C R I 
Ins, 0 ratio ad civos/nos Gallipolitanos, 1591, 4to. 2. The 
Life of Sannazario, 1583, 8vo. 3. A Defcription of the 
City of Gallipoli, 1591 ; and different poetical pieces, of 
which he was either the original author, or illuftrative 
editor. 
CRIS'PY, aclj. Curled : 
So are tliofe crifpy fnaky locks, oft known 
To be the dowry of a fecond head. Shakefpeare. 
CRISS-CROSS-ROW, f A cant term for alphabet: 
He ftrides, and all the way he goes 
Wades deep in blood o’er' crif-crof-roios. Churchill. 
CRIS'TA.yi [from v.eptzc, a horn, or carljla, from ya.fu, 
the head.] In anatomy, any part which has an appear¬ 
ance like the creft or comb upon the head of a cock, as 
crijla ditoridis, the nym.pha ; alfo a tubercle about the 
anus, &c. 
CRIS'TA, f. in botany ; fee C^esalpinia. CRIS'- 
TA GAL'LI ; fee Rhinanthus and I-Iedysarum. 
C.HRIS'TA PAVO'NIS; fee Guilandina and Poin- 
CIA N A . 
CRISTIA'NA, a fmall ifland of the Grecian archipe¬ 
lago. Lat. 36. 20. N. Ion. 43. 2. E. Ferro. 
CRITE'RION, J. [y-piTiipiov, Gr.] A mark by which 
any thing is judged of, with regard to its goodnefs or 
badnefs.—We have here a fure infallible criterion, by 
which every man may difcover and find out the gracious 
or ungracious difpofition of his own heart. South. 
By what criterion do you eat, d’ye think, 
If this is priz’d for fweetnefs, that for ftink ? Pope. 
This anglicifed Greek word retains its Greek plural.— 
The grand criteria of which were the natures of the feve- 
ral fervices or renders, that were due to the lords from 
their tenants. Blachjlone. 
CRI'THE,/. [from ygibn, barley.] A tubercle which 
infefts the eye-lids, of the fize and form of a barley-corn, 
commonly called the Jlye. When fmall, it isleatedon the 
edge of the eye-lid ; but, when large, it fpreads further. 
When thefe do not fuppurate, they remain in a thickened 
and indurated date. If there is little inflammation, they 
may be difperfed by cooling lotions ; but, if thofe do not 
fucceed, we fhould endeavour ,to fuppurate them with a 
white-bread poultice, and the ufe of a little camphorated 
oil applied with a camel’s hair-pencil. 
CRITIIE'IS, a daughter of Melanippus, who became 
pregnant by an unknov n perfon, and afterwards married 
Phemicis of Smyrna, and brought forth the poet Homer, 
according to Herodotus. 
CRITH'MUM,y. [derivation unknown. ] Samphire, 
or S’amfire; in botany, a genus of the clafs pentandria, 
order digynia, natural order umbellatae, or umbelliferas. 
The generic characters are—Calyx : umbel univerlal, 
manifold, hemifphcric ; partial,.limilar ; involucre, uni¬ 
verlal, many-leaved; leaflets lanceolate, obtufe, reflex ; 
partial, lanceolate-linear, length of the umbellule ; peri- 
anthium proper, fcarcely obfervable. Corolla : univer- 
fal, uniform ; florets all fertile ; proper petals five, ovate, 
inflex, equal. Stamina: filaments five, fimple, longer 
than tite corolla ; anthers: round! fh. Pifiillum, germ in¬ 
ferior ; ftyles tv/o, reflex ; ftigtnas obtufe. Pericarpium : 
none ; fruit oval, com.preffed, bipartile. Seeds : two, el¬ 
liptic, compreffed-flat, ftriated on one fide .—EJfcntial Cha¬ 
racter. Fruit oval, compreffed ; florets equal. 
Species. 1. Crithmum maritimum, or fea or rock fam- 
pire : leaflets lanceolate, flefhy. Perennial; Items fmooth 
and even, entirely fimple ; leaves triternate, the middle 
one often five-leaved. It hy.s a root compofed of many 
ftro'ng fibres, which penetrate deep into the crevices of 
the rocks, fending up feveral flelhy fucculent Italks, 
which rife about two feet high, with winged, leaves, 
compofed of three or five divifions, each of which has 
three or five thick fucculent leaflets near half an inch 
long ; the foot-ftalks.of the leaves embrace the Italks at 
Vol. V. No. 27.9, 
C II I 
their bafe; the flowers are produced in circular umbels 
at the top of the Italks; thefe are of a yellow colour, 
and are fucceeded by feeds fomewhat like thofe of fen¬ 
nel, but larger. This herb is pickled, and efteemed very 
comfortable to the ftomach, and is agreeable to the pa¬ 
late ; it provokes urine gently, removes obltrudtions of 
the vifcera, and creates an appetite ; it is commonly fifed 
for fauce ; it is gathered on the rocks, where it grows 
naturally, but the people who fupply the markets with 
it, feldom bring the right herb, but inftead of it they 
bring a fpecies of ajler, which is called golden Jam pi re, 
but has a very different flavour from the true, nor has it 
any of its'virtues. This grows in greater plenty, and 
upon the plain ground which is overflowed by the fait 
water; whereas the true fampire grows only out of the 
crevices of perpendicular rocks, where it is very difficult 
to come at. It flowers in July, and the feeds ripen in 
autumn. Native of the rocky fliorcs of the European 
ocean ; in Britain, on Dover cliffs, Winchelfea, Rye, 
Southampton, the Ifie of Wight; on all the cliffs of the 
Cornilh coaft ; the fields about Forth Gwylan, in Caer- 
narvonlhire, are covered with it; Furnefs in'Lancafhire ; 
Galloway in Scotland. AUioni informs us, that it alfo 
grows on old walls in the Alps. It is not only tiled as 
a pickle, but frefli as a pot-herb, by inhabitants of the 
fea-coaft. Not only the inula crithmoides, which Mr. 
Miller calls a fpecies of after, is ufifd for fampire, but 
the falicornia is the only fampire known on the eaft coaft, 
and is called marjh fampire. The inhabitants there muft 
needs be furprifed that the gathering of fampire Ihould 
be called a dangerous trade, when they pluck it at their 
eafe as they walk on the land. This, however, is tafte- 
lefs, and has a tough firing running through the middle; 
whereas the true fampire has a warm aromatic flavour, 
without any impediment to the teeth in eating. Mr. 
Pennant informs us that ftieep and cows eagerly feed, 
and are faid to grow fat, upon it. It has the name fam¬ 
pire or faihpier, fometimes wrongly fpelt famphire, from the 
French St. Pierre '; the French likewife call it bacillc ma¬ 
ritime, feuov.il marin, pajfc-pierrc, perce-pierre, and herbe dc 
St. Pierre, evidently from the roots (hiking deep in a 
the crevices of rocks ; In Italian it is critmo, finocchio ina- 
rino, and herba cli Santo Pietro ; in Spanifh, hinojo marino'; 
in Portuguefe, funcho marinho ; in German, mecrfenchcl , 
fccfcnchel, bacillen ; in Danifli, focfenkel ; in Sw edish, sjo- 
fcnkal. 
2. Crithmum Pyrenaicum, or Pyrenaean fampire : the 
fide leaflets twice trifid. Haller fuppbfes this to be no¬ 
thing elfe but athamanta libanotis growing old ; Juftieu 
is of opinion that it is more nearly related to the genus 
athamanta. It is a biennial plant, and a native of the 
Pyrenees. 
3. Crithmum latifolium, or wedge-leaved fampire: 
leaflets wedge-form, cleft. This is a very fmooth plant, 
a foot and a half in height; Item round, furrowed, erect; 
leaves petioled ; leaflets oppofite, bijugous or triju- 
gous; flowers yellow ; feeds fmooth, furrowed, with a 
railed even edge. Found on the coafts of Teneriffe and 
the Salvages, by Maffon. Biennial; it flowers in July, 
and was introduced in 1780. 
Propagation and Culture. The fiift fpecies is with diffi¬ 
culty propagated in gardens, nor will it grow fo vigorous 
with any culture, as it does upon roi ks ; but if the plants 
are planted on a rnoift gravelly foil, they will thrive to¬ 
lerably well, and may be preferved fome years. It may. 
be propagated either by feeds, or parting the roots. It 
grows belt when rooted in a wall, or on artificial yock- 
vvork. The lecond fort is preferved in a few gardens for 
the fake of variety ; it is propagated by feeds, w hich 
Ihould be fown in tire autumn where they are defigned to 
remain, and wili require no other culture but to keep 
them clean from weeds, and thin them where they are 
too clofe. The third may be propagated by feeds, and 
preferved in the green-noufe or confervatory. See Echi« 
NQPHORA, 
5 A 
CRI'THO- 
