C R A 
6*. Craflula cefpitofa, or turfy craflula: leaves glo- 
bofe-ovate, imbricate four ways; cyme three-flowered ; 
flowers feflile. This is a thick annual plant, fcarcely 
three lines in height; item red; leaves feflile, green with 
a red dot at the end, becoming red by age. It is almoft: 
always deficient in one-fifth part of the fructification ; 
and differs from craflula rubens in having globofe-ovate 
leaves, imbricate in four rows. Common near "Madrid; 
flowering in March. 
64. Craffula umbclla, or umbelled craflula: leaves 
roundifh, perfoliate; racemes axillary and terminating; 
tipper peduncles in whorls. Root perennial. The whole 
of this plant is fmooth ; (1cm one or two, annual, round, 
flelhy, the fize of a quill, a fpan high, upright, fubpel- 
lucid, almoft upright, pale flefh-colour, fliining, undi¬ 
vided. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 
■Propagation and Culture. All the hardy forts are pro¬ 
pagated by cuttings during any of the fumraer months; 
they fliould be cut off about a fortnight before they are 
planted, apd laid in a dry place that the wounded part 
may heal over; then they fhould be each planted in 
a fmall pot filled with light fandy earth, and plunged 
into a moderate hot-bed, giving them but little water. 
In about fix weeks thefe will have put out roots and be¬ 
gin to grow, when they fliould have a large (hare of air 
admitted to them, and muff: be gradually inured to bear 
the open air, into which they fhould be removed, placing 
them in a flieltcred fituation, where they may remain till 
autumn; when they mud be removed into a dry airy 
glafs-cafe, Where they may enjoy the fun as much as pof. 
fible, and be fcreened from the w.epand cold. In warm 
dry weather, during the Cummer months while they are 
abroad, thefe plants fliould be gently watered two or 
three times a-week; but in winter they fhould have very 
little water, left it rot their ftems. Thefe plants require 
no artificial heat in winter, but they muff; be fecured 
from froft and wet. In general, the hardy forts of craf¬ 
fula may be treated in the fame way as the ficoides, or 
mefembryanthemums, and other hardier kinds of fuccu- 
lent plants, with this difference only, not to give them 
lb much water; but the firft, fixtli, and forne other forts, 
require to be placed in a warm dry glafs-cafe in winter, 
and muff: not be fo long expofed abroad in the fummer 
as the other fpecies, nor fliould have much water, efpe- 
cially in the winter. See Till^a, Othonna tenu- 
xssima, and Claytonia. 
CRAS'SUS, the grandfather of CrafTus the Rich, who 
never laughed. Pliny. —M. Licinius Craflus, grandfon 
of the preceding, a celebrated Roman, furnamed Rich , on 
account of his opulence. At firft he was very circum- 
fcribed in his circumftances; but, by educating flaves, 
and felling them at a high price, he foon enriched him- 
felf. The cruelties of Cinna obliged him to leave 
Rome ; and he retired to Spain, where he remained con¬ 
cealed for eight months. After Cinna’s death he pafled 
into Africa, and thence to Italy, where he ferved Sylla, 
and ingratiated himfelf in his favour. When the gla¬ 
diators, with Spartacus at their head, had fpread an uni- 
verfal alarm in Italy, and defeated fome of the Roman 
generals, Craflus was fent againft thepi. A battle was 
fought, in which Craflus flaughtered twelve thoufand of 
the flaves, and, by this decifive blow, foon put an end to 
the war, and was honoured with an ovatio at his return. 
He was foon after made conful with Pompey ; and in this 
high office he difplayed his opulence, by entertaining the 
populace at ten thoufand tables. He was afterwards 
cenfor, and formed the firft triumvirate with Pompey 
and Crefar. As his love of riches was more predomi¬ 
nant than that of glory, Craflus never imitated the am¬ 
bitious conduit of his colleagues, but was fatisfied with 
the province of Syria, which feemed to promife an inex¬ 
haustible fource of wealth. With hopes of enlarging 
his pofleflions, he-fet off from Rome, though the omens 
proved unfavourable, and every thing feemed to threaten 
iiis ruin. He crolfed the Euphrates, and, forgetful of 
C R A mi 
the rich cities of Babylon and Seleucia, he haftened to 
make himfelf matter of Parthia. He was betrayed in 
his march by the delay of Artavafdes, king of Armenia, 
and the perfidy of Ariamnes. He was met in a large 
plain by Surena, the general of the forces of Orodes, 
king of Parthia; and a battle was fought, in which 
twenty thoufand Romans were killed, and ten thoufand 
taken prifoners. The darknefs of the night favoured 
the efcape of the reft, and Craflus, forced by the mutiny 
and turbulence of his foldiers, and the treachery of his 
guides, trufted himfelf to the general of the enemy, on 
pretence of propoflng terms of accommodation, and he 
was put to death, fifty-three years before Chrift. His 
head was cut off, and fent to Orodes, who poured melted 
lead down his throat, and infulted his misfortunes. The- 
firmnefs with which Craflus received the news of his 
foil’s death, who periflied in that expedition, has been 
defervedly commended; and the words that he uttered 
when he furrendered himfelf into the hands of Surena, 
equally claim our admiration. He was wont often to 
fay, that no man ought to be accounted rich, if he could 
not maintain an army. Though he has been called ava¬ 
ricious, yet he fliewed himfelf always ready to lend mo¬ 
ney to his friends without intereft. He was fond of phi¬ 
losophy, and his knowledge of hiftory was great and ex¬ 
tend ve. Plutarch has written his life. Floras. —Publius, 
the fon of the rich Craflus, went into Parthia with his 
father. When he faw himfelf Surrounded by the enemy, 
and without any hope of efcape, lie ordered one of his 
men to run him through. His head was cut off, and 
fliewed with infolence to his father by the Parthians. 
Plutarch. —L. Licinius, a celebrated Roman orator, com¬ 
mended by Cicero.—-A fon of Craflus the rich, kilied in 
the civil wars, after Caefar’s death. 
CRAS'TA, a mountain of European Turkey, in the 
province of Albania: four miles north of Albalano. 
CRASTANOVIT'ZA, a town of Croatia, on the ri¬ 
ver Unna: twenty-fix miles north-weft of Benjaluka, 
and twenty fouth-weft from Gradifea. 
CRASTINA'TION, f. [from eras, Lat. to-morrow. J 
Delay. 
CRA'TiEGUS, f. [of uncertain origin, unlefs from 
HpxTc;, ftrength.] The Wild Service-tree, Haw¬ 
thorn, &c. a genus of the clafs icofandria, order digy. 
nia, natural order of pomaceae. The generic characters 
are—Calyx : perianthium one-leafed, concave-fpreading, 
five-cleft, permanent. Corolla: petals five, roundifh, 
concave, feflile, inferted into the ealyx. Stamina : fila¬ 
ments twenty, Subulate, inferted into the calyx ; antherac 
roundifh. Piftillum: germ inferior; ftyles two, fili¬ 
form, ere£t; ftigmas headed. Pericarpium : berry flefliy, 
roundifh, umbilicated. Seeds: two, fomewhat oblong, 
diftinCt, cartilaginous. The number of piftils varies in 
this genus, and others allied to it .—EJfential Character. 
Calyx: five cleft; petals five ; berry inferior, two-feeded. 
Species. 1. Crataegus aria, or white beam tree: un¬ 
armed ; leaves ovate, gafned, ferrate, tomentofe under¬ 
neath. This tree rifes to the height of thirty or forty 
feet, with a large trunk, dividing into many branches; 
the young llioots have a brown bark, covered with a 
mealy down; the leaves are between two and three 
inches long, and one inch and a half broad in the mid¬ 
dle, of a light green on their upper fide, but very white 
on their under, having many prominent tranfvene veins, 
running from the midrib to the border, where they are 
unequally ferrate, fome of the teeth being much deeper, 
and the fegments broader than others. The flowers are 
produced at the ends of the branches in bunches or co¬ 
rymbs, two inches or more in diameter, and very much 
branched. Native of moft parts of Europe ; chiefly on 
dry hills and open expofures, in gravel, clay, or chalk, 
and from the fiflures of lime-ftone rock. With us in 
the northern, weflern, and Southern, parts of the ifland; 
in Derbyfhire, Norwood near London, and formerly on 
Hampftead heath, &c. flowering in May. Miller fays 
it 
