398- C R O 
This is allied to the preceding; but the hairs are lefs 
difiinCt, fo that the whole plant appears to be tomen¬ 
tofe ; the leaves are narrow, flat, quiie entire, and have 
no glands either on the petiole, or at the bafe of the 
leaves, which are oblique and narrower on one fide at 
the bale. Native of Egypt. The proper place of thefe 
two is between the fixth and feventh fpecies. 
45. Croton coccinium, or fcarlet croton : leaves ovate, 
acuminate, quite entire, fmooth, biglandular at the bafe, 
dotted with fcarlet underneath; racemes terminating. 
Found in Ceylon by Koenig. 
46. Croton hevigatum, or fmooth croton: leaves el¬ 
liptic, very fmooth and even, without glands, entire and 
ferrate, obtufe ; racemes terminating, elongated. Na¬ 
tive of i-Iainam ; obferved by Dr. Dahl. The place of 
this and the preceding is between the twelfth and thir¬ 
teenth fpecies. 
47. Croton bitulinum, or birch croton: leaves ovate, 
obtufe, crenate-toothed, rugged, with dots on the upper 
furface, fomewhat rough, with hairs underneath ; ra¬ 
cemes axillary. This lias the appearance of betula, or 
birch. Branches round, with a purplifh bark, tomen- 
tofe-hoary at the end ; flowers fmall, rough with hairs ; 
females below ; calyx five-leaved. Native of the ifland 
of St. Thomas in the E.aft Indies. The place is between 
the feventeenth and eighteenth fpecies. 
48. Croton goUypifolium, or cotton-leaved croton: 
leaves cordate, three-lobed, tomentofe, biglandular at 
the bafe underneath ; Item arboreous. This is a tall 
tree, with round branches, tomentofe, and hoary at the 
top. Native of the ifland of Trinidad, found there by 
Von Rhor. Its proper place is between the twenty-firft 
and twenty-fecond fpecies. 
49. Croton procumbens, or proftrate croton: leaves 
wedge-fhaped, acute, quite entire. This is an inodo¬ 
rous, fhrubby, fmooth, plant, three feet high, the Items 
partly procumbent, partly ereCt; leaves petioled, alter¬ 
nate, two inches long; flowers fmall, green; the petals 
of the females twice as long as the calyx. Common at 
Carthagena. 
50. Croton niveum, or white croton : leaves cordate, 
acuminate, ferrulate, tomentofe-fhining beneath ; Item 
fhrubby. This is a fhrub ten feet high, eredt, having a 
pleafant aromatic fmell through all parts of it. Leaves 
green above, but beneath filvery and filming, varying 
much in fize; the flowers come out in vaft abundance 
before the appearance of the leaves, and the males falling 
off whiten all the ground. Native of Carthagena. 
51. Croton polygamum, or polygamous-fpiked cro¬ 
ton : leaves lanceolate, ferrate, thinly fet with decum¬ 
bent hairs. This is an upright fhrub, four feet high, 
but little fubdivided. Branches round, fmooth, afh- 
c.oloured ; leaves acute, fmoothifh, green on both lides, 
befet with filvery hairs, on very fhort petioles, alternate, 
almoft three inches long ; flowers whitifh, inodorous, her¬ 
maphrodite, male and female on the fame or different 
J ilants : flowers in June and July, ufually before the 
eaves appear. Native of Carthagena. 
Many of the new fpecies delcribed above from feveral 
authors, may hereafter, from a more accurate examina¬ 
tion by fuch as have leifure and opportunity, turn out 
either to be varieties, or the fame fpecies under different 
names, in the mean time they are given here on the au¬ 
thority of refnedlable authors. Gaertner has added two 
very doubtful fpecies, of which he thinks one, No. 52, 
may be an adrachne, on account of its twin feeds, and 
flightly curved embryo, though it differs from that and 
all the tricoccae in the ftruchire of the feed. The fruit 
of the other, No. 53, does "not belong to a crotpn, but 
having received it under that name, and not knowing 
where elfe to place it, he has left it under that genus. 
52. Croton cyanofpermum, or doubtful croton. Calyx 
five-leaved, fmall, turned back below the capfule,which 
is globular, fmooth, very obfeurely three-grooved, 
three-celled, tricoccous. Shells of the fubftance of 
paper, bivalve, elaitic ; in each cell a pair of feeds glued 
. £3. 
TON. 
together, convex on one fide, very obtufely angular oil 
the other; but when feparate acutely three-cornered, 
acuminate at the top and bafe, a fort of dry berry, violet- 
coloured or blue purple, of a very fmooth, even, fhin- 
ing, furface; outer covering membranaceous, fpongy 
within, middle bony, fmall, -obliquely cordate, coin- 
preiTed ; inner membranaceous, pale, fattened to the albu¬ 
men. It is called in Ceylon, lyan-gheddie. 
53. Croton cardiofpermum, or Ceylon croton. Seeds 
folitary, heart-fhaped, fomewhat comprefled, convex on 
one fide, on the other flat or (lightly concave, with an 
umbilical perforation in the hollow of the heart. It it 
called in Ceylon, kebella and kebbcle ; thefe differ only in 
the colour of the outer covering of the feed, which in 
the former is fulvous or red, in the hitter dufky or hrown. 
Propagation and Culture. All thefe plants, except the 
fixth, are natives of warm countries, and will not thrive 
in England, unlefs they be tenderly treated. They arc 
all propagated by feeds ; thefe which are annual perfect 
their feeds in England; but the fhrubby forts very rarely 
arrive to that perfection, fo their feeds muft be procured 
from the countries where they naturally grow. The 
feeds muft be fown on a hot-bed early in the fpring, and 
when the plants are fit to remove, they fhould be tranf- 
planted into a fmall pot, and plunged into a moderate 
hot-bed of tanner’s bark, where they fhould be fltaded 
from the fun till they have taken frefii root; then they 
muft have air admitted to them daily, in proportion 
to the warmth of the feafon; they muft alfo be fre¬ 
quently refrefhed with water. After the plants are 
grown too tall to remain in the frames, they fhould be 
removed, either into the (love, or a glafs cafe, where 
there is a hot-bed of tanner’s bark, into which the 
pots fhould be plunged, and there the annual forts will 
flower and perfeCt their feeds ; but the flirubby forts muft 
be removed into the bark-ftove in the autumn, and during- 
the winter feafon they fhould have but little water; ana. 
the ftove fhould be kept in a good temperature of heat, 
otherwife they will not live through the winter in 
England. As thefe plants retain their leaves all the 
year, they make a pretty variety in winter, when they 
are intermixed with other plants, whofe leaves are of 
different forms and colours from thefe. 
6. The feeds of this plant fhould be fown in the au¬ 
tumn, foon after they are ripe, in a fmall pot filled with, 
light earth, and plunged into an old tan-bed in a frame-, 
where they may be fereened from cold inf the winter; 
and in the fpring following the pot fhould be removed 
to a frefh hot-bed, which will bring up the plants in a 
month’s time ; when thefe are grown large enough t® 
remove, they fhould be each planted in a fmall pot, and 
plunged into a frefh hot-bed, being careful to fltade the 
glafles daily, until the plants have taken new root; then 
they fhould have air daily admitted according to the 
warmth of the feafon, and but little water given to them : 
with this management the plants will flower and produce 
good feeds here, but never with other treatment. Un¬ 
lefs the plants are brought forward in a hot-bed, the 
feeds do not ripen in this country. Mod of the flirubby’ 
forts may be increaled by cuttings or layers or both.. 
Croton lineare and aftroites will flrike very eafily from 
cuttings : croton glabellum and febiferum not fo eafily, 
but they may be raifed from layers, when feeds cannot, 
be procured from abroad. See Cluytia, and Tragia. 
CRO'TON, a north-eaftern branch of Hudfon river, 
in North America. It rifes in the town of New Fair-, 
field, in Connecticut, and running through Dutchefs. 
county, empties into Tappan bay. Croton bridge is. 
thrown over this river three miles from its mouth, on 
the great road to Albany. It is a folid fubftantial. 
bridge, 1400 feet long, the road narrow, piercing through, 
a flate. hill. It is fupported by fixteeo ftone pillars.. 
Here is an admirable view of Croton Falls, where the 
water precipitates itfelf between lixty and feventy feet 
perpendicular ; fine (late banks, in fome places one hun-t 
dreci feet high, ov.erlmng the bridge, and divide the wa. 
... • 
