C Y D 
of the head; a fpot upon each fide. This fifh is met 
with on our own coafts, and is defcribed by Pennant. 
Linnaeus has not noticed this fpecies nor the following. 
It has neither tubercle nor fcale. The head is flatted, 
and wider than the body. The peCtoral fins are almoft 
on the. nape of the neck ; and juft beyond them is a black 
round fpot on each fide. The head and back are of a 
faint red, which is finely fet off by the white colour of 
the fins. The rays of the caudal fin are all equal, form¬ 
ing what is called a ftrait or fquare tail. 
10. Cyclopterus fpatulus, the fpatula Itimp-fifli. Spe¬ 
cific character, the fnout extended in the form ot a fpa¬ 
tula or flice. This is defcribed in Borlafe’s Natural fllif- 
tory of.Cornwall. It has no vifible fcales. Its colour is 
dark red. The muzzle is flat, widening at the end like 
a fpatula or flice. 
11. Cyclopterus lepadogafter, the double-finned lump- 
fifh. Specific character, five rays in the membrane of the 
gills, and two barbies between the noftrils and eyes. The 
dorfal fin has eleven rays, each of the under fins four, the 
anal nine. This fifti is made a feparate genus by Cepeae, 
under the name of lepadogafter, which appellation was 
given it by Gouan, who firft defcribed it, to exprefs tire 
fhape of the lower fins, which are fo united as to have 
the appearance of a fhell or difk. In this refpedt it very 
well agrees with the other lump-fifh, for the word cyclop, 
terns expreffes nearly the fame thing ; but it differs from 
them, and from moft which are known, in having two 
peCtoral fins'on each fide, the front one a little lower 
than the hinder one. There are no vifible fcales ; but 
the body is inverted with little brown tubercles. The 
fnout is pointed ; the head is wider than the body ; the 
upper jaw protruded. Two thin filaments or barbies 
arile between the noftrils and eyes. The mouth is tur- 
nifhed with teeth of two kinds, fome blunt and granu- 
lous, the reft ftiarp, fplit in two, and bent back. The 
dorfal fin is oppofite the anal,- the tail-fin rounded. Three 
brown femilunar fpots appear on the head ; and an oval 
fpot ftudded with white dots on the body. The fifh ob- 
ferved by Gouan was about a foot long, and was caught 
in the Mediterranean. 
12. Cyclopterus mufculus, the fea-monfe. Specific 
character, thirty-three rays in each peCtoral fin, nineteen 
in the anal, and five in the caudal. This fpecies was 
found by citizen Noel in the Eurus near Havre. They 
are caught in the autumn; and are about four inches 
long. The head is broader than high ; the tongue fills 
up a great part of the throat; the palate is fmooth, but 
there are two rugged bones in the gullet. The eyes are 
finall and round ; the noftrils oval. Each operculum is- 
covered with a foft fkin, which terminates backwards in 
a blunt point. The (kin is loofe over the body and tail; 
there is a flight furrow along the neck. In the rnidft ot 
the ventral fins, which unite in a difk as in moft of the 
fpecies, and felfoon outwardly, is an appearance ot nip¬ 
ples, more or lefs numerous. The tail-fin is cinereous 
grey; the reft of the fins brownifh. It has its name lrom 
its finall fize, its colour, and the nimblenefs ot its mo¬ 
tions; it feeds on fmaller fifh, flirimps, &c. 
CY'DER. See Cider. 
CY'DIAS, a painter who made a painting of the Ar¬ 
gonauts in the nth Olympiad. This celebrated piece 
was bought by the orator Hortenfius for 164 talents. 
CYD'NUS,/! in ancient geography, a river of Cilicia, 
rifling in mount Taurus, to the north of Tarfus, through 
whole middle it ran, in a very clear arid cold ftream, 
which had almoft proved fatal to Alexander on bathing 
in it when covered with fweat. It falls into the lea at 
a place called Rhegma, a breach, the fea breaking in there, 
and affording the people of Tarfus a ftation or port tor 
their (hips. The water of the Cydnus is commended by 
Strabo as of fervice in nervous dilbrders and the gout. 
CYDO'NIA, or Cydon, in ancient geography, one 
of the three moft illuftrious cities of Crete, fituated in 
the north-weft of the ifland, with a locked port, or walled- 
C Y L 511 
round. The circumftances of the founding of Cydon are 
uncertain. Stephen of Byzantium fays, that it was at 
firft named Apollonia from Cydon the fon of Apollo. 
Paufanias aferibes the founding of it to Cyd.on'the fon of 
Tegetus, who travelled into Crete. Herodotus affirms, 
that it was founded by the Samians, and that its temples 
were ereCted by them. Alexander, in the firft bock of 
the Cretans, informs 11s, that it received its name from 
Cydon the fon of Mercury. Cydon was the largeft city 
in the ifland ; and was enabled to hold the balance be¬ 
tween her contending neighbours. She fuftained many 
famous lieges. Phaleucus,. general of the Phoceans, 
making an expedition into Crete with a fleet and a nume¬ 
rous army, inverted Canea both by fea and land ; but 
loft his army and his life before its walls. In fucceeding 
times, when Metullus fubdued the ifland, he affailed 
Cydon with all his forces ; and, after combating an obfti- 
nate refiftance, fubjected it to the power of Rome. Cy¬ 
don occupied the prefent lituation of Canea, only extend¬ 
ing half a league farther towards St. Odero ; where, on 
the fea-lhore, the remains are Hill to be feen of fome 
ancient walls, which appear to have been of a very 1 olid 
conftrudtion. 
CYDO'NIA,/! in botany. See Cratteva and Pyrus. 
CYDO'NIUM,/! [from yydonia, Lat.] The marma¬ 
lade or conferve of quinces. 
CYE'MA, ft. [y.vrifMz, from y.va, to bring forth.] The 
medical epitliet for parturition, or the bringing forth a 
child. 
CYG'NET,/! [from cygnus, Lat.] A young fwan.— 
Young cygnets .are good meat, if fatted with oats; but, 
fed with weeds, they talle filliy. Mortimer. 
So doth the fwan her downy cygnets fave, 
Keeping them pris’ners underneath her wings. Shakcfps 
CYG'NUS, ft. [from nvy.vau, to difturb.] The fwan ; 
fo called from the great difturbance which it makes in 
the water with its bill, in the fearch of its food. See 
Anas. 
CYG'NUS,/! the Swan, a conftellation of the northern 
hemifphere, being one of the 48 old ones ; containing, in 
Ptolomy’s catalogue, 19 liars, in Tycho’s 18, in Heve- 
lius’s 47, and in the-Britannic catalogue 81. 
CYI'TES, f. [from y.vu, to bring forth. ] The eagle- 
ftone ; fo called becaufe it was thought to help delivery. 
CYLICH'NIS,/! [from y.vX a cup.] A medical term 
for a pill-box, gallipot, or fmall vellel of any kind to 
hold medicines. 
CY'LINDER,/! [cylindre, Fr. cylindro, Ital. cylindriis, 
Lat. y.v of y.vAt’jopsa, Gr. to roll.] A rolling-ffone, 
or roller, for the garden or field. In geometry, k is a 
folid body formed by the revolution or turning of a 
rectangled parallelogram about one of its Aides, fo that it 
is extended in length equally round, and its extremities 
or ends are equal circles.—Your cylinder will make you 
ready for vaulted turrets and round buildings. Peacham. 
CYLIN'DRIC, or Cylindrical, adj. [ cylindricus , 
Lat.] Pertaining to, or in form of, a cylinder ; having 
the properties or nature of a cylinder.—Glands are the 
extremities of arteries formed into cylindrical canals. 
Arbuthnot. 
CYLIN'DRICALNESS, J~. The ftate or quality of 
being of a cylindrical form. 
CY'LINDROID,/! Gr.] A folid body 
approaching to the figure of a cylinder, but having the 
bales ellipfes inftead of circles. 
CYLIS'TA,/! [javUcrio?, Gr.] In botany, a genus of 
the clafs diadelphia, order decandria,- natural order of 
piapilionacete or leguminofas. The generic characters 
are—Calyx: perianthium one-leafed, four-parted, verv 
large, permanent-; the upper divirion reflex, bifid ; the 
reft erect, oblong, acute.- Corolla: papilionaceous, a 
little longer than tire calyx, permanent; banner round- 
ilh, emarginate, with a fmall lobe on each fide of the 
bafe; wings oblong, obtule, fliorter than the banner,. 
