CUCUBALU S. 
ten, Tabulate ; the alternate ones later, alternately in- 
ferted into the claws of the petal; antherae oblong. Pif- 
tillum : germ fomewhat oblong ; flyles three, longer 
than the Ihimens, fubulate ; digmas pubefeent, oblong, 
bent in an oppofite diredtion to the fun. Pericarpium : 
capfule covered, acuminate, three-celled, gaping five ways 
at the tip. Seeds: very many, roundith. The genus is 
didinguiftied from filene by the corolla having no necta- 
rial crown. The figure of the calyx is various in diffe¬ 
rent fpecies .—EJfcnlial Chara&er. Calyx inflated ; petals 
five, having claws, but no crown ; capfule three-celled. 
Species, i. Cucubalus bacciferus, or berry-bearing cam- 
J iion : calyxes bell-fliaped, petals diftant, pericarps co- 
oured, branches divaricate ; root perennial, creeping, and 
fpreading far in the ground. The whole plant fomewhat 
hairy. Stems mounting four or five and even eight or ten 
feet, among bullies, buttrailing if not fupported; herba¬ 
ceous, and dying to the root every year: they are cylin- 
dric, roughiih, and of a pleafant green. Flowers axillary, 
Handing (ingle on (lender peduncles, and nodding ; calyx 
ovate, bellying, cloven more than half way down, fre¬ 
quently tinged with purple ; petals fpreading, white, 
cloven, claws very narrow, little ears at the bale of the 
border, ferrated at the end ; fo that this, according to 
fome authors, is properly a filene. Fruit, an oval cap¬ 
fule refembling a berry, almod as large as a fmall black 
cherry, very black when ripe, fmooth, filming, foft, and 
full of pulp : at firfi it has three cells, but the partitions 
being of a loofe texture, they foon fhrivel up, and give 
the appearance of there being but one cell ; it does not 
open at the point as in filene and this genus. As the 
fruit enlarges, the calyx becomes more reflex, and when 
it is at the full fize, appears open, the calyx being turn¬ 
ed back to the peduncle. Seeds from thirty or thirty- 
five to forty, pedicelled, Ihining, wrinkled, kidney-form, 
blackilh. We have left this fpecies where Linnaeus has 
placed it, though Haller and others think that it does not 
properly belong to this genus. Dr. Stokes has given the 
following fpecific character: “ Stem branched, flowers 
folitary from the divilions of the branches, calyxes bell- 
lhaped, five-cleft, petals bifid, diftant and remarks, 
that its habit is that of ceraftium, but its general druc- 
ture that of filene ; and that it feems to form the con¬ 
necting link between them. Native of Germany, Flan¬ 
ders, France, Swiflerland, Carniola, Italy, and Spain ; in 
woods and hedges. Mr. Ray obferved it about Frank¬ 
fort, in Italy, and the fouth of France. In Britain, it 
has been found only in the Ifleof Anglefea. Johnfon, 
in Gerarde, (peaks of it as being wild in England, but 
fays that he had not feen it growing but in the garden of 
his friend, Mr. Pemble, at Marybone. Parkinfon af¬ 
firms that he has fometimes found it by hedge-fides in 
ourownland. It flowers in June and July. According 
to Miller, the berries are affirmed to be no lefs deadly 
than the atropa, or deadly nightfhade itfelf. 
2. Cucubalus behen, or bladder-campion, or fpat- 
ling poppy : calyxes fubglobular, fmooth, netted-vein- 
ed ; capfules three-celled; corollas almolt naked; root 
perennial, woody, yellow on the outfide, white within; 
Hem round, green, or red, a foot or eighteen inches in 
height. Linnams informs us, that a female variety is 
frequent in the Upfal garden; fmaller than the her¬ 
maphrodite, the calyxes exactly ovate, more dulky, 
not oblong-ovate, corolla lefs, fiamens (dorter by half 
than the corolla, terminated by a tubercle without an¬ 
therae, Hyles three or five, longer than the corolla, de¬ 
clining. Both plants are fertile. This fpecies varies 
with broader and narrower leaves, fmooth and hairy ; 
alfo with a double flower. Hence Mr. Miller has made 
three fpecies of this: i. Cucubalus latifolius, our Eng- 
li(h fpatling poppy, which he defines to have eredt 
fmooth Hems, and the Hamens longer than the corolla. 
2. Cucubalus anguftifolius, the Alpine campion, differ- 
ing from the foregoing in having much longer and nar¬ 
rower leaves, the Halks more divided and fpreading, and 
Vol, V. No. 284. 
42D 
the roots not creeping. 3. Cucubalus behen (var. y Linn.) 
native of Sweden and other northern countries, where it 
pafi'es for our common fort. The Halks of this are much 
larger, the leaves longer and more pointed ; the calyx 
curioufiy veined like net-work, of a purplifh colour, 
whereas that of our common fort is plain. Native of ai¬ 
med every part of Europe, in corn-fields and dry paf- 
tures, flowering in June, July, and Auguft. According to 
Linnaeus, horfes, cows, (heep, and goats, eat it. Schreber, 
on the contrary, fays that cattle rejedt it. In Gothland, 
they apply the herb externally in eryfipelatouseruptions. 
The leaves boiled have fomething of the flavour of 
peafe, and proved of great life to the inhabitants of Mi¬ 
norca in 1685, when a (warm of locufts had deftroyed the 
hal ved. Befides thofc given above, it has the names 
of white corn campion, and white bottle. 
3. Cucubalus fabarius, or bean campion : leaves obo- 
vate, fieffiy ; root biennial, putting out many fucculent 
leaves near the ground, out of the middle of which arifes 
an upright (talk about fifteen inches high, the lower 
part of which has leaves of the fame form and con¬ 
fidence as thofe at the bottom, but fmaller ; thefe are 
placed oppofite; the upper part of the dalk divides 
into two fmaller, on which dand a few fmall herbaceous 
flowers at each joint. It flowers in June, and fometimes 
ripens feeds in autumn. It was difeovered in the Levant, 
by Tournefort, who fent the feeds to the royal garden at 
Paris. It is a native of Sicily. 
4. Cucubalus vifeofus, or clammy campion : flowers 
lateral, every way decumbent; dent undivided, leaves 
reflex at the bafe ; root biennial ; dent very Ample, a foot 
high. The flowers do not all turn one way, as in mod 
of the fpecies, but nod every way, and fmell fweet at 
night. Fruit ovate, one-celled. Native of the Levant, 
Italy, Carniola, Sweden. Linnaeus obferves, that this is 
one of the many plants common to Sweden and mount 
Ararat, as we find from Tournefort’s collections. Mil¬ 
ler fays the root is perennial, the corolla pale red, and 
that it flowers in June. 
5. Cucubalusdellatus, or four-leaved campion : leaves 
in fours; grows naturally in Virginia and Canada. This 
has a perennial root, from which arife two or three (len¬ 
der upright flalks about a foot high, their lower part 
having four leaves at each joint, placed in form of a 
crofs, fmooth, of a deep green, about an inch and an half 
long, and half an inch broad near their bafe, terminating 
in acute points ; the joints of the upper part of the dalk 
have white fringed flowers, danding Angle upon pretty 
long peduncles, which come out by pairs oppofite. The 
flowers appear in J line, and in warm feafons the feeds will 
ripen in England. Cultivated in 1768, by Mr. Miller. 
6. Cucubalus ^Dgyptiacus, or Egyptian campion: 
flowers eredt, petals emarginate, retroflex, with a tooth- 
let on each fide. Found in Egypt by HafTelquifi. 
7. Cucubalus Italieus, or Italian campion : petals 
femibifid,calyxes club-fliaped,panicle dichotomous eredt, 
flamens and piflils declined, deni eredt. Stem about two 
feet high, vifeid, and from each joint two fide branches, 
under which are fituated two very narrow leaves ; it 
fpreads out and forms a (ort of panicle at top, the dem and 
branches being terminated by cluders of greenifti flowers 
Jacquin obferves, that the branches are dichotomous f 
the leaves lefs tomentofe than the Hem, felfile, fome 
bluntifti, others pointed, the upper ones alinofl linear, 
and the damens concolor, with the pidil inclining towards 
the ground. Retzius confiders our Dover campion as 
a variety of this. It is a native of Italy ; flowers in 
May and June, and the feeds ripen in autumn. 
8. Cucubalus tataricus, or hylfop-leaved campion : 
petals two-parted; flowers in one row, decumbent; pe¬ 
duncles oppofite, folitary, eredt; dem entirely Ample. 
Native of Ruflia ; flowers from June to Augud ; and is 
perennial. 
9. Cucubalus Sibiricus, or Siberian campion : petals 
emarginate, flowers fubverticilled,whorls umbellate, leaf- 
jR lefs. 
