98 6 C It O 
of Zealand, H hi a ted on a point of land on the wed road 
of tlie Sound, a little to the eaft of Ellinoor, and oppofite 
to Elfingborg, in Sweden ; built by Frederic II. king of 
Denmark, in 1577, on piles of oak, ftrengthened with 
hone. In 1658, it was taken by Charles Guftavus, king 
of Sweden, after allege of a month, and reftored to Den¬ 
mark in 1660. The unfortunate queen Matilda was im- 
prifoned here before hie was removed to Zell. Adjoin¬ 
ing to a royal palace, about half a mile from Cronborg, 
is a garden, called Hamlet's Garden, fuppofed to be the 
fpot where the murder of his father was committed. 
CRONE, f. [cjione. Sax. according to Verftegan; kronie, 
Dut. according to Skinner.] An old ewe: 
Frefli herrings plenty Michel brings, 
With fatted crones , and fuch old things. Tvjfer. 
In contempt, an old woman.—The crone being in bed 
with him on the wedding night, and finding his averfion, 
endeavours to win his affedtion byreafon. Dryden. 
CRONE, or Koronow, a town of Pruffia, in Pome- 
relia : fifty-fix miles fouth of Dantzick. 
CRO'NEBANE, mines of Ireland, in tbe county of 
Wicklow : eight miles fouth-fouth-weft of Wicklow. 
CRO'NENBURG, a town of Germany, in the circle 
of Weflphalia, and county of Blankenheim i ten miles 
north-weft of Geroldftein. 
CRO'NET, f. The hair which grows over the top of 
an horfe’s hoof. 
CRO'NIUS, / The ancient name of the Athenian 
month Hecatombaeon ; which was the firft of their year, 
and anfwered to the latter part of our J une and begin¬ 
ning of July. There were feafts called Cronicnes cele¬ 
brated at Athens in this month, in honour of Saturn, 
anfwering to the Saturnalia of the Romans. 
CRO'NOBERG, a town of Sweden, in the province 
of Smalana. 
CRONSCH'WITZ, a town of Germany, in the circle 
of Upper Saxony, and territory of Newftadt: two miles 
north-weft of Weyda. 
CRONS'NIERE, an ifland in the Atlantic, about five 
miles in circumference, near the coaft of France. 
CRON'STADT, or Kronschad, a fea-port town of 
Ruflia, lituated on the ifiand of Retufari, in the gulf of 
Finland, where the principal part of the Ruffian fleet 
lies in harbour ; but the freflinefs of the water decays 
the timber. The only paflage by which lhips can ap¬ 
proach Peterlburg lies on the fouth fide of Retufari, 
through a narrow channel; one fide whereof is com¬ 
manded hy Cronftadt, and the oppolite by Cronflot and 
the citadel. Cronflot, which ftands upon a fmall illand 
of fand, is a circular wooden building, furrounded with 
fortifications of wood that jut into the water. The cita¬ 
del is another fmall wooden fortrefs, conftrudted alfo 
upon an adjacent fand-bank. All large velfels muft fail 
between Cronftadt and thefe two fortrelles expofed to the 
fire of the oppofite batteries; for the other parts of the 
gulf are only from one to eleven feet in depth. Cron¬ 
ftadt is built upon the fouth-eaftern extremity of the 
illand, and is defended towards the fea by wooden piers 
projecting into the water, and towards the land by ram¬ 
parts and baftions. It is a very ftraggling place; and 
occupies, like all the Ruffian towns, a larger fpace of 
ground than the number of habitations feem to require ; 
the houfes are moftly of wood, excepting a few fronting 
the harbour, which are of brick ftuccoed white. Among 
the latter are the imperial hofpital for failors, the bar¬ 
racks, and the academy for marines and officers of the 
navy. That feminary ufually contains between three 
and four hundred cadets, who are clothed, maintained, 
and taught, at the expence of the crown. Here is a fe- 
parate haven appropriated to the men of war, and an¬ 
other to merchant (hips. Clofe to the haven for mer¬ 
chant (hips is a canal and feveral dry docks for building 
as well as careening lhips of the line. At the extremity 
of thefe docks is a great refervoir, 568 feet in length, 
>yhich contains water fufficient to fupply all the docks j 
* 
C R o 
which is pumped into it by means of a fire-engine, the 
diameter of whole cylinder is fix feet. The length of 
this work, from the beginning of the canal to the end of 
the laft dock, is 4221 leer. The fides of the docks are 
faced with ftone, and the bottom is paved with granite. 
They are forty feet deep and 105 broad ; and are capable 
of containing nine men of War upon the ftocks. The 
number of inhabitants are eftimated at about 60,000: 
twenty miles weft of Peterlburg. Lat. 59. 58. N. Ion. 47. 
8. E. Ferro. 
CRON'STADT, or Kronstadt, or BRASSAU,atown 
of Tranfilvania, fituated about five miles from the river 
Alt, near the borders of Wallachia, from which it is fe- 
parated by lofty mountains, chiefly inhabited by Germans. 
The fuburbs are inhabited by Bulgarians, Hungarians, 
and Saxons: fifty miles eafi-north-eaft of Hermanftadt. 
Lat. 46. 30. N. ion. 42. 10. E. Ferro. 
CRON'STEDT (Axel Frederic), a celebrated Swedilh 
mineralogift, Ion of lieutenant-general Cronftedt, direc¬ 
tor of the royal fortifications, born in Sudermania in 
1722. At an early age he Ihewed a ftrong attachment 
to natural hiltory ; and on being fent to the univerlity of 
Upfal, he paid particular attention to mineralogy. In 
1742 he entered into the royal college of mines, and in 
1744 was appointed to vifit the diiferent mines in Swe¬ 
den, and to give in a report refpecting their nature, ftate, 
and condition. In 1746 he was admitted as a notary in 
the college of mines, and the fame year was appointed 
amanuenfis to the cabinet of the royal college, and the 
library belonging to it. He was many years actively em¬ 
ployed in various departments belonging to the mines,, 
during which he was often expofed to great danger by 
various accidents. 1111753 he was eledted a member of 
the royal academy of fciences at Stockholm, and in 1755 
made a tour to Norway to infpedt the mines of that coun¬ 
try. In 1756 he was appointed to fuperintend the open¬ 
ing of a new filver mine, faid to be found on the borders 
of Norway and Sweden ; and in 1758 he received a com- 
miifion to be infpedtor of all the weftern mines, an office 
which he held with great reputation till his death, which 
happened on the 19th of Auguft 1765. His works, be- 
lides a great many papers on metallurgy, economy, See. 
are, 1. An Inaugural Diflertation on improving the State 
of Mineralogy, 1754, publiffied in 1758. 2. An Attempt 
towards an Arrangement of Minerals, or of the different 
Subftances of the Mineral Kingdom, Stockholm, 1758. 
This was one of the firft fcientific fyftems of mineralogy. 
CRO'NY, /. An old acquaintance; a companion of 
long Handing. A cant word: 
So were the Scots, your conftant cronies, 
Th’ efpoufers of your caufe, and monies. Hudibrai. 
CROOK,/, [croc, Fr.] Any crooked or bent inftru.. 
ment. A ffieep-hook: 
I fing the man who Juda’s feeptre bore 
In that right hand which held the crook before. Cowley. 
Any thing bent; a meander : 
There fall thofe faphire-colour’d brooks, 
Which, conduit-like, with curious crooks, 
Sweet iflands make in that fweet land. Sidney. 
[Probably from croce, Fr.] A gibbet: 
She caus’d to be attacht and forthwith led 
Unto the crooke, t’abide the baleful ftowre 
From which lie lately had through refkew fled : 
Where he full ffiamefully was hanged by the lied. Spenfcr. 
To CROOK, v. a. [ crocher , Fr. ] To bend ; to turn in¬ 
to a hook.—It is highly probable that this difeafe pro¬ 
ceeds from a redundant acidity, becaufe vinegar will 
foften and crook tender bones. Arbutknot. —To pervert 
from redtitude ; to divert from the original end.—What- 
foever affairs pafs fuch a man’s hands, he crooketh them 
to his own ends. Bacon. 
To CROOK, v. n. To be bent; to have a curvature. 
—Their ffioes and pattens are fnouted and piked more 
than a finger long, crooking upwards. Camden. 
CROOK'BACK, 
