«» 
408 C U M B E 
Carlifle is the chief. The county is generally mountain¬ 
ous ; but between North and South mountain, on each fide 
of Conedogwinet creek, there is an extenlive, rich, and 
well-cultivated, valley. It contains 18,243 inhabitants. 
CUM'BERLAND, a townfliip of the American States, 
in'York county, Pennfylvania.-—Alfo the name of a town- 
lhip in Waihington county, in the lame hate. 
CUM'BERLAND, a county of the American States, 
in Fayette diftridl, North Carolina, contains S071 inha¬ 
bitants. Chief town Fayetteville. 
CUM'BERLAND, a poll town of the American States, 
and the chief townfliip of Alleghany county, Maryland, 
iituate on the north bank of a great bend of Potowmack 
river, and on both Tides of the mouth of Will’s creek. 
It is 148 miles well by north of Baltimore, 109 meafured 
miles above George-town, and about 105 north-well of 
Waihington city. Fort Cumberland Rood formerly at 
the welt fide of the mouth of Will’s creek. 
CUM'BERLAND, a county of the American States, 
in Virginia, on the north lide of Appamatox river, which 
divides it from Prince Edward. It contains 8153 inhabi¬ 
tants. The court-houfe is twenty-eight miles from Pow¬ 
hatan court-houfe, and fifty-two from Richmond. 
CUM'BERLAND ISLAND, an ifland in the South 
Pacific Ocean. Lat. 19. 18. S. Ion. 140. 36. W.Greenwich. 
CUM'BERLAND ISLANDS, a duller of iflands near 
the norfh-ealt coalt of New Holland. Lat. 20. 36. S. Ion. 
148. 32. E. Greenwich. 
CUM'BERLAND MOUNTAIN, a mountain which 
occupies a part of the uninhabited country of the Hate of 
Tennefiee, in North America, between the dillridts of 
Waihington and Hamilton and Mero diftridl; and between 
the two firfl named diftridts and the Hate of Kentucky. 
The ridge is about thirty miles broad, and extends from 
Crow creek, on Tennefiee river, from fouth-well to north- 
call. The place where the Tennefiee breaks through the 
great ridge, called the Whirl or Suck, is 250 m les above 
the Mufclc {finals. Linteftone is found on both Tides the 
mountain. The mountain confifts of the molt llupendous 
iles of craggy rocks of any other in the weltern country, 
n feveral parts it is inacceffible for miles, even to the 
Indians on foot. In one place particularly, near the fum- 
mit of the mountain, there is a molt remarkable ledge of 
rocks of about thirty miles in length, and two hundred 
feet thick, (hewing a perpendicular face to the fouth- 
ealt, more noble and grand than any artificial fortifica¬ 
tion in the known world, and apparently equal in point 
of regularity. 
CUM'BERLAND RIVER, a river of North America, 
called by the Indians Shazvan e, and by the French Sha- 
vanon. It falls into the Ohio ten miles above the mouth 
of Tennefiee river, and about twenty-four miles due eall 
from fort Malik, and 1113 below Pittlburg. It is navi¬ 
gable for large vefiels to Nalhville, inTennefiee, and from 
thence to the mouth of Obed’s or Obas river. The Caney- 
fork, Harpeth, Stones, Red, and Obed’s, are its chief 
branches ; Tome of them are navigable to a great diltance. 
The Ciuhberland mountains in Virginia feparate the head 
waters of this river from thofe of Clinch river. It runs 
fouth-well till it conies near the fouth line of Kentucky, 
when its courfe is welterly, in general, through Lincoln 
county, receiving many llreams from each fide ; thence 
it flows fouth-well into the ftate of Tennefiee, where it 
takes a winding courfe, incloling Sumner, Davidfon, and 
Tennefiee counties ; afterwards it takes a north-weftern 
direction, and re-enters the (late of Kentucky ; and from 
thence it preferves nearly an uniform diltance from Ten¬ 
nefiee river to its mouth, where it is three hundred yards 
wide. It is two hundred yards broad at Nalhville, and 
its whole length is computed to be above 450 miles. 
CUM'BERLAND RIVER, a town fo called, where 
a pofi-oftice is kept, in Tennefiee, thirteen miles from 
Cumberland mountain, and eighty from the Crab-orchard 
in Kentucky. » 
CUM'BERLAND (Richard), a learned divine, and 
RLAND. 
prelate of the church of England, born in London In 
1632. His father fent him to St. Paul’s fchool for claf- 
lical education; whence he was removed to Magdalen- 
college, Cambridge, about the year 1649. In 1653'he 
took his degree of bachelor of arts, and in 1656 that of 
mailer of arts, when he entertained thoughts of embrac¬ 
ing the medical profellion, and for fome time purfued 
his lludles with that view. But he appears foon to have 
relinquifhed that defign, and, being eledled fellow of his 
college, entered into orders. We are not apprifed of the 
dates of tliefe events ; but we are informed that lie was 
very remarkable, while fellow of his college, for his af- 
liduous application to his fludies, as well as for the un¬ 
affected piety and unblemilhed probity of his life. In 
1657 he was incorporated matter of arts in the univerfity 
ol Oxford. During the following year he was prefented 
to the redtory of Brampton in Northamptonlhire, by fir 
John Norwich; in which living he continued after the 
relloration of Charles II. complying, without any fcruple, 
with the adl of uniformity, and the other regulations of 
the church as by law eftablifiied. In i v 66i he was ap¬ 
pointed one of the twelve preachers in the univerfity of 
Cambridge and, in 1663, went out bachelor of divinity 
at a public commencement, having performed his exer- 
cifes with univerfal applaufe. The principal part of his 
time, however, fince his acceptance of the redtory of 
Brampton, was (pent at that place, in the punctual dif- 
charge of his minifterial duties, and in an unwearied ap¬ 
plication to his (ludies. From thefe he indulged in few 
relaxations, excepting his journeys to Cambridge, which 
he frequently made, for the fake of preferving a, corre- 
fpondence with his learned acquaintance in that place. 
Out of this rural retirement he was enticed by his inti¬ 
mate friend fir Orlando Bridgeman, who, upon his re¬ 
ceiving the feals, in 1667, fent for him to London, made 
him his chaplain, and prefented him to the living of 
Allhallows in Stamford. In that town he difeharged his 
palloral lunCtions with indefatigable afliduity, ahd yet 
devoting no fmall (hare of his attention to philofophical 
and philological (ludies. The fil'd fruit of his learned 
labours, which he prelented to the world, was intitled De 
Legibus Nature Difquifitio Pkilofopkica, &c. or, a Philofo¬ 
phical Enquiry into the Laws of Nature ; in which their 
Form, Order, Promulgation, and Obligation, are invefti- 
gated from the Nature of Things ; and in which alfo the 
philofophical Principles of Hobbes, moral as well as civil, 
are confidered and refuted ; 1672, 4to. This work pro¬ 
cured the author a very high reputation, both at home 
and abroad, on account of the great learning, fcience, in¬ 
genuity, and modefty, which it difplays; and is confi¬ 
dered as the mod able anfwer, which had appeared, to 
the reafonings of the philofcpher of Malmfbury. It has 
been twice tranflated into Englifh ; firfl by Mr. Tyrrel, 
grandfon to archbiihop Ufiier, in 1692 ; and next by Mr. 
Maxwell, an Irilh divine, in 1727, with an introduc- 
tory preface concerning the miffaken Yiotions which the 
heathens had of the Deity, and the defects in their mo¬ 
rality, &c. and an appendix of two difeourfes, concern¬ 
ing the immateriality of a thinking fubftance, and the 
obligation, promulgation, and obfervance, of the law of 
nature. After the publication of this work, Mr. Cum¬ 
berland chiefly confined himfelf to his parochial duties, 
and to his fludies; until, in 1680, he was prevailed upon 
by the univerfity of Cambridge, to take upon him the 
exercife of refponding at the public commencement. The 
thefes which he maintained on that occafion, when he 
took his doctor’s degree, were intended to defend the 
eftablifiied church, both againft the papifls and the pro- 
teftant diflenters; and are recorded to have been fo Ikil- 
ful and mafterly, that many years afterwards the fame 
of them was freffi among the members of the univerfity. 
In 16S6 he publilhed another work, in which his pro¬ 
found learning, extenfive reading, and accurate judgment, 
obtained him new applaufe from the bed judges, not 
only in his own country, but alfo in foreign parts. It is 
intitled 5 
