323 
C R A 
axis E. A perfon walking on this plane, and preffiog 
againfi the lever B, throws off the gripe D, by means 
of an iron rod C ; and thus admits the plane and its axis 
to move freely, and raife the weight G, by the coiling 
of the rope F round the axis E. To demonfirate more 
clearly the conflru&ion and adlion of the lever and gripe, 
a plan of the circular inclined plane, with the lever and 
gripe, is added at the bottom, where B reprefents the 
lever, D the fpring or gripe. In this plan, when the 
lever B is in the fituation it now appears, the fpring or 
gripe D preffes againfi the periphery of the plane, as 
fliewn by the double line, and the machine cannot 
move; but when the lever B is prefTed out to the dotted 
line H, the gripe is alfo thrown off to the dotted line I, 
and the whole machine left at liberty to move. One end 
of a rope, or cord, of a proper length, is fixed near the 
end of the lever B, and the other end made fafi to one 
of the uprights, ferving to prevent the lever from moving 
too far, when prefled by the man. 
A premium of twenty guineas has been awarded by 
the above-mentioned fociety, to Mr. Johnfon of Scarbo¬ 
rough, for the invention of a crane for delivering the 
weight in any given fituation within the compafs of the 
gib or fufpending beam ; fuch as large Hones into their 
defiined places, in building piers, &c. which is effected 
by a block moving on friction wheels, on a double gib 
or fufpending beam, inftead of being fixed to the outer 
end of a fingle one ; fo as to bring the weight, when 
fufpended, toward the center, and thereby preventing 
much labour of removal from the place where it might 
have been dropped from the end of the common crane. 
A Crane, in hieroglyphics, reprefents democracy. It 
is faid, that when cranes fly together, they reprefent the 
Greek A ; and from this their form of flight in company, 
Palamedes took the letter A. A Crane is a fymbol of 
vigilance ; and, for that reafon, in feveral countries placed 
on the tops of their corps de gardes. 
CRANE’s-BILL, f. A pair of pincers terminating in 
a point, ufed by furgeons. 
CRANE’s-BILL, f. in botany. See Erodium, Ge¬ 
ranium, and Pelargonium. 
CRANE-LINE, f. (a featerm.) One of the fmall 
ropes that ferve to keep the fpritfail topmafi Heady in its 
place, and to Hrengthen it. AJh. 
CRA'NENBURG, a town of Germany, in the circle 
of Weflphalia, and duchy of Cleves, formerly imperial, 
and furrounded with walls in 1414. It contains one ca¬ 
tholic and one protefiant church. This town was granted 
to a phy fician for the term of his life, for having recovered 
the elector Frederic William from a difeafe likely to 
prove mortal. It is three miles wefi of Cleves. 
CRA'NEY, a fmall ifland of the American States, on 
the fouth fide of James river, in Virginia, at the mouth 
®f Elizabeth river, and five miles fouth-wefi of Fort 
George, on Point Comfort. It commands the entrance 
of both rivers. 
CRANGANO'RE, a town of India, in the country of 
Cochin, fituated on the coafi of Malabar, with an irre¬ 
gular fortrefs, built by the Portuguefe ; from whom it 
was taken by the Dutch, in 1662. The Dutch fold it in 
1789 to the rajah of Travancore, which caufed the war 
which broke out in May 1790, between the Englilh and 
Tippoo Sultan, king of the Myfore, who difputed the 
right of the Dutch to difpofe of it. It is fifty-eight miles 
fouth-fouth-eafi of Calicut. Lat. 10.23. N. Ion. 75. 5S. 
E. Greenwich. 
CRA'NICHIS,y. [from xfavoi;, a helmet.] In botany, 
a genus of the clafs gynandria, order diandria, natural 
order of orchideae. The generic charadfers are—Calyx : 
fpathes wandering ; perianthium none. Corolla: petals 
five, oblong, fubhorizontal; the three outer (or two 
upper lateral, and one anterior) ovate-lanceolate, equal, 
fpreading ; the two inner anterior fcarcely fmaller, more 
fiender, ovate-lanceolate, ere£t : nedtary or upper petal 
(between the outer fuperior petals) galeate or vaulted, 
C R A 
eredl, ovate, gibbous, Hightly keeled, entire at the tip, 
often bifid at the bafe, dotted within, covering and em¬ 
bracing the genitals behind. Stamina : antherae two or 
four, pedicelled, placed on the apex of the Hyle, turned 
towards the helmet ; with an upright two-celled lid, 
fafiened to the column of the Hyle in front ; they are 
covered at the back. Pifiillum : germ obovate, ob¬ 
lique, inferior ; Hyle ar> eredt column, fhorter than the 
helmet, dilated at the tip, obtufe, bearing the Hamens 
at the back ; fiigma funnel-form between the column of 
the Hyle and the lid of the Hamens. Pericarpium : cap- 
fule oblong or obovate, attenuated at the bafe, three- 
cornered, three-keeled, one-celled, opening under the 
ribs, cohering at the tip and bafe. Seeds: numerous, 
very fmall, like fand or faw-duH, affixed to a columnar 
receptacle.— EJfential CharaEler. Nedtary galeated. 
Species. 1. Cranichis aphylla : bulbs in bundles, co¬ 
lumnar, acute ; fcape almoH naked ; petals converging. 
2. Cranichis oligantha : bulbs in bundles, club-Ihaped ; 
leaves petioled, oblong, acuminate, Aiming; fcape almofi 
naked; fpike filiform ; petals converging. 3. Cranichis 
diphylla : bulbs in bundles, filiform, naked ; leaves pe« 
tided, cordate, acuminate, twin; fcape alinofi naked. 
4. Cranichis Hachyodes: bulbs in bundles, columnar, 
obtufe ; leaves petioled, ovate, acuminate; fcape fhe 3 th- 
ed ; fpike columnar; petals revolute. 5. Cranichis muf- 
cofa: bulbs filiform, in bundles, tomentofe; root-leaves 
petioled, ovate; Hem-leaves fheathed; nedtary dotted 
within. All thefe are natives of Jamaica. 
CRANIOLA'RIA,y [v-gemo^, a fkull; from the figure 
of the feed-veflel.] In botany, a genus of the clafs didy- 
namia, order angiofpermia, natural order of perfonatae. 
The generic charadters are—Calyx : perianthium inferior 
four-leaved; leaflets linear, fliort, fpreading, permanent; 
perianthium fuperior ovate, inflated, large, cut length- 
wife on one fide. Corolla: one-petalled, unequal; tube 
very long, very narrow ; border flat, two-lipped ; upper 
lip entire, roundifli, like the other divifions, but larger; 
lower lip three-cleft; divifions roundifli ; the middle one 
wider. Stamina: filaments four, length of the tube of 
the corolla, of which two are fomewhat fliorter; antherae 
Ample. Pifiillum: germ ovate; Hyle thread-form, length 
of the tube of the corolla ; fiigma thickifli, obtufe. Pe¬ 
ricarpium : coriaceous, ovate, fharp on both tides, two- 
valved. Seed : nut woody, depreffed, Hiarpened on both 
fides, with a bent two-parted point, marked on each fide 
with three-toothed furrows, (of the figure of a quadru¬ 
ped’s fkull,) two-cleft on the fides. This genus is nearly 
allied to Martynia, but the corolla is more equal.—. 
EJfential CharaEler. Calyx, double of the flower ; perian¬ 
thium four-leaved; fpathe one-leafed: corolla, tube very 
long ; capfule of Martynia. 
There is but one fpecies, Craniolaria annua, called 
fometimes Martynia craniolaria : leaves cordate, angled ; 
outer calyx two-leaved. It is an annual plant, two feet 
high; the whole of it villofe and extremely vilcid, from 
a fingle and very fliort trunk divided into dichotomous 
round thick branches, procumbent at the bafe, but above 
the middle eredt, diffufed. Leaves large, oppofite, half 
five-lobed; the lobes fubovate, repand-toothed, acute; 
petiole reddifh, hairy, dividing at the end, and border¬ 
ing the leaf on each fide at the bafe. Racemes Ample, 
loofe, upright, near a foot in length, and containing 
about ten flowers, in all the divifions of the Hem, accom¬ 
panied by a folitary one-flowered peduncle ; other fliorter 
irregular racemes terminate all the branchlets, and fpring 
from the axils of fome leaves. Flowers handfome, but 
without feent, hirfute. Calyx green. Corolla white, with 
three large dark purple fpots at the bottom of the throat. 
There is a very fliort rudiment of a fifth filament under 
the divifion of the upper lip. Pericarpium at firfi green, 
but yellow when ripe. Nut black, abiding fome days 
after the pericarpium has fallen, not opening, or even 
feparable with confiderable force, though it appears to 
be four-valved. The proper peduncles are supported 
by 
