e r a 
and Is called Pawtuxet, from the river, on both fides of 
whofe mouth it Hands, and over which is a bridge, con¬ 
necting the two parts of the town. It makes a beauti¬ 
ful appearance from the river; and by the cenfus of 
1796, contained 1877 inhabitants. 
CRANTA'RA,yi among the ancient Britons, a fignal 
ufed for colle&ing the diftant and fcattered warriors to 
the ftandard of their chief. A prince having occafion 
for the alfiftance of his followers to repel fome fudden 
invafion, or for fome expedition, belides flriking the 
fliield and founding the horn, he fent the crantara, or 
flick burnt at the end and dipped in the blood of a goat, 
by a fwift meflenger, to the neared hamlet, where he de¬ 
livered it without faying any thing but the name of the 
place of rendezvous. This was well underflood to de¬ 
nounce deftruftion by fire and fword to all who did not 
obey this fummons; and, being carried from village to 
village, the prince in a little time found himfelf fur- 
rounded by his warriors. 
CRAN'TOR, a Greek philofopher and poet, born at 
Solos in Cilicia. He left his native country where he 
was admired; went to Athens, and there fludied with 
Polemon under Xenocrates. He was confidered as one 
of the chief fupporters of the Platonic fed ; and was 
the firft who wrote commentaries upon Plato’s works. 
He flotirifhed 270 years before Chrid. 
CRANTS, f. [Dan.] A chaplet.—Yet here fhe is 
allowed her virgin crants. Ska/ufpeare. 
CRANT'ZIA, f. In botany. See Tricera. 
CRANTZ'PERG, a town and cadle of Germany, in 
the circle of Bavaria : lixteen miles north-north-ead of 
Munich. 
CRAN'ZIA,/: [fo named by Schreber in honour of 
Joa. Nepom. Crantz or Cranz, profedbr of materia ntedi- 
ca, &c. at Vienna, author of Stirpes Audriacae, &c.] 
In botany, a genus of the clafs pentandria, order mono- 
gynia. The generic charafters are—Calyx: perianthium 
five-parted, fmall, permanent; parts ovate, acute, con¬ 
cave, fpreading. Corolla: petals five, oblong, fefiile, 
erebt, bluntifh, channelled, vaulted at top, keeled behind 
the tip, flirivelling. Stamina: filaments five, broader 
at the bale, three-fided, Tubulate at the tip, erect, oppo- 
fite to, and longer than, the petals ; anther® roundidi, 
incumbent. Pidillum : germ fubglobular, five-lobed ; 
each lobe fcored with a longitudinal groove ; dyle cylin- 
dric, thicker in the middle, grooved longitudinally, 
fcarcely longer than the germ ; digrna three-lobed, ob- 
tufe, truncate, capitate. Pericarpium : berry angular- 
globofe, acuminate, dotted on the outfide, one-celled ; 
(five-celled, according to Jufiieu.) Seeds: three to 
nine, kidney-form, oblong, full of pits. The berry is 
commonly obfcurely three-lided, and contains three 
feeds, according to Rdieede; Burmann obferved five, 
and Schreber about ten, feeds ; we may conclude there¬ 
fore that the number varies.— EJfential CharaEler. Calyx : 
five-parted ; petals five ; nebtary none ; berry or berried 
capfule. 
A fingle fpecies, Cranzia aculeata. It is a prickly 
fhrub. Leaves ternate, with pellucid dots ; flowers pa- 
nicled, axillary ; fruit dotted, like the orange. Native 
of the Ead Indies. Obferved by Comnterfon in the 
iflar.d of Bourbon. 
CRA'ON, a town of France, and principal place of a 
diftribt, in the department of the Mayenne, near the ri¬ 
ver Oudon : three leagues wed of Chateau Gontier, 
and five fouth of Laval. Lat. 47. 51. N. Ion. 16. 43. E. 
Ferro. 
CRAON'NE, a town of France, in the department of 
the Aifne, and chief place of a canton, in the didrict of 
Laon : ten miles fouth-ead of Laon. 
CRA'PAK, a long chain of mountains between Po¬ 
land, Hungary, and Tranfiivania. 
C RAPE, j. \_crtpa, low Latin.] A light tranfparent 
dud, in manner of gauze, made of raw filk gummed and 
twitted on the mill 3 woven without eroding, and much 
C R A 327 
ufed in mourning. Crapes are either black, or white. 
The filk dedined for the fird is more twided than that 
for the fecond; it being the greater or lefs degree of 
twiding, efpecially of the warp, which produces the 
crifping given it when taken out of the loom, deeped in 
clear water, and rubbed with a piece of wax for the 
purpofe. Crapes are all dyed raw : the invention of 
this article is faid to have come originally from Bologna. 
’Tis from high life high characters are drawn; 
A faint in crape is twice a faint in lawn. Pope. 
CRAPI'NO, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of Na¬ 
ples : twenty miles wed of Viede. 
CRA'PLE, f. A hooked claw ; any thing to creep 
with. 
CRAPON'NE, a town of France, in the department 
of the Upper Loire, and chief place of a canton, in the 
didrict of Puy-en-Velay : fix leagues north of Le Puy. 
CRA'PULENCE, /. [ crapula , afurfeit, Lat.] Drunk- 
ennefs ; ficknefs by intemperance. 
CRA'PULOUS, adj. \_crapulofus, Lat.] Drunken ; in¬ 
temperate ; ficlc with intemperance. 
CRARE, f. [called crayer , dat. 2 Jac. I. c. 32.] A 
fmall carack: 
O melancholy ! 
Who ever yet could found thy bottom; find 
The ooze, to (hew what coad thy lluggidi crare 
Might ealilied harbour in. Shakefptare. 
Let him venture 
In fome decayed crare of his own. Beaum. and Fletch. 
To CRASH, v. n. [a word probably formed from the 
thing.] To make a loud complicated noife, as of many 
things falling or breaking at once.—There dtall be a 
great crafhing from the hills. Zepk. i. 10. 
When earthquakes cleave the lab’ring earth. 
Before the difmal yawn appears, the ground 
Trembles and heaves, the nodding houfes crajli. Smith . 
To CRASH, v. a. To break or bruife.—My mader is 
the great rich Capulet; and if you be not of the houfe 
of Montague, I pray you come and crajli a cup of wine 
Shakejpeare .—Mr. Warburton has it, crujh a cup of wine. 
To crajh, fays Hanmer, is to be merry ; a crajh being a 
word dill ufed in fome counties for a merry bout. It is 
furely better to read crack. Johnfon. See Crack. 
CRASH, J. A loud fudden mixed found, as of many 
things broken at the fame time.—Moralizing fat I by 
the hazard-table: I looked upon the uncertainty of 
riches, the decay of beauty, and the crajh of worlds, 
with as much contempt as ever Plato did. Pope. 
CRA'SHAW (Richard), an admired Englifli poet, 
fon of William Crafhaw, an eminent divine, and' edu¬ 
cated at the Charter-houfe fchool, London. He was 
then fent to Pembroke hall in Cambridge, and was after¬ 
wards of Peter-houfe, where he was fellow ; in both 
which colleges he was didinguiflred for his Latin and 
Englifh poetry. Afterwards he was ejected from his 
fellowfhip, together with many others, for denying the 
covenant in the time of the rebellion; and he changed 
his religion to that of the church of Rome ; not con¬ 
verted, but rather, as Pope fays, outwitted. He went to 
Paris, in hopes of recommending himfelf to fome pre¬ 
ferment there ; but being a mere Icholar, was.incapable of 
executing the new plan he had formed to himfelf. He fell 
into great diftrefs, which Cowley the poet hearing of, in 
1646, very kindly fought him out, gave him all the af- 
filtance he could, and at latt got him recommended to 
Henrietta Maria queen of England, then redding at 
Paris. Obtaining from her letters of recommendation, 
he travelled into Italy ; and by virtue of thofe letters, 
became fecretary to a cardinal at Rome, and was made 
one of the canons or chaplains of the rich church of our 
Lady at Loretto, where he died, and was buried, about 
1650. Before he left England^ he wrote the poems, inti¬ 
tuled; 
