C R A 
Auxerre, remarkable for a battle fought here in the year 
1423, betweerr the Englifh and the French : three leagues 
fouth-ealt of Auxerre, 
CRA'VAT, f. [of uncertain etymology.] A neck¬ 
cloth ; any thing worn about the neck.—The reftriCtives 
were applied, one over another, to Iter throat: then we 
put her on a cravat. Wifeman's Surgery. 
To CRAVE, v. a. [epapan, Sax.] To a(k with ear- 
neitnefs; to aik with iubmiftion ; to beg; to entreat.— 
The poor people, not knowing where to hide themfelves 
front the fury of their enemies, nor of whom to crave 
help, fled as men and women difmayed. Knolles. 
Each ardent nymph the riling current craves, 
Each ftiepherd’s pray’r retards the parting waves. Prior. 
To alk infatiably: 
Him doft thou mean, who, fpite of all his (tore, 
Is ever craving., and will Fill be poor ? Dry den. 
To long ; to with unreafonably.—Levity pufhes us on 
from one vain delire to another, in a regular viciflitude 
and fuccedioii of cravings and fatiety. L’Ef range. — To 
call for importunately; fometimes wither before the 
thing fought: 
Once one may crave for love, 
But more would prove 
This heart too little, that too great. Suckling. 
CRA'VEN, f. [derived by Skinner from crave, as one 
that craves or begs his life : perhaps it comes originally 
from the noife made by a conquered cock.] A cock con¬ 
quered and difpirited : 
What is your creft a coxcomb ?- 
—•—A comblefs cock, fo Kate will be my hen. 
.—No cock of mine ; you crow too like a craven. Shakcfp. 
A coward ;. a recreant; a weak-hearted fpiritlefs fellow ; 
Is it fit this foldier keep his oath ? 
--He is a craven and a villain elfe, Skakefpeare. 
CRA'VEN, or Cravent, f. in our ancient law, the 
word of obloquy, where in the ancient trial by battel, 
the victory Ihould be proclaimed, and the vanquifhed ac¬ 
knowledge his fault, or pronounce the word cravent, in 
the name of recreantijfe, &c. and thereupon judgment was 
given forthwith; after which the recreant Ihould become 
infamous. 2/7^.248. If the appellant joined battel, and 
cried cravent, he Ihould lofe liberam legem-, but if the ap¬ 
pellee cried out cravent, he was to be hanged. See the 
article Battel. 
CRA'VEN, adj. Cowardly; bafe: 
Yet if the innocent fome mercy find, 
From cowardice, not ruth, did that proceed ; 
His noble foes durft not his craven kind 
Exafperate by fuch a bloody deed. Fairfax. 
To CRA'VEN, v. a. To make recreant or cowardly: 
’Gainft felf-llaughter 
There is a prohibition fo divine. 
That cravens my weak hand. Skakefpeare. 
CRA'VEN, a county of the American States, in New- 
bern cliftriCt, North Carolina; bounded north by Pitt, 
and fouth by Carteret and Onflow counties. Its chief 
town is Newberri. 
CRA'VER, f. An infatiable afker. 
To CRAUNCH, v. a. [fchrantfen, Dutch ; whence the 
vulgar fay more properly to Jcraunch .] To crufli in the 
mouth : ufed by Swift. 
CRAW, f. \_kroe, Dan.] The crop or firft Itomach of 
birds.—In birds there is no maftication or comminution 
cf the meat in the mouth.; but, in Inch as are not carni¬ 
vorous, it is immediately fwallowed into the crop or 
craw, or at leaf! into a kind of ante-ftomach, which I 
have oblerved in many pifeivorous birds. Ray. 
CRAWFISH, f. [fometimes written crayjifh, properly 
crevice ; in French, e'crevijfe. A fmall crultaceous fi(h 
found in brooks; the fmall lobfter of frefii water. —Thole 
Vol. V. No. 277. 
C R A S3? 
that cad their (hell are the lobfter, the crab, the crawffh, 
the hodmandod or dodrnan, and the tortoife. Bacon .—• 
Let me to crack live crawfifi recommend. Pope. 
CRAW'FORD (David), born at Drumfoy, near Glaf- 
gow, in 1665, was brought up to the law ; but feldom 
went to the bar, his talle being confined to hiftory and 
antiquities, in which he made a great progrefs. Ke was 
appointed hiftoriographer-royal of Scotland by queen 
Anne, and certainly no man ever deferved that place 
better than Mr. Crawford. The firft work he publifhed 
was, Memoirs of Scotland during the Times of the four 
Regents, which has gone through two editions. His next 
work was the Peerage of Scotland, in one volume folio, 
which was followed by his Hiftory of the Royal Family 
of Stuart, and a topographical Defcription of the County 
of Renfrew. In his advanced years he began an hiftori. 
cal Account of the great Affairs of State in Scotland, 
but lived only to publifli one volume of it in folio. He 
alfo wrote the Life of Harry Guithery, Bilhop of Dun- 
keld; and died at Drumfoy, in 1726, aged fixty-one. 
CRAW'FORD, a town of United America, in the 
ftate of Virginia: five miles north of Weft Point. 
CRAW'FORD (New), a town of the iiland of Ja¬ 
maica : fourteen miles north of Kingdom 
CRAW'FORD (Old), a town of the iiland of Ja¬ 
maica : eleven miles north of Kingdom 
To CRAWL, v. n. [krielcn, Dut.] To creep ; to move 
with a flow motion; to move without riling from the 
ground, as a worm.—A worm finds what it I’earcheS af¬ 
ter only by feeling, as it crawls from one thing to ano¬ 
ther. Grew. 
That crawling infect, who from mud began ; 
Warm’d by my beams, and kindled into man! Drydert. 
To move weakly and (lowly, or timoroufly.—He was 
hardly able to crawl about the room, far lefs to look after 
a troublefome bufinefs. Arbuthnot. 
Man is a very worm by birth, 
Vile reptile, weak and vain! 
A while he crawls upon the earth. 
Then Ihrinks to earth again. Pope . 
To advance (lowly and (lily : 
Cranmer hath crawl'd into the favour of the king, 
And is his oracle. Skakefpeare. 
To move about hated and defpifed.-—How will the con¬ 
demned finner then crawl forth, and appear in his filth, 
before that undefiled tribunal i South. 
Behold a rev’rend fire, whom want of grace 
Has made the father of a name lefs race, 
Crawl through the ftreet, fhov’d on, or rudely prefs’d 
By his own Ions, that pafs him by unblefs’d. Pope. 
CRAWL'ER, f A creeper; any thing that creeps, 
CRAX,/! in ornithology, the Curassow; a genus ot 
birds belonging to the order of gallinae. The generic 
characters are : bill ftrong and thick, covered at the bale 
with a cere in each mandible, or [welled ; noftrils fmall, 
placed in the cere ; feathers that cover the head ; tail 
large and ftraight. The birds in this genus are ftrangers 
to Europe, being chiefly confined to the warmer parts of 
America. There are five fpecies now known, befides 
feveral varieties; deferibed as follow, by Linns us and 
Gmelin: 
1. Crax alector, the crefted curaffow ; nearly as large 
as a turkey, and full three feet in length. One of its 
moft diftinguifiling properties is the creft, which is black, 
or fometimes black mixed with white, from two to three 
inches high, and which extends from the origin of the 
bill to the back of the head. The bird can raife or 
deprefs it at pleafure, according as i$ is differently af¬ 
fected. This creft confnts of narrow tapering feathers 
fomewhat reclined, the points of which are reflected for¬ 
ward, and being rounded or clubbed at the top, and cf 
different lengths, Handing one above another, have fome. 
what the appearance of notes in made. The prevailing 
4 R colour 
