524 C Y P E 
ftachyos, or fingle-fpiked cyperus: culm naked ; fpike 
llniple, ovate, terminating; i'cales mucvonate. Root- 
leaves numerous, linear, very narrow, even, loofe, a 
fpan in length ; culm filiform, weak, fcarcely u foot 
high. Native of the Eaft and Well Indies. 
7. Cyperus laevigatus, or fmooth cyperus: culm 
naked; head two-leaved; flowers levigated. Culms 
"even, two feet high ; leaves two, ft iff, convolute-fubu- 
late; the upper one broad at the bafe, concave, pro¬ 
duced from the tip of the culm, three or four times as 
long as the head ; the lower immediately under it, reflex, 
half the length of the other. Perennial; native of 
Coromandel in the Eaft Indies. 
8. Cyperus hafpan, or Indian cyperus: culm leafy, 
umbel fuperdecompound; fpikelets umbellate-feflile. 
Culm a foot high, lax, yellowifh, ftriated, tender. Na¬ 
tive of India, Ceylon and the Cape ; perennial. 
9. Cyperus longus, or fweet cyperus: culm leafy; 
umbel leafy, fuperdecompound ; peduncles naked ; 
fpikes alternate. Native of France, Germany, Italy, 
Sicily, and Carni.oia, in bogs, marfhes, and ditches. 
Found by Mr. Newton, in the ifle of Purbeck, Dorfet- 
ftiire, and by Canon Holcombe near St. David’s. Peren¬ 
nial ; flowering in July. Called Engtijk galingalc. The 
root is agreeably aromatic to the fmell, warm and bitter 
to the tafte. The modern practice difregards it; but 
perhaps it is not inferior to fome of the more coftly me¬ 
dicines brought from abroad. 
10. Cyperus efculentus, or efculent cyperus : culm 
naked ; umbel leafy ; tubers of the roots ovate ; zones 
imbricate. Roots fibrous, with fmall round tubers or 
bulbs hanging from them the fize of peafe or beans, of a 
fweetifti tafte, fomewhat like chefnuts ; fterns about 
eighteen inches high; fhorter and fmaller in all the. 
parts than the next fpecies. Native of the country 
about Montpellier, Italy, Sicily, and the Levant; pe¬ 
rennial. 
11. Cyperus rotundas, or round cyperus: culmalmoft 
naked ; umbel decompound; fpikes alternate, linear. 
Culm fcarcely a foot high, having at bottom four alter¬ 
nate leaves. Native of Arabia, India, Ceylon, and Japan. 
12. Cyperus fquarrofus, or fquare cyperus: culm 
naked ; umbel leafy, glomerate ; fpikes ftriated, fquar- 
rofe. Culms feveral, one or two inches high, filiform, 
three-fided. Native of Tranquebar, and the Cape of 
Good Hope. 
13. Cyperus difformis, or trifid cyperus: culm naked ; 
umbel two-leaved, Ample, trifid ; fpikes cufpidate, the 
middle one feflile. Culm three-fided, flaccid, very 
weak, a foot high, having two linear loft leaves, two 
inches long, of a brownilh green colour, aboVe the bafe, 
in other parts naked. Native of India. 
14. Cyperus iria, or handfome cyperus : culm half 
naked; umbel leafy; peduncles unequal, fub-umbel- 
late; flofcules diftindt. Native of India, China, and 
Japan. 
15. Cyperus elatus, or tall cyperus: culms naked; 
umbel leafy, fuperdecompound ; fpikes a finger’s length, 
imbricate; fpikelets fubulatc. Native of India. 
16. Cyperus glomeratus, or glomerate cyperus; culm 
naked; umbel decompound, Amply leafy ; pedicels 
fpiked in a double row. This has fo much the ftruc- 
ture of the preceding, that perhaps it may be the fame, 
only become lhorter by growing in a colder climate. 
Spikes heaped and conglomerate, not elongated. This 
plant, together with phalaris oryzoides, and andropogon 
alopecuroides, was probably brought originally from 
India to Italy with rice. Native of Italy. 
17. Cyperus glaber, or fmooth-leaved cyperus : culm 
naked, even; umbel three-leaved; flowers glomerate, 
the lower brachiate ; leaves fmooth. Culm a palm in 
height ; root-leaves erect, wholly fmooth, the length of 
the culm. Found in wet places about Verona, and in 
Piedmont. Annual. 
18. Cyperus elegaris, or elegant cyperus: culm 
R U S. 
naked ; umbel leafy ; peduncles naked, proliferous; 
fpikes crowded, with fpreading points. Root-leaves 
from two to three feet and an half in length ; ftalk two 
feet and an half high, witli two or three leaves on tire 
top, one whereof is a foot long. Native of Jamaica, in 
the fea-marlhes, Liguanee; alfo of the ifland of Santa 
Cruz. 
19. Cyperus odoratus, or fweet-finelling cyperus: 
culm naked ; umbel decompound, Amply leafy ; pedi¬ 
cels fpiked in a double row. Root long, roundifh, fre¬ 
quently jointed, reddifh on the outfide, very odoriferous, 
creeping and making a large tuft, whence rife many 
leaves with a prominent fliarp cutting keel; ftalks two 
or three feet high, with feveral finaller leaves towards 
the top. Gathered by river Aides in Jamaica, and molt 
of tire Caribees; alfo in Surinam, and the Society illes. 
20. Cyperus compreflus, or flatted cyperus: culm 
naked; univerfal umbel three-leaved, glumes mucro- 
nate witli the fides, membranaceous. Native of Mala¬ 
bar, Jamaica, Virginia, &c. in fandy paftures. In the 
American plant the involucre is three-leaved ; in that 
of Malabar four-leaved ; in that of Ceylon five-leaved, 
and the leaves long, according to Retzius. The Ja¬ 
maica plant is thus deferibed by Swartz: culms ir* 
a tuft, half a foot high or lefs, three-fided, naked ; leaves 
from the bafe of the culm, linear, ftraight, ftiff, even ; 
fpikelets fefiile, pale green. According to Rortboll, 
the culm is a foot high and ftriated; leaves at the bafe- 
about three, foft, lhorter than the culm, glaucous, with 
purple (heaths. 
21. Cyperus flavefeens, or yellow cyperus: culm 
naked; umbel three-leaved ; peduncles Ample, un¬ 
equal ; fpikes crowded, lanceolate. Fibres of the root 
loaded with little tubers; culmsobtufely three-cornered, 
fmooth, from an inch to a hand and a fpan in height 3 
root-leaves fpreading, fmooth, keeled, two or three- 
inches long, niucronate ; befides thefe there are two or 
three under the umbel of unequal lengths, narrower 
than the others, and longer than the umbel. Native of 
P'rance, Germany, Svvillerland, Carniola, and Piedmont. 
Biennial, flowering from July to September. 
2 2. Cyperus fulcus, or brown cyperus : culm naked ; 
umbel trifid; peduncles branched, unequal; fpikes 
crowded, linear. It fcarcely differs apparently from the 
foregoing, in having narrower brown fpikelets, and the 
leaves more fcabrous. Native of Denmark, France, 
Germany, Swiflerland, Carniola, Piedmont, and Egypt. 
It flowers from July to September. 
23. Cyperus pumilus, or fmall cyperus : culm naked ; 
umbel two-leaved, compound; fpikelets alternate, digi¬ 
tate, lanceolate ; glumes mucronate. This refembles 
cyperus compreflus, but is fhorter, and has the glumes 
leis imbricate, and mucronate at the tip ; culm about 
three inches in height, with a few leaves at bottom. 
Native of India. 
24. Cyperus triflorus, or three-flowered cyperus : culra 
naked; umbel three-fpiked, the middle one feflile; 
fpikelets even. Culms even, a foot high. Native of 
the Eaft Indies. Perennial. 
25. Cyperus ftrigofus, or narrow cyperus: culra 
naked; umbel fimple; fpikelets linear, very much 
crowded, horizontal. Root roundifh ; culm ftriated, 
fmooth, Iheathed with leaves at bottom, a foot high. 
Retzius fufpefts that this is a fpecies of kyllingia. Na¬ 
tive of Barbadoes, Virginia, and Japan, in marfties. 
26. Cyperus ligularis, or thin cyperus : fpikelets of 
the umbel capitate, oblong, feflile; involucres very 
long, ferrate, and rough. Leaves many, three feet long, 
near an inch broad at bottom, ending in a point, and 
making a large tuft; ftalks as thick as the finger, three 
feet high; involucre of leaves two feet long, with feve¬ 
ral lhorter ; feed browniftt-red and fhining. Native of 
Barbadoes, near Bridgetown; alfo of Guinea. 
27. Cyperus papyrus, or paper cyperus, or Egyptian 
papyrus; culm naked; umbel longer than the involu¬ 
cres | 
