C R O 
“ Oliver Cromwell, the Protestor, (fays Anthony 
Wood,) loved a good voice and inftrumental mulic well. 
Mr. James Qiiin, a ftudent of C. C. Oxon, a good fing¬ 
er, was introduced to him : he heard him fing with 
very great delight, liquored him with fack, and in con- 
clufion faid to him ; ‘ Mr. Quin, you have done very 
well : what (hall I do for you ?’ To which Quin made 
anfwer with great compliments (of which he had com¬ 
mand) with a great grace, ‘ That your highnefs would 
he pleafed to reftore me to my (Indent’s place:’which 
the protestor did accordingly, and fo he kept it to his 
dying day. 
CROM'WEI.L (Richard), elded: fon of the proteXor 
Oliver, was born at Huntingdon in 1626. He appears to 
have had no other literary education than that of a 
country grammar-fchool ; and when, in his twenty-firit 
year, he was entered at Lincoln’s-inn, he Ceems to have 
purfued his pleal'urcs rather than his ltudies. He had as 
little difpofition for aXive employment as for fpecula- 
tion, and never caught the warlike flame from his father, 
who was then rifing to the fummit of military diftinc- 
tion. His focial connexions, indeed, were with the op- 
polite party, and he joined the cavaliers in drinking fuc- 
cefs to the came to which his father was the mod: formi¬ 
dable foe. On the condemnation of the king, Richard 
is faid to have pleaded for his life upon his knees before 
his unrelenting parent. He married a lady of good for¬ 
tune, the daughter of Richard Major, efq. of Hurfley, 
in the county of Hants ; and, retiring from all the bufy 
fcenes of public life, he palfed feveral years at his matri¬ 
monial ellate, in the amufements of a mere country gen¬ 
tleman. It was probably at (ir(t againfl: his inclination, 
that his father, when elevated to the office of protector, 
brought him forwards as a coadjutor, and made him take 
a feat in parliament and at the board of trade, and fuc- 
ceed himfeif as chancellor of the univerfity of Oxford. 
He alfo placed Richard at the head of his newly-formed 
lioufe of peers, and taught him to entertain the profpeX 
of a fucceflion to the fovereign power. Richard at lead 
acquicfced in this deftination, and accepted at his father’s 
death that inheritance of the proteXorlhip, which was 
immediately conferred upon him with all the folenmity 
and apparent faithful attachment that could be difplayed 
towards the fucceflor of an eftabliflted throne. Addrelfes 
were poured in from all parts of the united dominions,' 
and from ajl public bodies, in which the memory of the 
deceafed fovereign, and the hopes of the new reign, 
were celebrated with all the fervile adulation cuftomary 
in fitch compofitions. Foreign nations joined in the ac¬ 
knowledgment of his fucceflion, and nothing occurred 
during five months to make him queflion the firmnefs of 
bis authority. He had, however, found it neceffary to 
fummon a parliament ; and though it had been called 
upon the old model, in which a majority of borough 
members gave a better chance of procuring a return fa¬ 
vourable to the ruling powers, yet it was iir.poflible to 
be lecure of a popular aflembly at fuch a critical period. 
A formidable fpirit of oppofition foon appeared. It is 
affirmed, that a colonel Howard, in a conference with 
Richard at this time, propcfed to him to fecure his au¬ 
thority by boldly cutting off the leaders of the oppofite 
party ; but that he refufed to purchafe power at fuch a 
rate. This determination is honourable to his huma¬ 
nity ; but would be more fo, if it had not alfo been 
conformable to the indolence and want of enterprife 
which were radical in his charaXer, and alfo if tire 
chance of fuccefs in fuch a dreadful druggie had been 
greater. It may, however, well be fuppofed, that he 
had too much principle to (lied blood for the pofleflion 
l)f-unlawful power. He quietly fubmitted to all the fa- 
crifices.and refignations that were required of him, and 
was chiefly folicitous to procure a protection from the 
debts in which he was involved by the expences of his 
father’s pompous funeral. The parliament gave him a 
ie.curity for this purpofe, and promifed a haudfome pro- 
Vol. V. No. 281. 
C R O S 85 
vifion for himfeif and his family. It is faid, that when 
he left Whitehall, he exprefled, in a kind of farcadic 
pleafantry, his fenfe of the little reliance to be placed 
on public profeflions. Appearing particularly careful 
about the removal of two old trunks which hood in his 
wardrobe, a friend alked him thereafon of his folicitude : 
“Oh, (faid lie,) thole trunks contain no lefs than the 
lives and fortunes of all the good people of England!” 
They were filled with the addreffes lie had received. 
During the fublequent agitations he remained totally 
inaXive, joining with no party, though Lambert ap¬ 
pears to have had a defign of bringing him again upon 
the dage as his pageant. At the redoration he thought 
it prudent to retire to the continent, but fo much was he 
forgotten, that his name was not once mentioned in 
either lioufe of parliament ; and lord Clarendon aflerts, 
that he fled more through fear of his creditors than of the 
king. He took up his relidence for feme years at Paris, 
where he lived, under a feigned name, in great obfeurity. 
Thence, upon an alarm of war between England and 
France, he withdrew to Geneva. In his journey thi¬ 
ther, as he palled through Pezenas, he waited upon the 
prince of Conti, governor of the province. The prince, 
receiving him affably as an Englifh gentleman, began to 
converfe with him on the late tranfaXions in England, 
“Oliver Cromwell, (laid lie,) though a traitor and a 
villain, was a man of great courage and ability, and was 
worthy to-command; but for his fon Richard, he was a 
mere poltroon and ideot; what is become of the fellow ?” 
Richard replied, that “he was betrayed by tliofe whom 
he moll trailed, and who had been mod obliged to his 
father;” and then put an end to the converfation by with¬ 
drawing. Two days after, the prince was informed who 
the perfon was of whom he had fpoken fo freely before 
his face. Richard returned to England about 1680, and 
fixed his relidence at Chelhunt in Hertfordlhire, where 
he palfed under the name of Clark, only known by a 
few feleX friends. He did not avoid focial converfa¬ 
tion, but fcarcely ever hinted at his former condition. 
After the death of his only fon in 1705, he became en¬ 
titled to the jointure ellate which the Ion had inherited 
from his mother, and fent his youngelt daughter to take 
pofleflion of it. She and her lifters determined to keep 
it for themfelves, conlidering their father as fuperan- 
nuated. Exafperated at this treatment, he commenced 
a procefs at law againfl: them ; and as it was neceffary for 
him to appear in court, he was conveyed thither in the 
coach of his filler, lady Fauconberg. The judge, 
mindful of his former greatnefs, treated him with 
much refpeX, and caufcd him to fit covered. A decree 
was given in his favour. He had the curiolity on this 
occalion to vilit the houfe of lords; and being alked 
by a perfon prefent, if he had ever feen or heard 
the like, “Never, (faid he,) fince I fat in that chair;” 
pointing to the throne. Richard enjoyed to his death 
the vigour proceeding from temperance and a tranquil 
mind. He had been reconciled to his daughters, to 
whom, juft before his departure, he faid, “Live in 
love, I am going to the God of love.” He died in 
1712, in his eighty-lixth year, and lies interred in the 
parilh church of Hurlley in Hamplhire, contiguous to 
which the litigated ellate, now the property of Sir Wil¬ 
liam Heathcote, bart. is fituated. There is a handfome 
monument to his memory. He was undoubtedly a much 
happier and better-man than his father, though he is en¬ 
titled to. biographical commemoration only as the fon 
and fucceftor of fo diftinguifhed a perfon. 
CRO'NA, a town of France, in the department of the 
Saone and Loire, and chief place of a canton, in the dif- 
triX of Bourbon Lancy : eight miles north-nofth-weft of 
Bourbon Lancy. 
CRO'NACH, a fortified town of Germany, in the cir¬ 
cle of Franconia, and bilhoprie of Bamberg, near the 
river Cranach : thirty miles north-eaft of Bamberg. 
CRON'BORG, a fortrefs of Denmark, in the ifiand 
i F of 
