C Y N 
Charaftcr. Calyx, four-leaved ; antherse bifid at the tip ; 
legume fiefiiy, crefcent-fhaped, one-feeded. 
Species, i. Cynometra cauliflora, or flower-ftemmed 
cynometra : trunk floriferous. Roots knotty and large, 
appearing above ground, and having fmaller ones be¬ 
tween them, which are curled, and look like pig’s tails. 
Trunk very fhort, feldom two feet high, very irregular, 
rugged, unequal, ugly, in hills and holes, covered with 
a thick, hard, cloven, bark, the colour of liverwort. The 
head is not large, but thick ; it confifts of thick long 
branches, fubdivided into many others at the end, the 
extreme of which only bear tire leaves; thefe are alter¬ 
nate, in pairs, on very fhort petioles, three or four inches 
long, and an inch and a half wide, entire, fmooth, firm, 
flexible, acuminate ; rib ftraight, prominent on both 
Tides, dividing the leaf into two very unequal fegments. 
The flowers come out on the trunk and large branches, 
and on the root when above ground ; the corolla is fmall 
and white. The fruit is thus deferibed by Gaertner : it 
is a legume, flefliy, large, the fize of half the palm of 
the hand and more, in the fhape of a half moon, com- 
prefl'ed like a lens, with a groove, like a future, along 
its whole circuit, on the Tides tubercled, rough to the 
touch like a woollen cloth, one-celled, not opening. Seed 
of the fame fliape with the cavity of the legume, fmooth, 
marked with capillary arched vettels arifing from the 
umbilicus, of a red ferruginous colour, fattened to the 
fhell by a fliort thick chord at the middle of the ftraight 
future. Skin Tingle, leathery, thin, in old feeds fcarcely 
feparable from the kernel by boiling water. Albumen 
none. Embryo of the fame fhape with the feed, white; 
cotyledons plano-convex, with a little hole on the infide 
where the radicle is placed ; plume (lender, two-horned, 
with very fliort, Toft,' fulvous or red-ferruginous, villofe, 
hairs, about its bafe, by which the radicle is feparated 
to the diftance of half a line from the cotyledons; radicle 
conic, immerfed, centrifugal. Native of the Eaft Indies. 
2. Cynometra ramiflora, or flower-branched cynometra: 
branches floriferous. This is a lofty tree, fixty feet in 
height; trunk thick, folid, afh-coloured ; bark blackifh, 
within red ; branches many, afh-coloured or greenifh. 
Leaves in a double parallel row, roundifh, fmooth, the 
upper furface dark green and Ihining, the lower paler 
green, with many fmall nerves from the midrib ftanding 
out, dividing the leaf unequally, and running obliquely 
to the Tides. Smell none ; tafte fubaftringent. The flow¬ 
ers come out fcatteringly from the fmall branches among 
the leaves; they are fmall, white, and without feent. 
Fruit oblong, comprefted, unequal, grooved, not unlike 
a gourd, covered with a thick, leathery, flefny, foft, 
rind, fontewhat like that of the almond, opening on each 
Tide. Kernel whitifh, compadt, covered with a thin pel¬ 
licle ; it has no fmell, and has an aftringent tafte. In 
Malabar it is always green, and bears flowers and fruits 
in Atiguft and November. 
CYNOMO'RIUM, J. [d canini genitalis fimilitudine, 
Mich.] In botany, a genus of the clafs monoecia, order 
monandria, natural order of amentacea:. The generic 
charadters are—I. Male flowers difpofed in an imbricated 
ament with the female ones. Calyx : ament eredt, ciub- 
fhaped, on every fide covered with flofcules ; perianthium 
proper, four-leaved ; leaflets three clavate, and the fourth 
inferior one larger, very obtufe, channelled. Corolla: none. 
Stamina: filaments Angle, firm, ftraight, longer than the 
calycine fcale; antheras twin. II. Female flowers mixed 
with the males in the fame plant, and fcarcely remote 
from them. Calyx: ament common with the males; 
perianthium proper fuperior ; leaflets four, club-fhaped, 
tuberculated, equal, permanent. Corolla: none. Pif- 
tillum : germ ovate, inferior; ftyle Tingle, eredt, firm, 
Spreading, length of tiie calycine fcale ; ftigma obtufe. 
Pericarpium: none. Seed: Angle, roundifh. Martin 
adds, I have alfo feen hermaphrodite monandrous florets 
intermixed with the others. The whole plant is a Angle 
ament. ^-EJfential Character. Male. Calyx, an imbricate 
Vol. V. No. 292. 
C Y N 521 
ament; corolla, none. Female. Calyx in the fame ament; 
corolla, none; ftyle, one; feed, one, roundifh. 
Species. 1. Cynomorium coccineum, or Barbary cyno- 
morium: ftipe fcaly, ament cylindrical; feales imbricate, 
ovate, retufe. This is a fungiform plant, the whole con¬ 
fiding of a long, thick, radical, fpadix, growing upon 
the roots of trees in fait marfhes, underwater. Stem 
commonly half a foot long, upright, folid, tough, as 
thick as the finger, when young covered with ovate, 
acute, imbricate, white, feales, which it rnoftly puts off 
at flowering time, foas to be thenalmoft naked, wrinkled, 
unequal, and the whole, when dried, purple. A fpike 
terminates this fteni, frequently as long as the ftem itlelf, 
but twice its breadth, with feales or bractes, in the axils 
of which the flowers fit clofe: the flowers we fuppofe 
from the name to be fcarlet, or crimfon, coccineum. Na¬ 
tive of Barbary, on the coaft, at the roots of lentifeus, 
myrtle, See. Sicily, Malta, Cadiz, See. on halimus or 
portulaca marina, See. 
2. Cynomorium Jamaicenfe, or Jamaica cynomorium : 
ftipe fcaly, ament elongated ; feales imbricate, halved, 
rhomboidal. It grows in beds, and rifes generally to the 
height of three, four, or five, inches; but is commonly 
fmalleft towards the bottom. At firft it is covered pretty 
thick with feales of the figure of a heart, which fall off 
gradually as it rifes, and expofe the body of the plant 
thickly befet with little tranfparent denticles, intermixed 
with a few tubular trifid flowers, that jet above the level 
of the furface. The ftem is fucculent and flefliy, and all 
the parts aftringent. Jamaica ; feldom met with but in 
the mod (haded woods. 
3. Cynomorium Cayanenfe, or Cayenne cynomorium: 
ftipe naked, ament fubglobular, feales roundifh, peltate. 
Native of Cayenne. See Cynometra. 
CYNOPHALLO'PHORUS. See Capparis. 
CYNOPHOhPTIS, f. A feftival at Argos, obferved 
during the dog-days. It received its name uvro tov nvtxf 
1povav , killing dogs, becaufe they ufed to kiU all the 
dogs they met. 
C’Y'NOPS, f. in botany. See Plantago, 
C \ NOREX'I A, or Cy nodes, J . [ f 1 om y.i cj v , a dog, 
and o£e|»C} an appetite.] A canine appetite. An infati- 
able defire for food. 
CYNORYN'CHIUM, f. in botany. See Chelone. 
CYNOSAR'GES, a fuburb of Athens, named from a 
white or fwift dog, who fnatched away part of the facri- 
fice offering to Hercules. It had a gymnafium, in which 
ftrangers or thofe of the half-blood performed their ex- 
ercifes ; the cafe of Hercules, to whom the place was 
confecrated. It had alfo a court of judicature, to try il¬ 
legitimacy, and to examine whether perfons were Athe¬ 
nians of the whole or half-blood. Here the cynic philo , 
fophers eftablifhed their fchool. 
CYNOSOR'CHIS, f. in botany. See Orchis. 
CYNOS'SEMA, f. The tomb of Hecuba, on the pro¬ 
montory Maftufia, over againft Sigeum, in the fouth of 
the Cherfonefus 'l hracia ; named either from the figure 
of a dog, to which fhe was changed, or from her fad re¬ 
verie of fortune. Pliny. 
CYNOSU'R A, or Cy'nosure, f. [of y.vuv, a dog, and 
Gr. the tail.] A conftellation near the north pole,. 
alfo called urfa minor, the letter bear, or Charles’s wain; 
the polar ftar in the tail of it, is that by which failors 
fleer. Figuratively, any thing that attradts the eye as a 
rule of conduit: 
Towers and battlements it fees 
Bofom’d high in tufted trees,. 
Where perhaps fome beauty lies, 
The. cynojure of neighbouring eyes,. Milton'. 
CYNOSU'RA, or Cynosuris, a place in Laconica 5.. 
where .ZEfculapius being thunderftruck was buried'. Cicero. 
CYNOSU'RA, in.mythology, a nymph of Ida in Crete. 
She nurfed Jupiter, who changed her into a ftar which bears . 
the fame name. It is the fame as the urfa minor. Ovid. 
6 R CYNOSU'RUS 9 , 
