348 C R E 
the edge of a leaf is cut into very fniall notches, Lin¬ 
naeus ufes the diminutive crenulate, ( crenulatum .) This 
term is alfo applied to the nectary in Narciffus poeticus. 
CREN'CLES, or Crengles, /. [afea-term.] Small 
ropes fpliced into the bolt-ropes belonging to tire fails of 
the fore and main malt. 
CRENDIRE'K, a lake of United America, in the 
Hate of North Carolina : thirty miles north-north-eaff of 
Newbern. 
CRENELLE', or Imbattled, a term in heraldry for 
tire battlements of a wall. This attribute belongs to the 
arms of fuch as have defended caltles, or of fuch as are 
fkilled in architecture. See Heraldry. 
CRE'NIUS (Thomas), of the rnarche of Branden- 
burgh, reCtor in Hungary, corrector of the prefs at Rot¬ 
terdam and at Leyden ; died at the latter place in 1728, 
at eighty nine years of age, after-drenehing Europe with 
his compilations. The molt ufeful of them are : i.Cou- 
Jilia & Mel/'iodi aurece Studiorum optime Injiituend&rum, Rot¬ 
terdam, 1692, 4to. This volume was followed by two 
others, printed in 1696, at Leyden. The firlt intitled, 
De Philologia, & Studiis Liberalis Dodrince. The fecond, 
De Eruditionc Compdranda. 2. Mufceum Philologicum, 2 vols. 
nmo. 3. Thc/aurus Librorinn Philologicoruhi, 2 vols. 8vo. 
4. De Furibus Libraries, Leyden, 1705, 1 21110. 5. Fafciculi 
Dijfertatiomm Philoiogo-Hiftvricarum, 5 vols. 121110. 6. Dif- 
Jcrtationes Phiiologicce, 2 vols. 121110, 7. Commentatiorus in 
Varios Audores, 3 vols. 1 21110. 
CREO'DIBA,y. I11 the cultoms of the middle age, a 
robbery and murder committed in a wood, where the 
body of the perfon killed was burnt in order to prevent 
difeovery of the crime. The word, fays Wendelinus, is 
compounded of cruy and diven ; that is, wpod-robbers. 
CRE'OLES,/! A name given to the families defeended 
from the Spaniards who firlt fettled at Mexico in Ame¬ 
rica. Thefe are much more numerous than the Spaniards 
properly fo called, and the mulattoes, which two other 
ipecies of inhabitants they diftinguifh, and exclude from 
all confiderable employments. 
CRE'ON, king of Corinth, was fon of Syfiphus. He 
promifed his daughter Glauce to Jafon, who repudiated 
Medea. To revenge the fuccefs of her rival, Medea 
fent her for a prefent, a gown covered with poifon. 
Glauce put it on, and was feized with hidden pains. 
Her body took fire, and fhe expired in the greatelt tor¬ 
ments. The houfe alfo was confumed by the fire, and 
Creon and his family fliared Glance’s fate. Euripides .— 
A fon of Meneetius, father to Jocafta, the wife and mo¬ 
ther of CEdipus. At the death of Laius, who had mar¬ 
ried Jocalla, Creon afeended the vacant throne of Thebes. 
As the ravages of the Sphinx were intolerable, Creon of¬ 
fered his crown, and daughter in marriage, to him who 
Could explain the aenigmas which the monfter prepefied. 
CEdipus was happy in his explanations, and he afeended 
the throne of Thebes, and married Jocafta without know¬ 
ing that fhe was his mother, and by her he had two fons, 
Polynices and Eteocles. Thefe two fons mutually agreed, 
after their father’s death, to reign in the kingdom, each 
alternately. Eteocles firft afeended the throne, by right 
of feniority; but when lie was once in power, he re- 
i’ufed to refign at the appointed time, and his brother 
led againft him an army of Argives to fupport his right. 
The war was decided by a fingle combat between the 
two brothers. They both killed one another, and Creon 
afeended the throne, till Leodamas, the fon of Eteocles, 
fliould be of a fufiicient age to affume the reigns of go¬ 
vernment. In his regal capacity, Creon commanded that 
the Argives, and more particularly Polynices, who was 
the eaufe of all the bloodlhed, fhould remain unburied. 
If this was in any manner difobeyed, the offenders were 
to be buried alive. Antigone, the fifter of Polynices, 
tranfgreiled, and was accordingly puniftied. Haemon, the 
Ion of Creon, who was paflionately fond of Antigone, 
killed himfelf on her grave } when his father refilled to 
C R E 
grant her pardon, Creon was afterwards killed by The- 
feus, who had made war with him, becaufe he refilled 
burial to the Argives. Apo/lodorus. 
CRE'ON, a town of France, in the department of the 
Gironde,-and chief place of a canton, in the diftrict of 
Cadillac : ten miles fouth-eaft of Bourdeaux. 
CREO'PHILUS, a Samian, who hofpitably entertained 
Homer, from whom lie received a poem in return. Some 
fay that he was that poet’s mafter, &c. Strabo. 
CRE'PANE,y. with farriers. An ulcer feated in the 
midft of the forepart of the foot Farriers Did. 
CRE'PID-TL,./.' Among the Romans, a kind of flip¬ 
pers or flioes, which were worn with the paliium, as the 
calcei were with the toga. 
CRE'PIS,/ [the name of a plant in Pliny; deriva¬ 
tion unknown. in Greek is the bafe or founda¬ 
tion of any thing ; alfo a llioe or fandal.] In botany, the 
herb Base Hawkweed ; a genus of the clafs fyngenefia, 
order polygamia aequalis, natural order compolltae femi- 
floleulofae. The generic cliaradlers are—Calyx : com¬ 
mon double ; exterior very fliort, fpreading, deciduous ; 
interior ovate, Ample, furrowed, permanent; feales li¬ 
near converging. Corolla: compound imbricate, uni¬ 
form ; corollets hermaphrodite, very many, equal ; pro¬ 
per, one-petalled, ligulate, linear, truncate, five-toothed. 
Stamina, filaments five, capillary, very fliort; anther cy- 
lindric, tubular. Piftillum : germ fomew hat ovate; ftyle 
filiform, length of the ftamens ; ftigmas two, reflex. Pe- 
ricarpium : none; calyx roundifti. Seed: folitary, ob¬ 
long, fufiform, fometimes columnar ; down hairy, gene¬ 
rally ftipitate. Receptacle : naked, with cells or pits. 
This genus differs from hieracium in the ventricofe to- 
rulofe form of the mature calyx ; from picris in the flm- 
plici y of the down. —EJfcntial Ckarader. Calyx, calycled 
with deciduous feales; down hairy, ftipitate; recepta¬ 
cle, naked. 
Species. 1. Crepis pygmaea, or dwarf crepis: leaves 
ovate, entire, villofe, petioled; ftem procumbent. Height 
not more than fix inches ; flowers yellow. Gouan joins 
it with the hieracium pumilum of Linnaeus. Native of 
the mountains of Italy. 
2. Crepis burfifolia, or purfe-leaved crepis: leaves 
pinnatifid, crenate ; fcape naked, few-flowered. Stems 
not above a fpan in height, having on them a few ftiort 
laciniate leaves. The root-leaves referable tliole of fhep- 
herd’s purfe, whence its name. It is a perennial plant, 
and is found near Palermo, and in other places in Sicily ; 
alfo in the county of Nice. 
3. Crepis barbata, Spanifh or bearded crepis, or pur¬ 
ple-eyed fuccory hawkweed : involucres longer than the 
calyx ; feales fetaceous, fcattered. This is an annual 
plant, putting out leaves next the root, nine inches in 
length, ; and almoft two broad in the middle, of a light 
green colour ; Items a foot alid a half high, dividing into 
many branches, and having leaves of the fame form with 
the others, but fmaller and feffile. The flowers are pro¬ 
duced at the ends of the branches ; they are yellow, pur- 
plilh at the bafe, but the florets in the difk almoftwholly 
dark purple ; feeds columnar, crowned with a very mi¬ 
nute ciliate edge, and two long Ample bridles. The outer 
calyx is longer than the corolla. Herman and Miller 
have m-ifcalled the difk black ; but Parkinfon and Ray 
long fince faid that it is very dark purple. There are 
two varieties, one in which the flowers are deep yellow ; 
and the other, in whicli they are of a fulphur colour in¬ 
clining to white, but both have a very dark purple bot¬ 
tom or middle, and make a pretty appearance in the 
flovrer-garden. They flower in June and July, and the 
feeds ripen in autumn. Native of the fouth of Europe-. 
4. Crepis veiicaria, or bladder crepis : involucres Ica- 
-riofe, the length of the calyx ; flowers corymbed ; brac- 
tes ovate. Root thick; leaves lyrate, angular, toothed, 
fcabrous; Item fliort; branches long, naked, bifid, or 
trifid^ one-flowered; braCtes of the peduncles ovate, fo- 
litary, 
