510 C Y C L O I 
colour is blackifh above, white underneath ; there are 
two ferrated tubercles in the palate ; it haunts the North 
Sea. 
There is another variety called rarior, diftinguiffied by 
a very long dorfal fin. Both thefe were formerly placed 
by Linnaeus among the diodons , and by Artedius among 
the ojlracions. 
2. Cyclopterus minutu's, the fmall lump-fifh : fpecific 
character, three tubercles on the fnout; a long fpine 
holds the place of the firft dorfal fin ; the membrane of 
the gills has four rays, the fecond dorfal eight, the pec¬ 
torals fixteen, ventrals feven, the tail, which is rounded, 
ten ; there are two v. hite tubercles near the apertures of 
the gills, one armed with two prickles ; the lips are 
double ; the palate is furniflied with teeth as well as the 
jaws; its ufual abode is the Atlantic Ocean ; the fpeci- 
men described by profelfor Pallas was only an inch long. 
.3. Cyclopterus nudus, the naked lump-fifit : fpecific 
character, a fpine on each fide of the hind part of the 
head ; only one ray in the membrane of the gills, (ix in 
the dorfal fin, twenty-one in each pectoral, one hundred 
in each ventral (four of them prickly rays), and ten in 
the tail. Linnaeus fays no more of this filh than that it 
is found in India. It is very little larger than the pre¬ 
ceding fpecies, and has no tubercles on the fkin ; the 
fpine on each fide of the head is double ; the ventral 
fins are united in a particular.manner, for their parts are 
very didindt ; the anterior part being fufiained by four 
rays, the remaining part by a very confiderable number. 
4. Cyclopterus dentex, the toothed lump-fifh : fpecific 
charadter, a wide mouth, and firong conical teeth irre¬ 
gularly difiributed in both jaws; the membrane of the 
gills has two rays, the dorfal fin eight, the pcdtorals eacii 
twenty-three, the ventrals fo.ur, the anal fix, the tail 
(which is rounded) ten. Forthisand the two following 
fpecies we are indebted to Pallas. "This takes its name 
from the remarkable dillribution of the teeth : in the 
upper jaw there are four on the right fide, three in the 
left ; in the lower, feven on the left fide, three on the 
right, and ten in the middle. The Ikin is hard and dry, 
without fpines, tubercles, or viltble feales; the upper 
furface of the body red, the lower whitilh ; the head is 
very large, flat, much wider than the body ; and the 
mouth goes all acrofs it; the lips are thick, double, and 
tVrnilhed with foft flefliy caruncles within ; the gill-co¬ 
verts are hard and broad ; the belly is broad and large ; 
near the anus is a flefliy, hollow, perforated, procefs, as 
obferved in fevernl other fpecies of fifli ; through this is 
voided the liquor which is defined to fecundate the ova 
of the female ; iris filver-colour. It is found in the fait 
waters which wafh the ihores of South America, and 
grows more than three feet long. •? 
5. Cyclopterus ventricofus, the big-bellied lump-fifh : 
fpecific character, belly fwelled out by a large double 
urinary bladder; the membrane of the gills has four 
rays, the dorfal fin ten, the pedtorals twenty, ventrals 
lix, anal nine, tail, which is fquare, ten. We remarked 
that the toothed lump had a large belly, but the belly of 
this is much larger, being difiended by the means men¬ 
tioned above. The mouth is in the upper part of the 
head, and very wide ; the teeth are numerous, but Hand 
without order; the gill-coyerts are fadened to the aper¬ 
ture almoit all round; the Ikin is covered with a thick 
mucus; all its parts are flabby and loofe ; the upper 
furface is mofily of an olive-colour. This fpecies is 
found in the fea which feparates Kamtfchatka from 
North America ; it feldom exceeds a foot in length. 
6. Cyclopterus gelatinofus, the flimy lump-filh : fpe¬ 
cific charadter, pedtoral fins broad, mouth opening up¬ 
wards ; there are feven rays in the membrane of the gills, 
fifty-one in the dorfal fin, thirty in each pedtoral, forty- 
five in the anal, and fix in the tail. The Ikin is entirely 
foft and covered with flime, which oozes plentifully 
through four-a: d-twenty apertures, two between each 
nofinl and the mouth, .and ten between each lip and its 
T E R U S. 
correfponding branchial aperture ; the lips are double*, 
thick, flefliy, and the interior part is moveable backwards 
and forwards ; the opercula of the gills are foftifh and 
flabby ; the pectoral fins are very broad, the ventrals 
fmall, the dorfal and anal very long, reaching to the 
tail ; they are flabby, and their rays are very foft; the 
whole filh is fo oily as to be femi-tranfpa'rent; the muf- 
cles are fo foft, that when the fifli is quite at reft, and 
fome time after death, it exhibits that kind of tremulous 
motion we obferve in jelly. It is confequently very bad 
food ; dogs, who are ufed to be fed with filh at Kamtf¬ 
chatka, will not feed upon this fpecies, though ever fo 
hungry. It grows about a foot and a half in length; 
the body is rather long, tapering away to the tail ;°the 
mouth opens upwards; the tongue is fo fmall as to be 
hardly perceptible. Its general colour is white mixed 
with red ; the gill-coverts dark, purple, the dorfal and 
anal fins almoit black. 
7. Cyclopterus liparis, the fea-fnail; the pedtoral fins- 
reuch to the throat, and refemblifa beard, which is the 
fpecific charadter; the pedtoral fins have thirty-four 
rays, the ventrals, which are united, twelve, the mem¬ 
brane of the gills feven, the anal fin thirty-three, the 
tail ten, the dorfal forty-one. The body is long, thick, 
without feales, and entirely covered with an undtuous 
matter, whence its name of fcaJhail; the head and fides 
are yellow, the belly white ; the back and fins are brown, 
and the whole furface ornamented with brown dots and 
lines; the head is fhort, flat, and broad; the mouth 
opens wide, and the upper jaw is fomewhat longer than 
the under one ; both jaws are armed with very fmall 
fliarp teeth ; from the upper lip hang two little barbies ; 
the noftrils are between thefe barbies and the eyes ; the 
eyes are fmall, placed at the fides, and not far from the. 
top of the head ; the pupil is black, iris yellow : the 
gill-covert is flat, and united to the trunk by means of 
the membrane ; the aperture is narrow, opening upwards; 
the gills are fmall, four 011 each fide; the body is late¬ 
rally comprefTed ; the lateral line runs through the mid¬ 
dle of the body ; the belly juts out; the body is held 
in a thin loofe Ikin, as in a bladder; the fins are long, 
except the tail, which is fhort; the ventral fins are 
united in a circle, and this is the part which the animal 
applies to thefe places to which it means to adhere ; 
this circle is bluifli, with twelve brown fpots arranged 
likewife in a circular form. 
This fpecies is found in the North Sea, efpecially about 
Holland, Greenland, England, and Kamtfchatka. It 
pafles alfo into rivers, and is caught at Amfterdam in 
the Y. In thefe parts, it never grows more than fix or. 
feven inches long; but at Kamtfchatka they attain a 
length of eighteen. They fpawn in February according 
to Pennant ;, and Stiller fays the ova are as large as peafe. 
The flefh is fo undtuous, that it melts into an oil in the 
fun. It lives on aquatic infedts, fnails, and fmall filh ; 
and is caught in nets. The flelh is fo bad, that, accord¬ 
ing to Steiler, even dogs refufe it, though they will eat 
fifh half rotten ; and hence the Ruffians iuppofe it to be 
poifonous. There are fixty-four vertebrae in the fpine of 
the back. 
8. Cyclopterus lineatus, the driped lump-fifh. Specific 
character, one ray in the membrane of the gills, and lon¬ 
gitudinal ftripes on tire body. This refembles the- pre¬ 
ceding in many refpedts : the dorfal and anal fins unite 
with the tail; it prefers alio thofe extremities of the 
northern feas which are neared to the pole,- and mod 
expofed to the rigour of cold, efpecially the White Sea. 
It is of a maroon colour, with white dripes, fome drait, 
others undulated. The lips are covered with a thick 
fkin, with papillae from the interior of the mouth. The 
back is railed or arched; the dilk formed by rite lower 
fins is furrounded with papillae of a reddilh colour; the 
tail fin goes off to a point. 
9. Cyclopterus bimaculatus, the two-fpotted lump-fifh,. 
Specific charadter, the pedtoral fins lie towards the back 
of 
