CUP 
474 
clofely embraces a fwan, or, with one foot raifed in the 
air, he, in a muling polture, feems to meditate fome 
trick. Sometimes, like a conqueror, lie marches tri¬ 
umphantly with a helmet on his head, a fpear on his 
Ihoulder, and a buckler on his arm, intimating, that even 
Mars himfelf owns the fuperiority of love. His power 
was generally known by his riding on the back of a lion, 
or on a. dolphin, or breaking to pieces the thunderbolts 
of Jupiter. Among the ancients he was worfhipped with 
the fame folenmity as his mother Venus, and as his in¬ 
fluence was extended over the heavens, the fea, and the 
earth, and even the empire of the dead, his divinity was 
univerfully acknowledged, and vows, prayers, and facri- 
iices, were daily offered to him. According to fome ac¬ 
counts, the union of Cupid with Chaos gave birth to 
men, and all the animals which inhabit the earth, and 
even the gods themfelves were the offspring of love be¬ 
fore the foundation of the world. Cupid, like the reft 
of the gods, affumed different fliapes ; and we find him 
in the .ffinekl putting on, at the requeft of his mother, 
the form of Afcanius, and going to Dido’s court, where 
lie infpired the queen with love. Ovid. Oppian. Theocritus. 
CUPI'DITY, f. \_cupiditas, Lat.] Concupifcence; un¬ 
lawful or unreafonable longing. 
CUPINO'VA, a town of Servia, on the river Save : 
four miles foutli-fouth-weft of Belgrade. 
CU'POLA,/ [Italian.] A dome ; the hemifpherical 
fummit of a building.—Nature feems to have defigned 
the head as the cupola to the moft glorious of her works; 
and when we load it with fupernumerary ornaments, we 
deftroy the fymmetry of the human figure. Addijon. 
CUP'PER, J'. One who applies cupping-glaffes; a 
fcarifier. 
CUP'PING-GLASS, f. A glafs ufed by fcarifiers to 
draw out the blood by rarefying the air.—In this cafe it 
ought to be drawn outward by cupping-glajfes, and brought 
to fuppuration. WiJ'eman. —Formerly the cupping-glafs 
was made of horn, or fome kind of metal. It is of great 
antiquity, being mentioned by Hippocrates. Different 
names have been given to them, according as they were 
ufed with or without fcarifications, as leves, arentes, 
ficcatae, &c. Theancients had them with narrow mouths, 
for drawing more forcibly, and with wider mouths for 
drawing more gently. Dry cupping is when the glaffhs 
are ufed without fcarifying. Sanguineous or wet, is 
when fcarifications are made. 
The prefent mode of applying a cupping-glafs is to ex¬ 
pel the air by heat, which is done by having fpirit of 
wine in a lamp to which is affixed a fpout, through which 
fome cotton wick is drawn, impregnated with the fpirit: 
this is fet on fire, then put within the cupping-glafs, 
which is inftantaneoufly applied to the part, and adheres 
with a ftrong attraction. The ufe of dry cupping is to 
invite a humour to the place where the glafs is applied, 
in order to remove it from another. The operation Mould 
be repeated until the part becomes red, and is in pain. 
When fcarification is ufed with cupping, the part fhould 
firft be dry cupped until it appears red ; then make the 
incifions with the fcarificator. If fcarifications are to be 
made in feveral parts, begin below and proceed upwards, 
or the blood will incommode the operator. The fcari¬ 
fications made, the air mud be excluded from the glafs 
by burning lomething in it, as above-mentioned, and 
then applying it. The prelfure of the external air prelfes 
the glafs forcibly to the Hein j and the glafs, being emp¬ 
tied of its air by the fire introduced in it, powerfully 
attrafts the blood. The operation ended, the part fliould 
be wiped with a fponge dipped in warm water; and, to 
flop the bleeding, a little fpirit of wine may be applied 
by dipping a linen rag therein, and applying it over the 
fcarifications. 
This operation does not feem to be neceffiiry, except 
when blood cannot be obtained by opening a vein in the 
ufuai manner. Celfus fays, that “ cupping is needful 
when the body is to be relieved in fome acute diforder, 
CUP 
and yet the ftrength does not admit of a lofs of blood 
from the veins.” It is true, that the flow difeharge of 
blood by cupping, does not leffen the vital heat fo much 
as the fame quantity of blood does when fuddenly taken 
away by opening a vein; but in fuch cafes, as'Celfus 
fuppofes, other more eligible means of relief may be 
made ufe of with lefs fatigue to the already enfeebled 
patient, and more to his advantage. The blood extracted 
by fcarification and cupping, Hoffman fays he often exa¬ 
mined, and found to be the fame with that from the 
veins ; if fo, there appears no other advantage from cup¬ 
ping than what arifes from opening a vein, except what 
may happen from the flow difeharge of the blood in the 
firft method of extracting it, and the relief of the part 
only, when the complaint is local. Some extol cupping 
in apoplexies, epilepfies, and fome kind of convulfions° 
becatife they fay that the fpafms are increafed by the 
fpeedier difeharge of blood which is the confequence of 
phlebotomy. The taking away blood by this mode is 
chiefly to relieve fome part locally affected, or in weak 
conftitutions, or torpid habits, where the general mode is 
unneceffary, or might produce too debilitating effeCts. 
CUP'PIS, a town of Sweden, in the province of Fin¬ 
land. 
CU'PREOUS, adj. [ cupreus , Lat.] Coppery; confid¬ 
ing of copper.—Having by the intervention of a little fal 
ammoniac, made copper inflammable, I took fome fmall 
grains, and put them under the wick of a burning can¬ 
dle ; whereby they were with the melted tallow fo kin¬ 
dled, that the green, not blue, flame of the cupreous 
body did burn. Boyle. 
CUPRES'SO-PINULUS,yi in botany. See Brunia. 
CUPRES'SUS, f. \_v.vu, to come forth, and vagio-oc, 
equal; from the regularity of its branches.] In botany, 
the Cypress-Tree; a genus of the clafs monoecia, or¬ 
der monodelphia, natural order of coniferas. The generic 
characters are—< 1 . Male flowers difpofed in an ovate 
ament. Calyx : ament common ovate, compofed of Mat¬ 
tered flowers ; confiding of Angle flowered lcales, round- 
iffi, acuminate on their fore-part, peltate, oppofite, about 
twenty in number. Corolla: none. Stamina : filaments 
none ; the office of them is borne by the calycine Male, 
to which on the lower part grow four anthens. II. Fe¬ 
male flowers heaped into a roundifh cone on the fame 
plant. Calyx : ltrobile common roundifli, compofed of 
from eight to ten florets, confiding of fingle-flowered 
Males, which are oppofite, ovate, convex beneath, gap¬ 
ing. Corolla: none. Piftillum: germ fcarcely evident; 
numerous points appear within each calycine Male ; are 
they germs without ftyles, each with a Ample ftigma ? 
fubtruncate, concave at the tip. Pericarpium : none • 
ftrobile-globofe, fhut, gaping with orbiculate fcales^ 
which are angular and peltate beneath. Seeds: feveral, 
oblong, angular, fubulate, fmall.— EJfential Char aider. 
Male. Calyx, Male of an ament; corolla, none; anthene 
four, fefiile, without filaments. Female. Calyx of a (Mo¬ 
bile: Male one-flowered ; corolla, none ; ftyles, concave 
dots ? nut angular. 
Species, i. Cupreffus fempervirens, or evergreen cy- 
prefs : leaves imbricate, fronds quadrangular. Stem up¬ 
right, with many round branches, either growing up¬ 
right, or fpreading abroad; ftrigofe and toothed with the 
rudiments of leaves. Fronds dichotomous, fubquadran- 
gular; leaflets alternately oppofite, decurrent, fiubcan- 
nate, the older ones diftant and mucronate, the younger 
clofely imbricate. Fruit globular or fomewhat ovate, 
on the fides, or at the ends of the branches, when unripe 
dark green. It is a cone or ftrobile, called by Varro gac~ 
Lulus, and is compofed of large, angular, peltate, corky, 
Males, flightly convex on the outfide, ftreaked in rays, 
and mucronate in the center, becoming woody, and fepa- 
rating when ripe, on the infide ending in a thick angular 
peduncle, to the extremity of which four little nuts ad¬ 
here, which are bony, obovate, compreffed, or irregu¬ 
larly angular, covered with a thin membranaceous Ikin 
ok 
