C Y N A N C H U M. 
314 
3. Cynatrchuni planiflorum, or flat-flowered cynan¬ 
chum : ftem twining ; leaves cordate, fmooth, tomentofe 
underneath : peduncles fubracemed. This is a milky 
plant, with twining, round, fmooth, Items; leaves ob¬ 
long-cordate, acuminate, quite entire, very foft, with a 
fear cel y confpicuous knap underneath, fmoothilh on the 
upper furface, but bearded at the origin of the petiole 
with abrupt, rigid, ferruginous, very fhort, cilias. Com¬ 
mon peduncles fmooth, lateral, folitary, fuftaining about 
five flowers, on pedicels elongated beyond the common 
one ; flowers void of feent, very flat, half an inch in dia¬ 
meter ; corollas veined and aeruginofe ; calyxes greenifh 
white. Native of Carthagena in New Spain; flowering 
in July and Auguft. 
4. Cynanchum racemofum, or racemed cynanchum : 
ftem twining; leaves cordate, fmooth, acute ; racemes 
fimple. Stems herbaceous, twining, fmooth, fcandent, 
full of a white milky juice ; leaves quite entire, filming, 
flightly waved, bright green on the upper furface, aeru- 
ginoTe on the back, petioled. Racemes lateral, three 
inches long, folitary ; but by the fide of the principal a 
fm.iller branch comes out, which is alfo loaded wirli 
flowers ; they are frnall, white, and void of feent. Native 
alio of Carthagena ; flowering in October and November. 
5. Cynanchum maritimum, or fea cynanchum: Item 
twining; leaves cordate, hirfute, tomentofe underneath; 
peduncles aggregate. This alfo is a milky plant, with 
twining, round, hirfute, Items. Leaves acuminate, quite 
entire, petioled, from two to four inches long. Peduncles 
one-flowered and (hortifn, fpringing aggregately from a 
tubercle among the leaves. Flowers without feent, with 
a green calyx, and a dark purple corolla. Native of 
ft’i err a Bomba, on the coalt; flowering in November. 
6 . Cynanchum fuberofum, or cork-barked cynanebum: 
ftem twining, cork-barked at bottom, and cleft; leaves 
cordate, acuminate. Root perennial; (terns (lender, hairy, 
twining, and if fupported riling fix or feven feet high; 
the lower part is covered with a thick fungous bark, 
fomewhat like cork, and .full.of filfures. At each joint 
is a pair of leaves on long hairy footftalks. The flowers 
are in final! axillary bunches; they are (tar-fliaped, and 
.green when they fil'd appear, but afterwards change to a 
dufky purple colour; they appear in July and Augufl, 
but are not fucceeded by feeds in England. Native of 
Carolina, whence the feeds were brought to England ; 
cultivated in 1732, by James Sherard, M. D. 
7. Cynanchum liirtum, or hairy cynanchum: (tern 
twining, flmibby, cork-barked, and cleft at the bottom ; 
leaves ovate-cordate. This rifes with a twining fiem to 
the height of twenty feet, or more, if fupported ; the 
lower part is cork-barked, and full of fiflures like the 
preceding. Leaves like that, on long footfialks, but 
fmooth. Flowers of a yellowifli green colour, not fuc¬ 
ceeded by pods in England. It grows naturally in Ja¬ 
maica, whence the feeds were fent to Mr. Miller by Dr. 
Houftoun before 1733. 
S. Cynanchum Monfpeliacum, or Montpellier cy- 
najjehum: flem twining, herbaceous; leaves reniform- 
cordate, acute. Stems filiform, green, fmooth, fvvelling 
at the joints, very long, climbing. The leaves are broader 
and rounder at the bafe than in the fecond fort. The 
roots are very thick, running deep into the ground, and 
extending themfelves far on every fide. Both thefe plants 
abound with a milky juice like the fpurge, which iftues 
out wherever they are broken ; and this, when concreted, 
has been frequently fold for fcammony. Native of the 
fouth of Europe ; cultivated in 1597 by Gerarde. 
9. Cynanchum extenfum, or hairy-flowered cynanchum: 
flem twining, frutefeent; leaves cordate, acute'; pedun¬ 
cles elongated, pedicels filiform ; corollas hirfute at the 
edge, follicles ramentaceous. From an annual root, di¬ 
vided into whitifh fibres a foot and a half long, and not 
fo thick as a quill, arjfes a twining ftem, very much 
branched, twelve feet high, round, villcfe, with longer 
hairs thinly interfperfed, rough, glaucous, when far ad¬ 
vanced (lightly tinged with purple. Flowers pendulous, 
fweet-fmelling, beginning to open about fix o’clock in 
the evening, and clofed by morning; they are of a green- 
i(h pale colour. The plant is elegant, and abounds with 
white milk. Jacquin has retained the name extenfum , ori¬ 
ginally given it by the famous Solander, from the elonga¬ 
ted peduncles. Retzius, who had it from Konig, calls it 
cordifolium ; and fays that the leaves are roundifh-cordate, 
fometimes a little angular, and fmooth on both fides; 
that the flowers are in cymes, on (lender pedicels pro¬ 
ceeding from a tubercle, with a frnall fhort brafte under 
each. Native of the Eaft Indies. It flowers in July and 
Auguft. 
10. Cynanchum undulatum, or waved-leaved cynan¬ 
chum : ftem twining; leaves lanceolate-ovate, fmooth; 
umbels globular. This is a milky plant, entirely fmooth, 
with twining round ftems. Leaves quite entire, fat to 
the touch, on very ftiort petioles, four inches long. Na¬ 
tive of Carthagena in New Spain ; flowering in July. 
11. Cynanchum Capenfe, or Cape cynanchum: ftem. 
twining, conform on every fide ; leaves fubcordate-ovate ; 
peduncles many-flowered. 1 2. Cynanchum obtufifolium, 
or blunt-leaved cynanchum : ftem twining, herbaceous; 
leaves oblong, rounded at the tip with a point; umbels 
lateral. Natives of the Cape of Good Hope. 
13. Cynanchum tenellum, or tender cynanchum : ftem 
fomewhat twining, herbaceous; leaves ovate-oblong. 
Found in New Granada, by Mutis. 
14. Cynanchum erectum, or upright cynanchum : ftem 
ere< 5 t, divaricated; leaves cordate, fmooth. This is a 
perennial plant, which rifes with (lender upright (talks 
about three feet high. Flowers axillary, in frnall bunches, 
on branching peduncles ; they are frnall and white, great¬ 
ly refembjing thole of the common white afclepias. Na¬ 
tive of Syria; cultivated in 1640; flowers in July and 
Auguft. 
15. Cynanchum filiforme, or thread-like cynanchum? 
ftem ere6t, quite fimple; leaves linear; flowers verticil- 
led, axillary. Found at the Cape, by Thuhberg. There 
is a fpecies deferibed under this name by Jacquin, entirely 
diftinct from this. See No. 26. 
16. Cynanchum crifpiflorum, or curled-flower cynan¬ 
chum : ftem twining; leaves underneath villofe, oblong, 
cordate, with the ftnus clofed; petals curled at the end. 
Native of South America, and the Weft Indies; flowers 
in July. 
17. Cynanchum reticulatum, or netted cynanchum: 
ftem twining, cork-barked at bottom and clunky ; leaves 
ovate, acute. Native of the Eait Indies; obferved there 
by Konig. 
iS. Cynanchum afperum, or rough-leaved cynanchum: 
ftem,twining, ftirubby ; leaves cordate, acute, rough ; 
flowers'lateral. Stem ftirubby, twining, twenty feet high, 
or more, very (lender, and armed with frnall dinging 
hairs. Leaves broad, heart-fiiaped, ending in acute points 
by pairs at each joint, which are far diftant, on flender 
foot-ftalks; they are covered with rough hairs on their 
under fide. The flowers are produced in frnall cinders, 
fitting clofe to the (talks; they are pretty large, yellow, 
and ftar-fliaped, fpreading open to the bottom. Seeds 
flat, crowned with long down. Native of Vera Cruz in 
New Spain, whence the feeds were fent from Dr. Houl'- 
ton to Mr. Miller. 
19. Cynanchum roftratum, or beak-flowered cynan¬ 
chum: ftem and petioles hirfute; leaves cordate-oblong ; 
petals lanceolate, flat. Found on the idand of Trinidad, 
by Rohr. The proper place of this is between the third 
and fourth fpecies. 
20. Cynanchum parviflorum, or fmall-flowered cynan. 
chum: .ftem twining, filiform; leaves ovate, fubulate at 
the end ; umbels fubfellile. Native of the Weft Indies. 
Its place is between the twelfth and thirteenth fpecies. 
21. Cynanchum proftratum, or proftratc cynanchum: 
ftem proftrate ; leaves heart-fiiaped, orbiculate-acute, to- 
mentofe underneath. Stems a foot high, round, filiform, 
branclied. 
