C R O 
The laft edition of his Bibliotheque was given, along with 
that of Verdier, by M. Rigolet de Juvigni, in 5 vols. 4to. 
1772, 1773. 
CRO'KANE, mountains of Ireland, in the county of 
Cork : five miles north of Dungarvan. 
CROL'LES, a town of France, in the department of 
tire Ifere. The inhabitants carry on a confiderable trade 
in wine : ten miles north-eaft of Grenoble. 
CRCFMACH CRAIG, a mountain of Scotland, in 
the county of Perth : live miles north of Crieff. 
CRO'MACH HEAD, a cape of Scotland on the north 
coaft of the county of Banff; three miles north-welt of 
Cullen. 
CRO'MARTY, a fea-port town of Scotland, and ca¬ 
pital of the county of the fame name, fituated in the Frith 
of Murray, at the mouth of the Frith of Cromarty. Here 
is a manufacture of coarfe cloth, and a .confiderable coaft- 
ing trade in corn, thread, yarn, filh, and fkins. The 
river on which it (lands is a mile wide, and the harbour 
an excellent one. Lai, 57. 39. N. Ion. o. 43. W. Edin¬ 
burgh. 
CRO'MARTY, a fmall county of Scotland, bounded 
on the north by a Frith or river, called the Frith of Cro¬ 
marty ; on the ealt by the Frith of Murray, and every 
where elfe by the county of Rofs. This county is the 
fmall eft of the kingdom, being only twelve miles long, 
and three broad. Cromarty is the chief town. The Frith 
is the molt commodious of Scotland, and capable of con¬ 
taining all the navy of England with fafety. The coun¬ 
try is tolerably fertile ; but, though once almolt a con¬ 
tinued forelt, is now deftitute of timber. Cromarty re¬ 
turns one member to the Britifli parliament alternately 
with Nairn. 
CRO'M ARY, a town of France, in the department of 
the Saone, and chief place of a canton, in the diftridt of 
Vezoul : two leagues and a half north of Befanpon. 
CROM'BACH, a town of Germany : feven miles 
north-eaft of Siegen. 
CRO'MER, a town on the north-eaft coaft of Norfolk, 
tw r enty-three miles from .Norwich, 127 miles from Lon¬ 
don, has a harbour, and was formerly much larger than 
it is now, having two parilh churches, one ot which, 
with many of the hcufes, was fwallowed up by an inun¬ 
dation of the lea. It is chiefly inhabited and frequented 
by fifhermen, efpecially for lobfters, which are caught 
here in great quantities, and carried to Norwich, and 
fome to London ; for it is a rocky coaft, and the leamen 
call Cromer-bay the Devil’s Throat. Its market is on 
Saturday, and fair on Whit-Monday. 
The coaft of Cromer is a terror to failors, from the 
frequent fhipwrecks that happen here ; fo that there are 
no lei's than four light-houfes kept flaming every night, 
between it and Yarmouth, befides the lights at Caller, 
north of the town, and at Gouldftone, fouth ; all which 
are to direbt failors to keep a good offing, in cafe of bad 
weather, and to prevent their running into Cromer-bay. 
A perfon, not fully mafter of the real’on of thefe things, 
would be furprifed to fee, for many miles along the 
Ihore, that the farmers and country people have fcarcely 
a barn, (hed, liable, or pales to their yards and gardens, 
or an hog-ftye, or any kind of out-houfe, but is built 
of old planks, beams, wales, timber, &c. the deplor¬ 
able wrecks of fliips, and ruins of mariners and mer¬ 
chants fortunes; and in fome places are whole yards fill¬ 
ed, and piled up very high, with the fame (luff, laid up 
for tire like building purpofes. About the year 1692, 
a melancholy inftance of this kind happened : a fleet of 
two hundred fail of light colliers went out of Yarmouth 
Roads with a fair wind, and were taken Ihort with a Itorm 
of wind at north-eaft. After they had palled Winter- 
tonnefs a few leagues, Lome of them, whofe mailers made 
a better judgment of things, or who were not fo far out 
as the reft, tacked, and put back in time, and got fafe 
into the Roads ; but the reft, ptrfhing on, in hopes'to 
keep out to fea, and weather it, were, by the violence of 
V.ol. V. No. 280. 
C R O 377 
tire ftorm, driven back, when they were too far embayed 
to weather Wintertonnefs, and fo were forced to run weft, 
all fliifting for themfelves as well as they could : lome 
ran away for Lynn-deeps, but few of them (the night 
being fo dark) could find their way thither ; fome, but 
very few, rode it out at a diftance ; the reft, being above 
140 fail, were all driven on-fhore, and dallied in pieces, 
and very few of the people were laved. - At the very 
fame unhappy juncture, a fleet of loaden fliips was com¬ 
ing from the north, and, being juft crofting-.the fame bay, 
were forcibly driven into it, not til le to .weather the Nels, 
and fo were involved in the fame ruin as the light fleet 
was ; alfo fome courting velfels laden with corn from Lynn 
and Wells, and bound for Holland, were, with the fame 
unhappy luck, juft come out to begin their voyage, and 
fome of them lay at anchor ; thefe alio met with the fame 
misfortune: fo that, in the whole, above two hundred 
fail of fliips, and above one thoufand people, were loft in 
thedifafterof that one.miferable night, very tew elcaping. 
In the night of the 20th of November, 1789, a large fleet 
of light colliers was fuddeniy attacked by a violent ftorm 
from the eaft,which, notwithftanding the greateftexertions 
of their refpedtive crews, drove upw ’.rdsof forty of them 
a-ground in lefs than two hours,.thirty-four of which be¬ 
longed to Shieldsalone. The number of people loftonthis 
lamentable occalionamountedto upward-.of five it .snared. 
CROM'LECH,./! in Britifli. antiquity, derived, ac¬ 
cording to the conjecture of Mr. Rowlands, from the 
Hebrew cartm-Luach, a devoted (tone or altar; huge, 
broad, flat, Hones, railed on other Hones let up on end 
for that purpofe. They are common in Anglefey ; and 
Rowlands fuppofes them to be the remains of altars 
eredled by the iirft colonifts. Mona antiqua rejlaurata. 
CRO'MONT, a town of France, in the department of 
the Somme : feven miles eaft of Abbeville. 
CROMP'TON POINT, the north-eaft point of the 
ifland of Dominica. Lat. 15. 42. N. Ion. 61. 21. W. 
Greenwich. 
CROM'WELL (Thomas), earl of Effex, a perfon of 
great authority in the reign of Henry VIII. w r as the fon 
of a blackfmith at Putney in Surrey ; but had no con- 
fanguinity whatever with the famous Oliver Cromwell. 
Tradition continues to point out the place of his birth, 
which is in fome meafure confirmed by the furvey of 
Wimbledon-manor, taken in 1617 ; as it delcribes “ an 
ancient cottage, called the fmith’s (hop, lying weft of 
the highway leading from Putney to the upper gate ; 
and on the fouth fide of the highway from Richmond to 
Wandfworth, being the lign of the Anchor.” As his 
extraction was mean, his education was low ; but his 
genius predominated over both. He was, during a con¬ 
fiderable period, in foreign countries, wdiere he is fup- 
pofed to have been engaged in the fecret fervice of the 
king, and was fome time a foldier in the army of the 
duke of Bourbon, at the liege of Rome. On his return 
to England, he was admitted into the family of cardinal 
Wolfey, as his folicitor ; to whom he proved a faithful 
fervant and lincere friend.. After the cardinal’s fall, the 
king employed Cromwell in various fervices, for which 
he was rewarded by being fucceflively appointed a privy 
counfellor, mafter of the jewel-office, clerk of the hana- 
per, chancellor of the exchequer, principal fecretary of 
ftate, .mafter of the rolls, lord keeper of the privy leal, 
a baron of the realm, and vicegerent over ail the fpiritu- 
alities under the king, who was declared fupreme head 
of the church. All the power refulting from his high 
ftation, and the royal favour, he employed in promoting 
the reformation ; and with this view ire became the chief 
inftrumsnt in dilfolving the monafteries, depreffing tire 
clergy, and expelling the monks. The king at length 
advanced him to the dignity of earl of Elfex, conllituted 
him lord high chamberlain of England, -and loaded him 
with.the confifcated eftates of religious houfes. Nor can 
it be confiderecl as an uninterefting circumftance in the 
life of this extraordinary man, that, among the mime* 
3 D rous 
