C It A 
gives name to four other pariflies. It rifes at Newel, in 
Orpington, and takes its courfe by St. Mary-cray, St. 
PauL’s-cray, Foot’s-cray, North-cray, Bexley, and Cray- 
fopd, and a little below this town it meets the river 
Durent. Lambard remarks, that “ upon the Cray was 
builded a mill for the making of plates whereof armour 
is falhioned j” tills was probably the fame with the mill 
now ufed for flitting and flatting iron to make hoops, &c. 
On this river, in the town, is a very large water-wheel, 
by which the whole of the extenfive calico-printing 
works are kept in motion; which conllitutes the principal 
manufactory of the place. The Roman ftation, called 
Noviomagus, is faid to have been lituated near the town 
of Crayford. This place is alfo famous for a battle fought, 
in 457, between Hengift the Saxon, and Vortimer the 
Britifli king, in which the latter loll four thoufand men, 
and four of their chief commanders. In the open heath, 
near Crayford, and in the woods and enclofures in molt of 
the adjoining pariflies, are divers artificial caves, whereof 
feme, according to Lambard, are ten, fifteen, or twenty, 
fathoms deep ; the paflage is narrow at the top, but wide 
and large at the bottom, with feveral rooms or partitions 
in fome of them, and all ftrongly vaulted, and l'upported 
by pillars of chalk. Many learned writers have fuppofed, 
that thefe were dug by our anceftors, to be ufed as re¬ 
ceptacles for their goods, and as places of retreat and fe- 
curity for their families, in times of civil diflentions and 
foreign invafions. But the much more probable opinion 
is, that far the greater number of them were opened in 
order to procure chalk for building, and for the meliora¬ 
tion of the land. 
CRAY'ON, /. [French.] A general name for all dry 
pigments, ufed in defigning or painting in paftel ; whe¬ 
ther they have been beaten and reduced to a pafte, or are 
ufed in their primitive confiftence, after fawing or cutting 
them into long narrow flips. Red crayons are made of 
* bloodftone or red chalk; black ones of charcoal and black 
lead. Crayons of all other colours are compofitions of 
earths reduced to pafte. See the articles Pigment, and 
Painting. 
To CRAZE, v. a. [ ccrafer , Fr. to break to pieces.] 
To break ; to crufli; to weaken: 
Relent, fweet Hermia; and, Lyfander, yield 
Thy crazed title to my certain right. Shakcfpeare. 
Till length of years, 
And fedentary numbnefs, craze my limbs. Milton. 
To powder.—The tin ore pafleth to the crazing mill, 
which, between two grinding ftones, bruifeth it to a fine 
fand. Carcw. —To crack the brain; to impair the intel- 
le£l.—Wickednefs is a kind of voluntary frenzy, and 
a chofen diffraction; and every (inner does wilder and 
more extravagant things than any man can do that is 
crazed and out of his wits; only with this fad difference, 
that he knows better what he does. Tillotfon.' 
CRA'ZEDNESS,/. Decrepitude; brokennefs; dimi¬ 
nution of intellect.—The nature, as of men that have 
fick bodies, fo likewife of the people in the crazednefs of 
their minds, poflefled with diflike and difcontentment at 
things prefent, is to imagine that any thing would help 
them. Hooker. 
CRA'ZINESS, f. State of being crazy; imbecility; 
weaknefs.—Touching other places, fhe may be faid to 
hold them as one fhould do a wolf by the ears; nor will 
I fpeak now of the crazincfs of her title; Howell. —Weak¬ 
nefs of intellect. 
CRA'ZING-MILL, f. A mill for grinding tin ore.' 
CRA'ZY, adj. \_ecraze, Fr.] Broken; decrepit.— 
When people are crazy, and in diforder, it is natural for 
them to groan, L'FJlrange.— Broken-witted; shattered in 
the intellect : 
The queen of night, whofe large command 
Rules all the fea and half the land. 
And over moift and crazy brains, 
in high fp ring-tides, at midnight reigns. Hudiiras . 
C 11 E 33?) 
Weak; feeble ; (battered.—"Were it poflible that the near 
approaches of eternity, whether by a mature age, a crazy 
conftitution, or a violent ficknefs, fhould amaze lo many, 
had they truly confidered. Wake. 
Phyfic can hut mend our crazy (late, 
Patch an old building, not a new create, Dryden. 
CREAGHT, or Creet,/! [An Irifli \yord. ] Inthdfe 
faff places, they keep their creaghts, or herds of cattle', 
living by the milk of the cow, without hufbandry oi 
tillage. Davies on Ireland. —He (hall find no where fare, to 
keep his creet in, nor hide himfelf. Spenfcr's Ireland. 
To CREAGHT, v. n. It was made penal to the Eng- . 
liflt to permit the Irifh to citeaglit or graze upon their 
lands, or prefent them to ecclefiaftical benefices. Davies 
To CREAK, v. n. [corrupted from crack. ] To make 
a harfh protracted noife.—Let not the creaking of flioes, 
nor the ruffling of filks, betray thy poor heart to wo¬ 
men. Shakefpeare. 
No door there was th’ unguarded houfe to keep, 
On creaking hinges turn’d, to break his deep. Dryden . 
It is fometimes ufed of animals: 
The creaking locufts with my voice confpire, 
They fried with heat, and I with fierce defire. Dryden. 
CREAM,yi [creinor, Lat.] The undtuous or oily part 
©f milk, which, when it is cold floats on the top, and is 
changed by the agitation of the churn into butter ; the: 
flower of milk.—Milk, (landing fome time, naturally fe~ 
parates into an oily liquor called cream ; and a thinner, 
blue, and more ponderous, liquor, called fkimiued milk, 
Arbuthnot. 
Let your various creams incircled be 
With fwelling fruit, juft ravifil’d from the tree. King. 
It is ufed for the beft part of any thing ; as, the cream 
of a jef. 
To CREAM, v.n. To gather cream : 
There are a fort of men, whofe vifages 
Do cream and mantle like a (landing pond j 
And do a wilful ftift’nefs entertain, 
With purpofe to be dreft in an opinion 
Of wifdom, gravity, profound conceit. Shakcfpeare. 
To CREAM, v. n. To take oft’the cream. To take the 
flower and quinteflence of any thing: fo ufed by Swift. 
CREAM-BOWL, f. A bowl for holding cream; 
When about the cream-bowls fweet 
You and all your elves do meet. Ben Jonfon . 
CREAM-FACED, adj. Pale; coward-looking: 
Thou cream facedXoven, 
Where got’ft thou that goofe look? Shakcfpeare. 
CREAM of LIME,y. When lime-water is expofed 
to the air, a portion of aerial acid or fixed air combines 
with the lime near the furface, and converts it into chalk, 
or mild calcareous earth, which fil'd forms a pellicle at 
the top, and afterwards falls down. This fubftance, which 
is either not at all foluble in water, or much lefs fo than 
lime, is feparated on that account. The term is now 
feldom met with, 
CREAM of TA.RTAR,yi The fait called, cream of 
tartar , and cryfals of tartar, 'confifls of tartar purified by 
the ufual chemical methods. This manufacture is chiefly 
carried'on at Montpellier, and at Venice. The objeit 
to be accomplished confifls in depriving the crude tartar 
of an abundant mucilaginous principle. The following 
is the procefs ufed at Montpellier, as given by Chaptal: 
The tartar is difl'olved in water, and fuffered to cryflallize 
by cooling. The cryflals are then boiled in another veflel, 
with the addition of five or fix pounds of the white 
argillaceous'earth of Murviel to each quintal of the fait. 
After this boiling with the earth, a very white fait is 
obtained by evaporation, which is known by the name 
of cream of tartar. M. Defmaretz has informed us, in 
ghe Journal de Phylique } that the procefs ufed at Venice. 
• confifls^ 
