C Y N 
is nothing more limn a variety of cynofurus virgatus, 
which has often fpikelets with or without awns growing 
promifcuoufly in dry foils of the Eaft Indies. 
13. Cynofurus aureus, or golden-fpiked dog’s-tailgrafts: 
panicles with barren, pendulous, ternate, fpikelets ; flow¬ 
ers awned. Native of the fouth of Europe, among Itones 
and rocks, and of the Levant. Annual; flowers in July. 
14. Cynofurus erucasformis, or linear-fpiked dog’s-tail 
grafs: fpike compound; fpikelets fcattered, the fruit¬ 
bearing ones ereft ; calyxes one and two-flowered, glumes 
obtufe, boat-fliaped, keel obtufe; corollas acuminate. 
It refembles pafpalum, but the valves of the flower gape 
in a contrary manner. Native of Ruflia and Hudfon’sBay. 
It flowers in July; and is annual. It is obferved by Dr. 
Stokes, (With. Arr. 95,) that in the cynofurus criftatus, 
echinatus, and aureus, there are generally only two florets 
in a calyx ; that in the caeruleus and aureus, the little 
fpikes are infeited on different fides of the fpike; and 
that in the durus, coracanus, oEgyptius, and Indicus, 
the receptacle cannot be laid to be leafy, as in thefe the 
involucre is wanting. The durus is truly a poa; and 
the three others have the habit of panicuin, with the 
ftructure of poa, forming a natural aflemblage of -their 
own. The cynofurus therefore, as a natural genus, feems 
io be-confined within the limits of criffatus, echinatus, 
and aureus. 
New fpecies from Vahl. 15. Cynofurus retroflexus, 
or recurved dog’s-tail grafs : fpike compound ; fpikelets 
aggregate ; calyxes two-flowered, awned ; corollas awn- 
'lei's. Station between the gth and 5th fpecies. Native 
of the Eaft Indies. 
16. Cynofurus filiformis, or filiform dog’s-tail grafs: 
fpike folitary, diftich; calyxes awl-fhaped, three-flow¬ 
ered; barren floret awnlefs. 17. Cynofurus monofta- 
chyos, or Vahl’s cynofurus: fpike terminating; calyxes 
awl-lhaped, awnlefs, fubtriflorous; florets awned, one- 
iided. 18. Cynofurus penicillatus, or brulhy dog’s-tail 
grafs: fpikes digitate ; calyxes four-flowered, awned at 
the back; outer petals of the hermaphrodite awned, with 
bearded pencils. The Ifation of thefe three is between 
the 7th and 8th fpecies. They are natives of the Eaft 
Indies. 
19. Cynofurus pafpaloides, or Cape dog’s-tail grafs: 
fpikes digitate ; calyxes two-flowered, fubglobular, outer 
valve of the calyx awned; corollas awnlefs. Culm very 
fimple, almoft leaflefs, a foot high. Root-leaves fheath- 
ing, linear-lanceolate, two inches long, fharpilh. Flowers 
on one fide, the fize of millet-feed, alternate, crowded, 
very blunt. Native of the Cape of Good Hope : place 
between No. 7 and 8. 
20. Cynofurus floccifolius, or Egyptian dog’s-tail grafs: 
fpikes linear, ftraight; leaves doubled together, alter¬ 
nately bearded on the edge. The limits between this and 
the other digitate cynofuri are determined with difficulty. 
In habit it approaches very near to cynofurus coracantis. 
It differs from them all, in having the Angle leaves folded 
together and alternately bearded. On the inner fide of 
the leaf, towards the edge, is a minute oblong hole; 
and oppofite to this, on the outfide, a fpot, both yellow- 
ifh ; the margin of the leaf, which is rolled in, is cut out 
between thefe two fpots, and all this part is clothed with 
fhort white hairs in bundles. The Iheaths are not ciliate, 
nor the leaves hairy. The fpikes and fpikelets are longer 
narrower than in cynofurus coracanus, and the valves of 
the florets fharper. Native of Egypt. 
Propagation and Culture. Several of the fpecies are na¬ 
tives of the Weft Indies, and more of the Eaft Indies. 
Few of thefe are known in Europe otherwife than by 
fpccimens or deferiptions. They muft be propagated by 
feeds brought from their native places of growth, and 
kept in th.e bark ftove. Thofe from the Cape of Good 
-Hope, &c. are preferved of co'urfe in the dry ftove. For 
the culture of the European forts, particularly the firft, 
fee Grass ; fee alfo Alopecurus and Dactyus. 
CYNOX'YLON, / in botany. See Nvssa. 
C Y P 52S 
CYN'THIA, a beautiful woman, who was miftrefs to 
Propertius.—A furname of Diana, from mount Cynthus, 
where fhe was born. 
CYN'THUS, a mountain of Delos, fo high that it is 
faid to overfhadow the whole ifland. Apollo was fur- 
named Cynthius, and Diana Cynthia, as the mountain 
was facred to them. Virgil. 
CYNU'RIA, a diftrict of Laconica, on the confines of 
Argolis. A territory that proved a perpetual bone of 
contention between the Argives and Spartans. 
CY'ON, f See Cion.- —Gather cyons for grafts before 
the buds fprout. Evelyn. 
CYOPHO'RI A, / [from avo;, a foetus, and tps^a, to 
bear.] The medical term for geftation, or pregnancy of 
women. 
CYPARIS'SI AS, / in botany. See Euphorbia. 
CYPARIS'SUS, in fabulous hiftory, a youth, foil of 
Telephus of Cea, beloved by Apollo. He killed a fa¬ 
vourite flag of Apollo’s, tor which he eyas fo forry that 
he pined away, and was changed by the god into a cy- 
prefs-tree. Ovid. 
CYPARIS'SUS,/. in botany. See Cupressus. 
CYPKREL'LA, / in botany. See Schoenus. 
CY'PERl GENUS,/, in botany. #See Scirpus. 
CYPEROl'DES, / in botany. See Cauex. 
CYPE'RUS, / [fo called on account of the form of 
the root reprefenting a little box. Ray.] Ti he herb 
Greater Galancale; in botany, a genus of the clafs 
triandria, order monogynia, natural order calumarise. 
The generic characters are—Calyx : fpike imbricate two 
ways; feales ovate, keeled, flat-infleCled, feparating the 
flowers. Corolla: none. Stamina: filaments three, 
very fhort; antherae oblong, furrowed. Piftillum : germ 
very fmall; ftyle filiform, very long ; ftigmas three, ca¬ 
pillary. Pericarpium: none. Seed : lingle, three- 
fided, acuminate, deftitute of villus .—EJfcntial CharaBer. 
Glumes chaffy, imbricate in two rows; corolla, none; 
feed one, naked. 
Species. I. With a round culm. 1. Cyperus articu- 
latus, or jointed-ftalked cyperus: culm naked, jointed. 
Root tuberous, red, having a very grateful fmell like 
that of calamus aromaticus; ftalk three feet high, 
fmooth, with very ftrong and frequent tranfverfe parti¬ 
tions or membranes; at the top feverai brown chaffy pani¬ 
cles, made up of fmall, long fpikes. Native of Jamaica, 
in the rills of the Savanna, beyond two-mile wood ; and 
in Egypt on the banks of the Nile. The Egyptian 
plant differs from that of the Weft Indies only in having 
fhorter fpikelets, fometimes eight-flowered, and paler. 
Forfkal fays that the culms are not jointed : probably in 
the frefh plant the joints may be lefs confpicuous, but in 
the dry fpecimens certainly the culms are jointed. 
2. Cyperus minimus, or lead cyperus : culm naked, 
fpikes under the tip. Roots compofed of many capil¬ 
lary brown fibres, whence arife many fmall narrow leaves, 
an inch long, and reddifh underneath; ftalks many, 
fimple, triangular, about two inches high, (three or 
four, Browne-,) with two or three fmall fhort leaves to¬ 
wards the top. Above thefe, ufually three fmall rally 
fcaly fpikes or heads, two whereof have fhort peduncles, 
and the other none : they are fufficiently diilinguifhabje 
by their fmallnefs. Native of Jamaica and Bralil. 
3. Cyperus lateralis, or lateral-fpiked cyperus : culm 
roundiftt, naked; fpike lateral, feffile. Culms the length 
of a needle, many, briftle-form, not ftiff. Annual ; na¬ 
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. 
4. Cyperus Monti, or Montis cyperus: culm round ; 
umbel fuperdecompound, leaves even on the keel. Na¬ 
tive of India, now found wild in Italy ; perennial. 
5. Cyperus tencllus, or tender cyperus : culm naked, 
fetaceous; fpikes folitary, and twin fefiile. Culm not 
a finger’s length, the thicknefs of a horfe-hair. Native 
of the Cape of Good Hope. Perhaps the fame with 
the third. 
II. Wiljli a three-cornered culm. 6. Cyperus mono. 
ftachyos- 
