513 
C Y N 
CY'ME, in ancient geography, a city built by Pelops 
on his return from Greece. Cyme, the Amazon, gave 
it name, on expelling the inhabitants, according to Mela. 
Latin authors, as Nepos, Livy, Mela, Pliny, Tacitus, 
retain the appellation Cyme , after the Greek, manner. It 
flood in -Doha, between Myrina and Phocaea ; and long 
after, in Peutinger’s map, is fet down nine miles diftant 
from Myrina. From this place was the Sybilla Cumxa, 
called Erythraa , from Erythra, a neighbouring place. 
CYME, or Cyma, f. [from xou, to bring forth.] In 
botany, a fprout or llioot; the top of a plant. Dr. Wi¬ 
thering calls it a tuft. Linnaeus explains it to be an ag¬ 
gregate flower compofed of feveral florets fitting on a 
receptacle, producing all the primary peduncles from the 
fame point, but having the partial peduncles fcattered 
or irregular; all faftigiate, or forming a flat furface at 
the top. As in cpulus, cornus fanguinea, ophiorkiza , 8cc. 
The cyme is either naked, or with bradtes. Flowers dif- 
pofed in a cyme are called cymofe flowers. 
CYME'NE,y. A name given by the ancient Greeks 
to a plant with which they ufed to dye woollen things 
yellow, and with which the women of thofe times ufed 
alfo to tinge the hair yellow, that being the favourite 
colour in thofe ages. The cymene of the Greeks is evi¬ 
dently the fame plant with the lutea herba of the Latins; 
or what we call dyer’s weed. See Reseda. 
CYMINOS'MA,yi in botany. See Laxmannia. 
CYMI'NUM,yi in botany. See Cuminum. 
CYMO'SHi,/. in botany, the fixty-third of Linnaeus’s 
natural orders in his Philofophia Botanica, confuting of 
plants with cymous flowers. 
CYMR/E'GAN, adj. [from the Brit.] Belonging to 
Wales; pertaining to the Welch language. 
CYNHIGI'RUS, an Athenian, celebrated for his ex¬ 
traordinary courage. He was brother to the poet iEf- 
chylus. After the battle of Marathon, he purfued the 
flying Perfians to their Ihips, and feized one of their 
veflels with his right hand, which was immediately fe¬ 
vered by the enemy. Upon this he feized the veffel with 
his left hand, and when he had loft that alfo, he ftill kept 
his hold with hi- teeth. 
CYNAN'CHE, f. [from xvuv, a dog, and’ay^w, to 
llrangle.] A name of feveral forts of quinfy ; as, the 
cynanche parotidaa, the mumps , or inflammation of the pa¬ 
rotid glands. It is fo called becaufe dogs are faid to be 
iubjefl to it. 
CYNAN'CHUM, f. [from xvav, a dog, and ay/V' t0 
ftrtfngle ; hence y.vtayxv, a diforder in the throat.] Base 
Dogs-s ANE ; in botany, a genus of the clafs pentandria, 
order digynia ; of the decandria clafs, according to forne ; 
natural order contortae. The generic charadters are— 
Calyx : perianthium one-leafed, five-toothed, erect, very 
fmall, permanent, (five-parted, acute, fpreading, Schre- 
ber.) Corolla: one-petalled; tube fcarcely any ; border 
five-parted, flat; diviftons linear, long, (lanceolate, S.) 
netlary in the center of the flower, length of the corolla, 
eredt, cylindric, with a five-cleft mouth. Stamina: fi¬ 
laments five, length of the nedtary, parallel; antherx 
touching, within the mouth of the corolla. Piftillum : 
genn oblong, two-cleft; ftyle fcarcely any ; ftigmas two, 
obtufe. Pericaipium: follicles two, oblong, acuminate, 
one-celled, gaping lengthwife. Seeds: numerous, ob¬ 
long, crowned with a down, placed in an imbricate man¬ 
ner.— EJJential Character. Contorted ; nedtary cylindric, 
five-toothed. 
General Dcfcription. Thefe are fhrubs or underfhrubs, 
commonly twining ; leaves oppofite ; flowers axillary or 
terminating, difpofed in fpikes, corymbs, or umbels. 
Nothing has given more trouble to botanifts, or given 
rife to a greater variety of opinions among them, than 
the ftrudture ot the genitals in this genus and that of 
afclepias. Tournefort, Desfontaines, Defcemet, Richard, 
Jacquin, Rottboll, Kolreuter, or Cavanilles, may be con- 
fulted on this fubjedt. The parts are fo very fmall, arid 
are furnifhed with a fuch compound apparatus, that it is 
Vol. V. No. t, 
C Y N 
very difficult to determine any thing about them with 
certainty. They have all two germs running out into 
conical ftyles, covered with a fungofe pentagon body, 
all of which, except the upper furface of the latter, are 
fo covered, firft with a (heath, and then with little bags 
hanging down and preiled clofe, that there does not feem 
to be the minuteft opening to thefe parts. In each of 
the five angles of the fungofe body (which Linnxus 
calls corpus truncatum, and Jacquin the ftigma) is a very 
fmall ovate body, or tubercle, (harp at the bottom, 
whence arife two filaments, which either widen into a 
club, or are terminated by tranfparent yellowiflt balls: 
thefe clubs, or little balls, are almoft always taken up 
by the bags, which open at the top, and grow narrower 
towards the bafe. Kolreuter and Rottboll will not al¬ 
low the five-cornered fungofe body to be the ftigma, as 
there is every reafon, however, to fuppofe it is. Au¬ 
thors difagree as to the number of anthers in the flowers 
of cynanchum, and of courfe as to its place in the fexual 
fyftem. Linnaeus with his editors, and the French bo¬ 
tanifts, aflign only five, w'hilft the German botanifts and 
Cavanilles attribute ten, antherx to the flower. There 
are five tubercles, as we have obferved, at the five cor¬ 
ners of the fungofe body, whence arife ten filaments.finer 
than a hair, ending in a club, or elfe a little ball; they 
who take the latter for antherae place thefe plants in the 
clafs decandria, whilft others, who look upon the former 
as the antherae, place them in the clafs pentandria. Thefe 
parts are well figured and defcribed in the firft volume 
of Jacquin’s Milcellanea. 
Species, i. Cynanchum viminale, or naked cynanchum: 
ftem twining, perennial, leafiefs. Naked cynanchum, fo. 
called front its having fteins without any leaves on them, 
was fuppofed by Linnaeus to be an euphorbia, and is 
thus defcribed under that name by Miller. It fends out 
a great number of (lender taper ftalks of a dark green 
colour, which are fnrooth, and twift about each other, 
or any neighbouring lupport, and then will rile to the 
height of ten or twelve feet, putting out fmaller branches 
at the top, which alfo twine about the other ftalks. Na¬ 
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Cultivated in 1759 by 
Mr. Miller; it has not flowered in England. 
2. Cynanchum acutum, or acute-leaved cynanchum : 
ftem twining, herbaceous; leaves cordate-oblong, fmooth. 
Root perennial, creeping : Items annual, twilling like 
hops round whatever plants are near them, and riling to 
the height of fix or eight feet; leaves ending in acute 
points, and placed in pairs on long footftalks; flowers 
in fmall axillary bunches, of a dirty white colour; Jac¬ 
quin fays of a very pale fiefh-colour, with lanceolate, 
bluntifh, fegments, fpreading open very much, and flat; 
leaflets of the calyx lanceolate, fmall, greemlh. From 
the tube of the petal afcends the nectary, which is bell- 
fhaped, of the fame colour with, and lhortcr, than the 
corolla, divided above two-thirds of its length into five 
lanceolate, acute, eredt, fegments, fo far removed from 
each other as to admit five other very fmall rounded 
fegments, fometimes quite entire, fometirnes lacerated, 
or bifid ; lheath conical and narrow at the bale, thence 
widening and divided into five two-celled oblong brac- 
tes, ending in as many rounded fcales, and embracing 
the mouths of the ftigma. Between thefe, to the margin 
of the ftigma, are fixed the ftaminiferous tubercles, put¬ 
ting forth from their bafe, on each fide, a fingle very fine 
horizontal filament; antherae pale, roundifh-ovate, flat, 
fixed by their middle part, and containing a pulpy pol¬ 
len ; germs two, ovate-oblong, ending in two lhort ftyles, 
which are crowned by a difeoid pentagon ftigma, com¬ 
mon to both. Native of Spain and Sicily ; cultivated in 
1596 by Gerarde. It flowers in June and July, but does 
not produce feeds in England, occaiioned, probably, by 
the roots creeping fo far under ground ; for moll plants 
which propagate themfelves fo much by their roots be¬ 
come barren, efpecially if their roots have full liberty to 
extend, 
6 P ’3, Cy. 
