S36 
C R A 
feous fmell. It approaches fo near to cleome, as hardly 
to be diftinguifhed from it, except by the fruit. Native 
of Jamaica, in dry coppices near the fea; flowering in 
May and J une. 
2. Crateva tapia, or fmooth crateva, or garlic pear : 
unarmed ; leaflets ovate, acuminate ; petals ovate- 
roundifh, blunt; germs globular. This tree has a very 
large trunk, which rifes to the height of thirty feet or 
more, covered with a dark green bark, fending out many 
branches, fo as to form a large head. The branches are 
garnifhed with trifoliate leaves, ftanding on pretty long 
foot-flalks ; tire middle leaf, which is much larger than 
either of the other, is oval, about live inches long, and 
two and a half broad in the middle ; the two fide leaves 
are oblique, thofe hides which join the middle leaf being 
much narrower than the other, and turn at both ends 
toward the middle, fo that their midrib is not parallel to 
the lides; thefe two end in acute points; they are all 
fmooth, of a light green on the upper fide, but pale on 
their under; their edges are entire ; the flowers are pro¬ 
duced at the ends of the branches, ftanding upon long 
peduncles; the fruit is about the fize of an orange, hav¬ 
ing a hard brown (hell, or cover, incloftng a mealy pulp, 
' filled with kidney-lliaped feeds ; it has a ftrong fmell 
of garlic, which is communicated to the animals that 
feed on it. Native of the Well Indies. 
3. Crateva marmelos, or prickly crateva: thorny; leaves 
ferrate. This fort is a native of India, where it grows 
to a great height, with a large trunk, fending out many 
long branches, garnifhed with trifoliate leaves ; the 
leaflets are oblong, entire, and end in acute points ; be¬ 
tween thefe the branches are armed with long flisrp 
thorns, which come out by pairs, and fpread alunder; 
the flowers are produced in finali clutters from the fide 
of the branches, five or feven Handing upon a common 
branching peduncle; they are green bn tire outlide, 
whitifh within, and have a grateful odour ; after the 
flower is part, the germen fwells to a large fruit the fize 
of an orange, having a hard fhell, which inclofes a flelhy 
vifeous pulp, of a yeliowifh colour, having many oblong 
plane feeds fituated within it ; the pulp of this fruit has 
an agreeable flavour when ripe, and is frequently eaten 
in India, where they ferve up the fruit, mixed with lu- 
gar and orange, in their deferts, and it is elteemed a great 
delicacy. Linnaeus fufpedts that this may be of a differ¬ 
ent genus. He obferves that the calyx is five-cleft, that 
the flower has no petals, and fixty llamens. This and 
the preceding fort were cultivated by Miller before 1.759. 
4. Crateva religiofa, or facred crateva: unarmed; 
leaflets and petals lanceolate-elliptic, acute at both ends. 
Trttnk of a middling height, upright ; flowers an inch 
and half in diameter, greenifh white, with red ftamens. 
Native of the Ea(t Indies, and the Society ides; in the 
latter it is planted at their burial places, and is fuppofed 
to be facred to their idols ; in Otaheite it is called pura- 
uu or pur alarum. The fruit is eaten. 
5. Crateva obovata, or obovate crateva: leaflets and 
'petals obovate, germ oblong. Native of Madagaicar. 
Propagation and Culture. Thefe plants are propagated 
by feeds, which mu ft be procured from the places where 
it grows naturally ; they muft be fown upon a good hot- 
'bed in the fpring, and when the plants are fit to remove, 
they fhould be each tranfplanted into a fmall pot filled 
with light kitchen-garden earth, and plunged into a hot¬ 
bed of tanner’s bark, fhading them every day from the 
'fun, until they have taken frefli root, after which they 
may be treated in the fame manner as the Annona; 
which fee. They fhould be watered.fparirigly in winter. 
See Capparis. 
CRA'TI, a river of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, 
which rifes about four miles fouth of Cofenza, and runs 
into the gulf of Tarento, near Civita Mandonia. 
CRATI'CULA, f. [dim. of crates, a hurdle.] The 
grate which covers the afh-hole in a chemical furnace. 
CRATI'NUS, an ancient comic poet, of whom we 
* C R A 
fhould have known little, had npt Quintilian, Horace, 
and Perfius, mentioned him, Eupolis, and Ariftophane-, 
as the great mafters of the ancient comedy. Cratinus 
was famous in the 81ft Olympiad, twenty or thirty years 
before Ariftophanes. He was an Athenian born, and 
fpent all his long life in his native city ; where, if he 
did not invent comedy, he was at leaft the firft who 
brought it into form and method, and made it fit for the 
entertainment of a civilized audience. It is true, in¬ 
deed, that the art, under this firft refinement, retained 
too many marks of its rude original. Perfons and vices 
were expofed in barefaced fatire, and the chief magif- 
trates of the commonwealth ridiculed by name upon the 
ftage ; as we find in Plutarch’s Life of Pericles feveral 
palfages out of Cratinus’s plays, where he refledted 
boldly on that great general. Cratinus appears to have 
been an exceflive drinker; and the excufe lie gave for 
the vice was, that it was absolutely neceflkry to warm 
his fancy, and to put a foul into his verfe. Hence Ho¬ 
race, epift. i. 19. quotes his authority to fhew what Ihort- 
lived things the offspring of water poets commonly 
prove: and for the fame reafon, Ariftophanes, in his 
Irene, has given us a pleafant account of Cratinus’s 
death ; when he fays that it was caufed by a fatal fwoon, 
at the fight of a noble calk of wine fplit in pieces and 
vv a filing the ftreets. Suidas tells us, that he wrote 
twenty-one plays; leaving only this ftiort defeription of 
excellencies, that he was “ fplendid and animated in his 
his characters.” He died at the age of ninety-feven. 
CRATIP'PUS, pronounced by Cicero to be the great- 
eft of the peripatetic philofophers, was born at Mitylene, 
and taught philofophy there. He went afterwards to 
Athens, where he followed the fame profeffion; and 
educated Cicero’s fon. Cicero had an high efteem for 
him, and prevailed upon Caefar to grant him the freedom 
of Rome ; and afterwards engaged the Areopagus to 
make a decree, by which Cratippus was defired to con¬ 
tinue at Athens, as an ornament to the city, and to read 
leftures to the youth there. We may be fure that thefe 
leftures muft have been very inftruCtive and engaging, 
ftnee Brutus went to hear them, when he was preparing 
for the war againft Marc Antony. Cratippus had the 
art of making himfelf agreeable to his difciples, and of 
pleafing them by his converfation, which was free from 
that pedantic gravity fo common to men in his fituation. 
This appears from a letter of young Cicero, wherein is 
the following paffage: “Know then that Cratippus 
loves me not as a difciple, but as a fon; and as I am 
very well pleafed to hear his leChires, fol am extremely 
delighted with the fweetnefs of his temper. I prevail 
with him, whenever I can, to flip with me ; and this being 
now cuftomary, he comes often to us unawares, when we 
are at fupper ; and, laying aiide his philofophic gravity, 
he is fo kind as to laugh and joke with us.” Cratippus 
wrote fome pieces about divination ; and is fuppofed to 
be the fame with him whom Tertullian, in his book 
De Anima, has ranked among the writers upon dreams. 
CRA'TO, a town of Portugal in the province of Ef- 
tramadura, furrotinded with an ancient wall, and contain¬ 
ing a church, an hofpital, and a convent: ten miles weft 
of Portalegre. 
CRA'TON,or De Crafftheim (John), bornat Bref- 
lau in 1519, was phyfician to the emperors Ferdinand I. 
Maximilian II. and Rodolphus II. It was on this occa- 
fion that he parodied a line of Horace: Principibus pla- 
cuijfe viris non ultima laus ejl ; which he thus changes: 
Cafaribus placuijfc tribus non ultima laus cjl. He died in his 
own country, in 1583, at the age of fixty-fix. He wrote 
Ifagoge Medicine r, Venice, 1560, octavo, and feveral other 
works elteemed by the faculty. 
CRATOW'NESS, a cape on the eaft coaft of Scot¬ 
land, in the county of Kincardine : three miles fouth of 
Stonehaven. 
CRA'VANT, a town of France, in the department of 
the Yonne, and chief place of a canton, in the diftrift of 
Auxerre, 
