched, bearing fimilar, but leftile leaves; the 
flowers on long peduncles, white; fruit at firft ovate, 
terminated by 'the blunt ftigfna, afterwards nearly fphe- 
rical, the fize of large peafe. Found on the Tandy and 
beachy coafts of Sweden, Denmark, Britain; as at Rofe- 
beck in Low Furnefs, Lancafhire; near Megavilfey, in 
Cornwall; between Whitftable and the iile of Thanet; 
near Colchefter ; about Lyde in Kent, and elfewfiere on 
the EfTex and Kent fhores; thofe of Suffex and Dorfet- 
fhire in great plenty, and ClfeWhere: flow'ering in May 
and June. The young leaves, covered up with fund, 
C R A 
and blanched, are boiled, and eaten as a great delicacy. 
When full grown, they are faid to oecafion giddinefs. 
All forts of cattle eat them. There is one variety with 
jagged leaves, and another with yellowifh bloftoms. 
The variety called efiambe fuecica differs greatly; it 
has a perennial root, which fends out feveral oblong, 
frnooth, pointed leaves, irregularly cut on their Tides into 
acute fegments, almoft to the midrib ; thefe are very 
frnooth, and of a fea-green Colour : between tliefe arifes 
the ftalk, which grows three feet high, garnifhed below 
by oblong pointed leaves, which are acutely indented 
on their edges. The ftalks branch out into many fmaller, 
and thefe fubdivide again into lefs, which have loolc 
fpikes of white flowers, like thofe of the common fort, 
which are fucceeded by feeds of the fame form. This 
differs greatly in the ftuipe of its leaves, which are longer, 
ending in points, and the fegments do the fame ; whereas 
thofe of the other are blunt, and not half fo deeply cut. 
The ftalks rife more than twice-the -height of the firft, 
branch out more, and the branches grow more ereff ; 
and thefe differences are conftaut, where the plants of 
botli lorts grow in the fame foil. 
2. Crambe orientalis, or eaftern colewort: leaves fca- 
brous, ftem frnooth. This has a biennial root, from 
which arife many leaves in the fpring, that are alternately 
divided to the midrib ; and thefe divifions are again al¬ 
ternately cut on their edges into many points, fo that 
they have the appearance of pinnate leaves, and are of a 
greyifh colour. Stems two feet high, brandling, ter¬ 
minated by loofe panicles of finall white flowers, coming 
out in June. The feeds ripen in autumn. Native of 
the Levant. 
3. Crambe Hjfpanica, or Spanifii colewort : leaves' 
and ftem fcabrous. Root whitifli,' annual, fuftform ; 
Items very branching, angular, near three feet high. It 
flowers in June, and the feeds ripen in autumn. Native 
of Spain and Italy. 
4. Crambe tataria, or black colewort : leaves decom¬ 
pound-multifid. Root perennial, fufiform, as thick as 
the human arm, from two to four feet long, round, 
brown or black!(h on the outfide when frefh, within 
flefliy, white, with a tinge of dirty yellow, of a fvveet 
tafte ; ftem from two to three feet high, angular, up¬ 
right, frnooth, branched. It flowers about the middle 
of April, and the fruits ripen in June, but few of them 
come to maturity. Native of Hungary, Tartary,' Mora¬ 
via, and Bohemia. Firft noticed and deferibed by Clu- 
fius, who received it from Balthafar de Bathyan, for the 
botanic garden at Vienna; Jacquin procured it again 
from Hungary in 1777. The roots are eaten in a fcarcity 
of bread by the Tartars and Hungarians; the hares alfo 
are very fond of them. According to Jacquin, this is 
the crambe orientalis of Linnaeus,' and the fifth fpecies of 
Royen. 
3. Crambe fruticofa, or flirubby colewort: fhrubby ; 
leaves ovate, pinnatifid, ferrate, hoary ; racemes in a 
diflievelled dichotomous panicle. This approaches 
nearer to the character of myagrum than of crambe ; 
for the filaments are not forked, and the filicles are al- 
moft two-jointed. The two genera might be very well 
united, and this removed to the order filiculofa. Found 
by Malfon, in the higheft rocks of the illand of Madeira ; 
it flowers moft part of the year. 
6. Crambe ftrigofa, or rongh-leaVed fhrubby colewort: 
frutefeent; leaves at the bale unequal, two-eared, ftri- 
gofe. This is a rugged fhrub ; ftem ereft, round, loofely 
branched, afli-'coloured, the height of a man. Found in 
the Canary iflands by Malfon ; flowers in May and June, 
Propagation and Culture. As the firft fort generally 
grows upon fhe gravelly fhore, where the tide overflows 
it, the inhabitants obferve where the gravel is thruft up 
by the fhoots of this plant, open it, and cut the (hoots 
before they come out, and are expofed to the open air, 
whereby the fhoots appear as if they were blanched ; 
and when they are cut fo young, they are very tender 
