c u s 
CUR'ZOLA, a city of European Turkey, at the eafl 
end of the ifland to called ; the fee of a bifliop, and refi- 
dence of a governor. It is fortified with flrong walls 
and towers, and has a good harbour. The Turks at¬ 
tempted to make a defcent here in 1507, but were re- 
pulfed by the women, after the men had fled into the 
country through fear. 
CURZOLA'RI, an ifland, or rather five fmall iflands, 
which are little more than rocks, in the Mediterranean, 
near the coaft of Greece: twelve miles eali of Cepha- 
lonia. 
CU'SA (Nicolas de), a learned cardinal, called alfo 
Cufanus, born of obfcure parents, at a village in the 
diocefe of Treves, whence he had his furname, in 1401. 
Meeting with fevere treatment in his father’s houfe, he 
deferted it, and entered into the fervice of the count de 
Manderfcheidt, who, finding him to poffefs good natural 
abilities, and an inclination for learning, fent him to ftudy 
at Deventer. He afterwards purfued his ftudies in fome 
of the mod: celebrated univerlities of Germany and Italy, 
end took the degree of dodlor in canon law at Padua, 
when about twenty-three years of age. Befides his in¬ 
timacy with the Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, languages, 
he diftinguiffied himfelf by his knowledge of philofophy, 
law, mathematics, and ecclefiaftical hiftory. His firft 
preferment in the church was the redtory of St. Flo¬ 
rence, at Coblentz ; after which he was nominated to a 
deanery at Conftance, and to the archdeaconry of Liege. 
In the latter capacity he aflifted, in the year 1431, at the 
council of Bafil; where he fubmitted a propofition for 
the reformation of the calendar, which the difputes be¬ 
tween the pope and the council prevented from being 
confidered with the attention due to it. After the break¬ 
ing up of that council, he attached himfelf to the in- 
terells of pope Eugenius IV. who fent him his legate to 
Conftantinople, to endeavour to bring about an union 
between the Greek and Latin churches. His fervices, 
during this million, recommended him lo highly to the 
papal fee, that he was afterwards fent legate into Ger¬ 
many, and into France, on difficult and delicate political 
and ecclefiaftical negociations. After the death of pope 
Eugenius, he retired to his archdeaconry of Liege, where 
he appears to have confined himfelf chiefly to his lite¬ 
rary and mathematical ftudies. In 1448, pope NicolasV. 
railed him to the purple, and appointed him bifliop of 
Brixen, in the Tirol. In 1450, he was fent legate a la. 
tere into Germany, with the view of compofing the dif¬ 
ferences which at that time exifted among the Germanic 
princes, and of engaging them to unite their efforts againft 
the Turkilh emperor Mahomet II. who was making a 
rapid progrefs in fubjugating the feeble remains ot the 
Conftaiitinopolitan empire. But in this objedf of his 
embaffy he does not appear to have fucceeded. On the 
capture of Conftantinople by Mahomet, in 1453, cardi¬ 
nal Cufa renewed his efforts, with additional zeal, to 
unite the Chriftian princes againft the Turks, although 
without any better fuccefs than formerly ; and addrelfed 
to pope Pius II. a refutation of the Koran, which is 
fpoken of as a very learned and judicious performance. 
By that pope he was again fent as legate into Germany, 
to maintain the rights of the holy fee againft the claims 
of the fecular princes; and, on his return, was confti- 
tuted papal legate at Rome, and governor of the city, 
during the abfence of the pope at Mantua. He died at 
Todi, a town in Umbria, in 1464, in the lixty-third year 
of his age. He was the author of a variety of learned 
and ingenious produdlions, publifhed at different places, 
which were collected and printed in three volumes folio, 
at Bafil, in 1365. The firft volume confifts of theologi¬ 
cal and metaphyfical pieces ; the fecond, of controverfial 
tradls; and the third, of mathematical, aftronomical, 
and geographical works. 
CUSA'NO, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, 
and province of Lavora : twenty-two miles north-call of 
"Capua. 
C U S 491 
CUS AWATU', a town of United Am erica, in the ftate 
of Georgia : ninety-five miles weft of Tugerloo. 
CUS'CO, a city of South America, in Peru, and fee 
of a bifliop ; the moft ancient, grand, and magnificent, of 
tire country ; built by the fir It Ynca, or Inca Mango, on 
the fide of feveral hills. At firft it was peopled by In¬ 
dians in cabins rather than houfes. As the empire ex¬ 
tended, the houfes multiplied, and became more elegant. 
In the center was a large level place, from which four 
grand ftreets divided. Each province of the empire had 
its peculiar quarter, in which they muft refide during 
life, without the liberty of changing. They might pre- 
ferve their ancient cuftoms, but were all compelled to 
worfliip the fun in a fumptuous temple, vvhofe walls were 
incrufted with gold and filver, and adorned with different 
figures, and idols of the different nations fubdued by the 
Incas. On a hill towards the north are yet feen the ruins 
of a fortrefs built by the Incas, which had a communi¬ 
cation, by means of fubterraneous paffages, with three 
forts built in the walls of Cufco. The wall was of an 
extraordinary height, and built of (tone with an aftonifliing 
neatnefs. The Spaniards, under Don Francifco Pizarro~ 
entered and took poffeffion of it in 1334. They found 
the houfes built with ftone ; and amongft them a great 
number of palaces, wdiofe principal ornaments were of 
gold and filver, which glittered on the walls. All the 
defcendants of the Incas refided in a particular quarter. 
Cufco is at prelent a large city : the houfes are built of 
ftone, and covered with red tiles ; the apartments arc 
well diftributed; the mouldings of the doors are gilt, 
and the furniture not lefs magnificent. The cathedral 
church is large, all of ftone, and of an elegant and noble 
architecture. There are nine parifti churches, and feve¬ 
ral convents and hofpitals. The government is in the 
hands of a corregidor, wdio has a council of regidors 
eledfed among the nobles of the town ; and from thefe 
are chofen the alcades. The bifliop has an income of 
about four thoufand pounds a-year. The chapter is 
compofed of five dignitaries, four canons, and four offi¬ 
cers. Cufco contains about 12,000 Indians, 300001-4000 
Spaniards, and a great number of (laves. The diocefe 
is divided into fourteen jurifdidtions, three of which be¬ 
long to the viceroyalty of Buenos Ayres, and eleven to 
Peru, in the audience of Lima. The Indian inhabitants 
are very induftrious in the manufacture cf baize, cotton, 
and leather. Many of them have a tafte for painting; 
and fome of their performances have been admired even 
in Italy, and are difperfed all over South America. The 
jurifdidlion of Cufco extends about three or four leagues 
from the walls. The air is temperate, but cold on the 
hills ; is fertile in grain and fruit, and well watered by 
the rivers Apurimak and Yukai. Lat. 13. 30. S. Ion. 54. 
50. W. Ferro. 
CUSCOWIL'LA, a plantation and diftridf in Eaft 
Florida, the capital of the Alachua tribe of Indians, and 
(lands in the moft pleafant fituation that could be defired 
in an inland country; upon a high fwelling ridge of fandy 
hills, within four hundred yards of a large and beautiful 
lake, abounding with fifli and fowl. The lake is ter¬ 
minated on one fide by extenfive forefts, confiding of 
orange groves, over-topped with grand magnolias, palms, 
poplar, tilia, live-oaks, See. on the other fide by exten¬ 
five green plains and meadows. The habitations conlift 
each of two houfes, nearly of the fame fize, large arid 
convenient, and covered clofe with the bark of the cy- 
prefs tree. Each has a little garden fpot, containing 
corn, beans, tobacco, and other vegetables. In the great 
Alachua favannah, about two miles diftant, is an inclofed 
plantation, which is worked and tended by the whole 
community, yet every family has its particular part. 
Each family gathers and depofits in its granary its proper 
(hare, fetting apart a fmall contribution for the public 
granary, which (lands in the tnidft of the plantation. 
CUSCU'TA,/. [according to Linnaeus, a corruption 
from the Greek or 3 which is from the 
1 Arabic 
