S23 
C R A 
tuled, Steps to the Temple ; to tliefe are joined other 
poems called The Delights of the Mufes, wherein are 
feveral Latin poems. He has alfo written Carmen Deo 
nojtro, being hymns and other facred poems addrelfed to 
the countefs of Denbigh. He was excellent in five lan¬ 
guages befides his mother tongue, namely, Hebrew, 
Greek, Latin, Italian, and Spanifh. 
CRA'6IS,y: [y.gairi$, from y.epcivuvpi, to mix.] Mix¬ 
ture; temperature; conftitution arifing from the various 
properties of humours.—A man may be naturally in¬ 
clined to pride, luff, and anger ; as thefe inclinations are 
founded in a peculiar crajis and conffitution of the blood 
and fpirits. Soutk. 
CRASPE'DIA, f [from xpcurireS'ov, a fringe.] In 
botany, a genus of the clafs fyngenefia, order polygamia 
fegregata. The generic characters are—Calyx : common 
imbricate; florets in a few depreffed bundles; peri- 
anthium partial none. Corolla: compound tubular; 
corollets hermaphrodite. Stamina: filaments five; an¬ 
ther cylindric. Pericarpium: none. Seeds: with a 
feathered down. Receptaculum : chaffy.— EJfentialCha¬ 
racter. Calycle none ; calyx imbricate ; florets in de¬ 
preffed bundles, all hermaphrodite, tubular; down fea¬ 
thered ; receptaculum chaffy. 
There is only one known Ipecies, which is called Craf- 
pedia uniflora; a native of New Zealand, difcovered at 
Charlotte Sound, in November 1774. 
CRAS'PEDON, [from xpepua, to hang down.] A 
diforder of the uvula, when it is relaxed, and hangs 
down in a thin long membrane. 
CRASS, adj. \crajfus, Lat.] Grofs ; coarfe ; not thin; 
not comminuted ; not fubtle ; not confiding of fmall 
parts.—Iron, in aquafortis, will fall-into ebullition, 
with noife and emication ; as alfo a crafs and fumid ex¬ 
halation, caufedfrom the combat of the fulphur of iron 
with the acid ( and nitrous fpirits of aquafortis. Brown. 
CRASSAMEN'TUM,/. [from crafus, thick.] The 
thick and weighty part of the blood, confiding of its 
red globules; in the due proportion of which confids 
the health and life of man. 
CRASSI'N A,/! in botany. See Zinnia. 
CRAS'SITUDE, or Crassity,^. [ crajjitudo , Lat.] 
Groffnefs ; coarfenefs ; thicknefs.—They mud be but 
thin, as a leaf, or a piece of paper or parchment; for, 
if they have a greater crajfitude , they will alter in their 
own body, though they fpend not. Bacon. 
CRAS'SO (Lawrence), baron of Pianura, known in 
the republic of letters by his hiffory of the Greek poets, 
publilhed in 1678 under the title of ljtoria de' Poeti Grceci 
e di quei cke’n Gracca Lingua han poetato. Napoli. This work 
was highly commended by the Italians, and as much de¬ 
preciated by the French. He took the principal part of 
his accounts from the Dialogues of Giraldus, and the Pi- 
nacotheca of James Nidus Erythraeus. He publilhed 
alfo the Eulogiums of the Literati of Venice, in two 
volumes, quarto, 1666. 
CR AS'SULA,y. [fo named from the thicknefs of the 
leaves.] In botany, the Lesser Orpine ; a genus of the 
clafs pentandria, order pentagynia, natural order fuccu- 
lentse. The generic characters are—Calyx: perianthium 
one-leafed, five-cleft, divifions lanceolate, channelled- 
concave, ereft, acute, converging into a tube, perma¬ 
nent. Corolla: petals five ; claws long, linear, firaight, 
converging, connected at the bafe with the ovate braCtes 
at the border, reflex-expanding; neftaries five, each 
with a very fmall emarginate fcale, annexed outwardly 
to the bafe of the germ. Stamina: filaments five, fubu- 
late, length of the tube, inferted into the claws of the 
corolla ; antherae Ample. Pidillum : germs five, oblong, 
acuminate, ending in fubulate flyles the length of the 
itamens; ftigmas obtufe. Pericarpium: caplules five, 
oblong, acuminate, draight, comprelfed, gaping inwards 
lengthwife. Seeds : many, fmall ; allied to fedum, but 
^differing in the number of damens.— EJJential Character. 
-Calyx, one-leafed, five-cleft; petals five j neCtareous 
C R A 
fcales five at the bafe of the germ ; capfules five, manv 
feeded. 
Species. I. Shrubby. 1. Craffula coccinea, or fcarlet- 
flowered crafllila: leaves ovate, plane, cartilaginous-ci- 
liate, cornate-lheathing at the bafe. Stem reddifh, joint¬ 
ed, about three feet high, dividing at the top into many 
irregular branches ; flowers at the ends of the branches., 
in clofe umbels ; corolla funnel-fhaped, eredt, with a 
pretty long tube cut at the top into five parts, of a fine 
fcarlet colour; leaves fo clofely oppofite, as to appear 
to be in four rows. It flowers in July or Augud. 
2. Craffula cymofa, or cyme-bearing craffula : leaves 
linear, cartilaginous-ciliate, connate - flieathing ; deni 
fhrubby ; cyme terminating. Stems a fpan high, eredt, 
fmooth, annual; roots perennial; leaves oppofite, fmooth, 
cartilaginous-fcaly about the edge. 
3. Craffula flava, or yellow-flowered craffula : leaves 
plane, connate-perfoliate, even; flowers corymb-pani- 
cled. Stem eredt, like that of craffula coccinea, perfo¬ 
liate, but the leaves not ciliate ; flowers fafcicled, but 
each pedicelled ; petals yellow, eredt. 
4. Craffula pruinofa, or froded-leaved craffula : leaves 
fubulate, froded-fcabrous ; flowers coryntbed ; flem 
fhrubby. A fhrub of a foot in height, dichotomous, the 
fmall branches round, blood-red, covered as is the whole 
plant with the refembiance of a crydalline hoar-frod. 
5. Craffula fcabra, or rugged craffula: leaves oppo¬ 
fite, fpreading, connate, fcabrous, ciliate ; flem fcabrous 
backward. Stem weak, fucculent, about a foot and a 
half high, dividing at the top into fmall branches; it is 
reddifh green, with age becoming of a chefnut colour; 
leaves thick, fucculent; the flem and leaves are every 
where rough with whitifh bubbles ; the corolla is [o 
deeply divided, as to leave a doubt whether it be mo. 
nopetalous or pentapetalous. It flowers in June and Ju¬ 
ly ; cultivated by Dr. Sherard at Eltham, between 1724 
and 1732. About the fame time in the Chelfea garden. 
6. Craffula perfoliata, or perfoliate craffula: leaves 
lanceolate, feffile, connate, channelled. This rifes with 
an upright flem, ten or twelve feet high, if it be not 
broken or injured; but it requires fupport, the flems 
being flender, and the leaves very weighty. The latter 
are about three inches long, thick, fucculent, pale green, 
acute, hollowed above, and having a convex ridge be¬ 
neath ;, flowers terminating in large duffers, of a w.hitiflt 
herbaceous colour, with fhort tubes, and the brim cut 
into five parts; the flower-dalk is thick and fucculent, 
generally turning fird downwards, then upwards again, 
almoff in form of a fyphon. It flowers in July, but does 
not produce feeds here. 
7. Craffula fruticulofa : leaves oppofite, fubulate, 
acute, fpreading, fomewhat recurved ; flem fhrubby. 
The ffature of this approaches to that of craffula tetra- 
gona, but it differs in having the flem only a foot high, 
(not three or four feet,) eredt, green, not reddifh. 
8. Craffula tetragona, or fquare-leaved craffula: leaves 
fubulate, fomewhat incurved obfcurely, four-cornered, 
fpreading; flem eredt, arborefcent, rooting. Leaves 
the thicknefs of a goofe-quill. Introduced in 1714, by 
Richard Bradley, profeffor of botany at Cambridge. 
9. Craffula ramofa, or branching craffula: leaves fu¬ 
bulate, plane above, connate perfoliate, even, fpreading 
•very much; peduncles elongated; flowers cymed. Root 
perennial ; flem frutefcent, filiform, branched at the 
bottom, leafy, fmooth, a foot high. It flowers in July 
and Augud. 
10. Craffula obvallata, or embattled craffula: leaves 
oppofite, fublanceolate, cultrate, approximating. This 
refembles very much the next fpecies, and is very nearly 
allied to the thicker ones on account of the flowers, the 
petals of which are white and fpatulate, awned at the 
top wfith a globe, as in the cultrata, and never unfold¬ 
ing ; but it differs in having a fhorter flem, only a palm 
in height, and fpreading ; leaves twice as long and larger, 
not at ail contracted at 'the bafe, more oppofite ami 
.crowded. 
