390 C R O 
ritance and treaty, to the marquifate of Brandenburgh, 
in 1476 and 1482. It was a fief of Bohemia till the year 
1746, when the queen of Hungary ceded the fovereignty 
to the king of Pruffia. It now makes.a part of the New 
Mark. 
CROS'SEN, a town of Germany, in the circle of 
Upper Saxony, and New Mark of Brandenburgh ; for¬ 
merly the capital of a duchy of the fame name ; fituated 
on the Oder, near the contlux of the Bober. It con¬ 
tains two churches' for Lutherans, one for Calvinifts, 
manufactures of cloth, and extenfive breweries. It is 
furrounded with old walls: twenty-one miles fouth-eafl 
of Frankfort on the Oder, and fixty-eight eafl-fouth-eall 
of Berlin. Lat. 52. 4. N. Ion. 32. 51. E. Ferro. 
CROSS'ES, /; By 13EUZ. c. 2. erodes, beads, See. 
ufed by the Roman catholics, are prohibited to be 
brought into this kingdom, on pain of a praemunire, &c. 
In ancient times, it was ufual for men to erect croffes on 
their houfes, by which they would claim the privileges 
ot the templars to defend themfelves againlt their right¬ 
ful lords; but this was condemned by fiat. Weftm. 2. 
c. 37. It was likewife cuftomary in thofe days to fet up 
erodes in places where the corpfe of any of the nobility 
relied, as it was carried to be buried, that a tranfcimtibns 
pro ejus anima deprccetur. Walfing. anno 1291. There were 
feveral elegant crolfes credited over England, efpecially 
in honour of the refting places of our kings, on their bo¬ 
dies being tranfmitted to any dilfant place for burial: but 
thefe fuperllitions funk in this kingdom with the Romilh 
religion. 
CROSSET,yi in heraldry, a little plain crofs. AJh. 
CROSS'GRAINED, adj. Having the fibres tranfverfe 
or irregular.—If the Half proves crojfgrained in any part 
of its length, then you mull turn your Hurt' to plane it 
the contrary way, fa far as it runs crojfgrained. Moxon. — 
Perverfe ; troublefome ; vexatious.—The fpirit of con¬ 
tradiction, in a crojfgrained woman, is incurable. L'EJlran. 
But wifdom, peevifn and crojfgrain'd t 
Mull be oppos'd, to be fultain’d. Prior. 
CROS'SIN, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of 
Lublin : twenty-four miles fouth-welt of Lublin. 
CROSS'LY, adv. Athwart; fo as to interfedl fome- 
thing elfe ; oppolitely ; adverfely ; in oppolition to.—• 
He that provides for this life, but takes no care for eter¬ 
nity, is wife for a moment, but a fool for ever; and atls 
as untotvardly and crojsly to the reafon of things, as can 
be imagined. Tillotfon. —Unfortunately. 
CROSS'NESS, f. Tranfverfenefs ; interfeftion ; per- 
verfenefs ; peeviihnefs.—The lighter fort of malignity 
turneth- but to a crojfnefs or aptnefs to oppofe; but the 
deeper fort, to envy, or mere mifehief. Bacon.' —They 
help us to forget the crofnejs of men and things, com- 
pofe our cares and our paflions, and lay our difappoint- 
ments afleep. Collier on Books. 
CRQSSOPE'TALUM,/; in botany. See Rhacoma. 
CROSSOS'TYLIS, J. [from x.goco- 0?, a fringe, and 
c-tuAk, a little pillar or flyle ; the lligma being fringed 
or jagged.] In botany, a genus of the clafs monadelphia, 
order polyandria. The generic characters are—Calyx : 
perianthium turbinate, quadrangular, fallened to the 
germ, four-parted ; fegments ovate, fpreading, perma¬ 
nent. Corolla : petals four, elliptic ; claw narrow, in¬ 
serted into the calyx ; nectary, corpufcles twenty, fili¬ 
form, ciliate, between the llamens. Stamina : filaments 
twenty, filiform, Ihorter than the calyx, connected at the 
bafe into a little pitcher; anther® fmall, roundilh. Pif- 
tillum; germ convex, fuperior; ftyle cylindric, the length 
of the llamens, permanent; fligmas four, fpreading very 
much, trifid. Pericarpium: berry, hemifpherical, grooved, 
one-celled. Seeds: very many, on a columnar receptacle 
in the center of the fruit.— F.ffential Character. Calyx fim- 
ple, four-parted ; corolla four-petalled ; neCtary, twenty 
corpufcles between the filaments ; iligmas four, jagged. 
Berry. The only known fpecies is called croffollylis bi¬ 
flora, obferved by Forfler at the Society Ifles. 
a 
C R o 
CROSS'POST, f The poll that carries letters on the 
crofs roads. - 
CROSS'ROAD, f. A by-road, a road from one place 
to another not lying in the London roads. 
CROSS'ROW, f The alphabet; fo named becaufe a 
crofs is placed at the beginning, to lhew that the end of 
learning is piety : 
He hearkens after prophecies and dreams, 
And from the crojjrozu plucks the letter G ; 
And fays a wizard told him, that by G 
His ilfue difmherited lhould be. Shakefpeare. 
CROSS'WICKS, a town in Burlington county, New 
Jerfey ; through which the line of ftages paifes from New 
Yoik to I hiladelphia. It lias a refpeciable quakermeet- 
ing-houfe: four miles fouth-welt of Allen Town, eight 
fouth-eafl of Trenton, and fourteen louth-well of Bur¬ 
lington. 
CrxOSS'WIND, f. Wind blowing from the right or 
Imt- r he lealt unhappy perfons do, in fo fickle and fo 
tempelluous a fea as this world, meet with many more ei¬ 
ther crojfwinds or llormy gulls than profperous gales. Boyle. 
CROSS' WAY, y. A fmall obfeure path interfeCling 
the chief road : 
Damn’d fpirits all, 
That in croffways and floods have burial. 
Already to their wormy beds are gone. Shakefpeare. 
CROSS'WORT,yi in botany. See Valantia. 
CROS'TOLO, the thirteenth department in the Ita¬ 
lian republic, comprehends a part of the former duchy 
of Modena, and contains 172,587 inhabitants, of which 
twelve reprefentatives are returned to Milan. Reggio 
is the chief town, near which an alkaline earth is found, 
fometimes in powder, and at others in the form of a fatty 
and oleaginous kind of rotten (lone. It is prepared into 
a fine, white, and feft, flour, and is adminiltercd as a 
powerful remeay againll poifons, and in fevers, dyfen- 
teiy and hypochondriacal difeales. In the mountains of 
Caftello di Monte, Barnzone, and near II Fiumetto, wells 
from 100 to 120 feet deep are dug, upon the furface of 
whofe waters a reddilh oil fwims, but moll abundantly 
in the fpring and autumn, and is (kimmed off every fort¬ 
night. In cafe fuch a well dries up, the fame well is 
dug deeper, or another is made. Near the Caftello di 
Monte Gibbio, fimilar wells are to be met with ; thefe 
continually produce a yellowilh oil, which is the beft in 
this country. It is ufed in medicines, varnilhing, and 
embalming. 
CROS'TOLO, a river of Italy, which runs into the 
Po, about a mile north-well from Luzzara, in the duchy 
of Mantua. 
CROTALA'RIAjyi [from the form of the legume 
like a ygoraXov. Linn. —Becaufe the feeds in the ripe cods 
make a rattling noile when lhaken, like a crotalum ; or 
becaufe the children of the Indians ufe them inftead of 
rattles. Miller. ] In botany, a genus of the clafs diadel- 
phia, order decandria, natural order papilionaceae, or le- 
guminofse. The generic characters are—Calyx : perian¬ 
thium three-parted, large, rather Ihorter than the co¬ 
rolla ; the two fuperior divilions lanceolate, leaning on 
the llandard; the third lanceolate, concave, fupporting 
the keel, three-cleft. Corolla: papilionaceous; ftandard 
cordate, acute, large, deprelfed on the fides; wings ovate, 
Ihorter by half than the llandard ; keel acuminate, length 
of the wings. Stamina: filaments ten, connate, riling, 
with a fplit line on the back, and gaping bafe; anther® 
Ample. Piltillum, germ oblong, reflex, hirfute; flyle 
fimple, bent inwards at an angle, riling; lligma obtufe. 
Pericarpium : legume Ihort, turgid, one-celled, two- 
valved, pedicelled. Seeds: one or two, globofe-kidney- 
ferm. There is the greatell affinity between crotalaria 
and ononis.— EJfential Chara&er. Legume turgid, inflated, 
pedicelled; filaments connate, with a filfure on the back. 
Species. I. Leaves fimple. 1. Crotalaria perforata, or 
perforated crotalaria : leaves perfoliate, cordate, tooth- 
letted. 
