320 
C R A 
better known by his tranflation of Chryfoftom, he was 
appointed, in 1750, preacher to the court at Quedlin- 
burg. About this period Klopftock, who had obtained 
the patronage and proteiftion of the celebrated count 
Bernftorff, the Danifh minifier, introduced him to that 
friend of genius; and in 1754 he was invited to Copen¬ 
hagen to be chaplain to the court. In this fituation, 
where he had a better field for difplaying his oratorical 
talents, Frederic V. treated him with great refpecf, and 
the integrity of his condiuSt, and the benevolence of his 
difpofition, gained him univerfal efteem : Denmark be¬ 
came his fecond country, and he was there diffinguifhed 
by the appellation of (hr eyegoode, the thoroughly good. 
In 1765 he was appointed profeffor of theology in the 
univerlity of Copenhagen, in which, as well as in that of 
Kiel, a fund was eftablilhed, through his means, for the 
fupport of the widows of the profelfors. The well-known 
revolution which took place in Denmark, when Struen- 
fee was difgraced, involved him in great trouble ; he 
loft his office of chaplain to the court, for a reafon fimi- 
Iar to that which drove Chryfoftom into banifhment; 
and in confeauence of this misfortune he retired, in the 
year 1771, to Lubec. In 1774 he again entered into the 
Danifh l'ervice, being appointed profelfor of theology in 
the univerlity of Kiel, and preacher in the caftle church. 
By the exertions he made for promoting the interefts of 
the univerlity, its funds were conliderably'augmented, 
and the library was increafed by the purchale of Wolfe’s 
collection, which confided of more than fourteen thoufand 
volumes: This aftive and ufefuf man died on the 12th 
of June, 1788, at the age of fixty-fix. Cramer wrote 
with great facility, and read with .equal rapidity. He 
employed every moment of his time, and frequently read 
or ftudied while travelling. His memory was fo reten¬ 
tive, that he remembered every thing he heard in how¬ 
ever curfory a manner. He was endowed with many of 
thofe gifts of the head and heart by which writers ac¬ 
quire celebrity. In his tranllation of the Pfalms, he has 
been remarkably fortunate in catching the true fpirit of 
the oriental poetry ; and he has expreffed the meaning 
of the facred originals with more force and truth than 
Rouffeau, and many of his predecelTors. The fame ani¬ 
mation, the fame ardour, and the fame elevation, united 
with great boldnefs of metaphor and imagery, are dif- 
played in his lyric poems. His two odes, David and 
Luther, are, in particular edeemcd ; the former for its 
loftinefs and fublimity, and the latter for its bold and 
patriotic ideas. If he is fometimes-deficient in that fpi¬ 
rit by which the odes of Klopllock and Ramler are fo 
much diftinguilfied, this fault is fully compenfated by 
the excellence of his verfification and the eaiinefs of his 
rhyme. In regard to the latter property, he is equalled 
by few of the German poets. 
CRAM'LOW, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of 
Cracow : thirty-two miles north-weft ot Cracow. 
CRA'MOND, or Caeramon, a city on the river 
Amon, a very ancient town, four miles weft of Edin¬ 
burgh ; once a famous naval Ration of the Romans. It 
is fituated at the influx of the river Amon into the Forth. 
Three Roman roads meet at this place, which was called 
by them Alaterva, and whither they brought their grain 
for the fupport of their troops. Here are the remains of 
a bath and fudatory; and many Roman altars, medals, 
&c. have been dug up. In'1544, the armament fitted 
out againft Scotland by Henry VIII. was landed at this 
place, to take vengeance on the Scots, becaufe Mary of 
Lorraine had refilled the propofal of a match between 
her daughter i\Iary, afterward queen of Scotland, and 
prince Henry. 
CRAMP, f. [ krampe , Dut. crampe, Fr.] A fpafm or 
contradlion of the limbs, generally removed by warmth 
and rubbing. See Medicine.— -The .cramp Cometh of 
contradiion of finews; which is manifeft, in that it cometh 
either by cold ordrynefs. Bacon .—A reftriction; confine¬ 
ment ; obftrudtion; lhackle.—A narrow fortune is a cramp 
2 
C R A 
to a great mind, and lays a man under incapacities of 
ferving his friend. L'EJlrange. —A piece of iron bent at 
each end, by which two bodies are held together, ufually 
called a cramp-iron. —To the uppermoft of thefe there 
111ouId be fattened a fbarp grapple, or cramp of iron, 
which may be apt to take hold of any place where it 
lights. Wilkins. 
CRAMP, adj. Difficult; knotty : a low term. 
To CRAMP, v. a. To pain with cramps or twitches: 
When the contradted limbs were cramp'd, ev’n then 
A waterifn humour fwell’d, and ooz’d again. JDrydcn. 
To reftrain; to confine; to obftrudf ; to hinder.—He 
who ferves has ftili Teftraints of dread upon his fpirits, 
which, even in the midft of adtion, cramps and ties up his - 
activity. South. 
No more 
Th.’ expanfive atmofphere is cramp'd with cold, 
But full of life and vivifying foul. Thomfon. 
CRAMP'FISH, f. The torpedo, which benumbs the 
hands of thofe that touch it. See Raja. 
CRAMP'IRON, f. See Cramp. 
CRA'NACH, a river of Germany, in thd circle of 
Franconia, which runs into the Rotach, near Crortach. 
CRA'NAGE, f. [cranagium , low Lat.] A liberty to 
ufe a crane for drawing up wares from the veffels, at any 
creek of the fea or wharf, unto the land, and to make 
profit of it. It fignifies alfo the money paid and taken 
lor the fame. Cowell. 
CRAN'BERRY, f. in botany. See Vaccinium. 
CRAN'BERRY, a thriving town of the American 
States, in Middlefex county, New Jerfey, nine miles eafi 
of Princeton, and fixteen fouth-fouth-weft of Brunfwick. 
11 contains a handfome church, and a variety of manu- 
fadlories are carried on by its induftrious inhabitants. 
The ftage from New York to Philadelphia palfes through 
Amboy, this town, and thence to Bordentown. 
CRAN'BERRY ISLANDS, on the coaft of the dif- 
tridf of Maine. See Mount Desert Island, 
CRAN'BORNE, an ancient town in the county of 
Dorfet, on the borders of Wilts and Hants, diftant from 
Salilbury twelve miles, Wimborne ten, and ninety-eight 
from London. It has two fairs in a year, viz. Auguft 24, 
and December 6 ; market on Thurfdays, The town is 
divided into three liberties, viz. the Priory, the Tithing, 
and Borough. The principal officers are a conftablc, 
bailiff of the borough, and tithing-man of the priory. 
The town is well watered, and pleafantly fituated in a 
healthy fporting country, near a chace which extends al- 
rnoft as far as Salilbury. It is the largeft parifii in the 
county, being forty miles in circuit, and twelve miles in 
length. It fullered by a fire on October 14, 1748, to the 
amount of 2607I. Part of the ancient caftle remains a 
little weft of the church. On the caftle-hill, a little fouth 
of the town, is a circular fortification, in the area of which 
is a well. On the downs, near it, are feveral barrows. 
The church, which is fituated in the weft end of the 
town, was the priory-church, and is the oldeft in the 
county, as well as one of the largeft ; the tower is eighty 
feet high, and eighteen fquare. The chace has been Inch 
by prelcription ; it never was a foreft. The river from 
hence joins the Stour, on the borders of Hampfhire. 
About two miles from Cranborne is St. Giles’s, the no¬ 
ble feat of the earl of Shaftelbiiry. 
CRAN'BROOK, the principal town in the Weald of 
Kent; with a market on Saturdays ; and two fairs, one 
May 30, for cattle and pedlars ware, the other Septem¬ 
ber 29 and 30, for cattle, hops, &c. The town lies on 
the fouth fide of the county, in the bailiwick of the fe- 
ven hundreds, and lath of Scray. The parifti is in the 
deanery of Charing, and diocefe of Canterbury. Here is 
a free grammar-lchool, endowed by charter from queen 
Elizabeth. The fchool-houfe is fpacious, neat, and con¬ 
venient. The church is a beautiful edifice, dedicated to 
