520 GYP 
fcurely three-cornered, proftrate ; fpikes about four to¬ 
gether, fertile. Root annual; the whole plant fmooth 
and fhining; culms in a very thick tuft, from half an 
inch to fix inches in length, leaflefs; root-leaf (heath- 
ing, much fhorter than the culm, linear, channelled ; 
feeds pale bay, fmooth. Native of Hungary; flowering 
in July and Auguft; annual. 
New Species. 33. Cyperus vifcofus, or clammy cy- 
perus : culm three-lided, clammy; leaves rough, trian¬ 
gular at the tip. Native of Jamaica; flowering from 
May to Auguft; perennial. 
34. Cyperus pygmaeus, or pygmy cyperus : culm 
round ; umbel compound, involucred ; fpikes lanceo¬ 
late, glumes mucronate. Root-leaves filiform, twice as 
long as the culm, which is ftriated, and fcarcely an inch 
and a half in height. Native of the fands of Tranquebar. 
35. Cyperus arenarius, or fand-loving cyperus : culm 
compreffed, naked ; fpikes of the head glomorate, fef- 
file ; involucre one or two-leaved. Roots jointed, creep¬ 
ing, from which proceed bunches of leaves fheathed at 
the bale ; leaves filiform, naked, from three to fix inches 
long, comprefTed, ftriated, channelled on one fide, yel- 
lowifh green ; culm folitary from the bunch of leaves, 
ftriated, and fomewhat higher than the leaves ; head 
feflile, compofed of fpikelets from eight to twelve ; 
fpikelets thick, compreffed, diftich, compofed of broad- 
ovate, boat-lhaped, ftriated, brown, fcales edged with 
white ; involucre longer than the head, compreffed ; 
there is often another leaf fhorter than the head. Native 
of the Eaft Indies, in loofe fand. This feerns to be the 
fame with cyperus laevigatus, No. 7. 
3 6. Cyperus capitatus, or headed cyperus : culm fub- 
angular, ftriated, leafy in the middle, head terminating, 
three-leaved ; fpikes fertile. Culm four inches long, 
compreffed, with a leaf or two at the bafe, and a bunch 
of leaves in the middle. Probably native of the Eaft 
Indies. 
37. Cyperus ftoloniferus, or fhooting cyperus: culm 
naked, three-cornered ; umbel compound, involucred ; 
fpikelets lanceolate. Root bulbous; leaves narrow, li¬ 
near, complicate, a hand or half a foot in length ; culm 
a fpan in height. Native of Tranquebar in the. Eaft 
Indies. 
38. Cyperus pangorei, or finking cyperus: culm three- 
cornered, leafy at the bafe; involucre three-leaved; uni- 
verfal umbel decompound ; partial ones lubtrifid. Culm 
two feet and a half high. Native of Tranquebar. 
39. Cyperus cinnamomeus, or cinnamon-coloured cy¬ 
perus : culm three-cornered, leafy ; umbel confiding of 
fpikelets in a head peduncled and feflile ; involucre five¬ 
leaved, ferrulate-fcabrous. Root annual; culms three 
feet high and more, folitary, leafy at the bafe, naked 
above ; leaves longer than the culm, near half an inch 
broad, plaited, with an unarmed keel: edge of the up¬ 
per part rough. 
40. Cyperus fetaceus, or brirtly cyperus : culms feta- 
ceus, ftriated-angular, naked; fpike terminating with 
about four flowers, and naked. This very much refem- 
bles fcirpus acieularis ; culms in bunches three or four 
inches long, very (lender; leaves none; glumes pur- 
plifh ; ftyle trifid ; feed whitifh, turbinate, fomewhat 
wrinkled ; the angles rife above the feed with a truncate 
dagger-point. Frequent about Calcutta. 
41. Cyperus compadtus, or compadt-headed cyperus : 
culm round, leafy ; umbel decompound ; involucre five¬ 
leaved ; fpikelets heaped, fubfpiral. Culm two feet high 
and more. Sent from.China by Ofbeck. 
42. Cyperus mucronatus, or fharp-fcaled cyperus : 
culm round, naked; fpikes lateral, feflile ; involucre one- 
leafed. Culms a foot high, with brown truncate (heaths 
at the bafe. Native of Vifagapatnam, in the Eaft Indies. 
43. Cyperus diphyllus, or two-leaved cyperus : culm 
fubtriangular, two-leaved; umbel fuperdecompound; 
fpikelets roundifh, fubpinnate. Culm fix feet high. Na¬ 
tive of the Eaft Indies. 
C Y P 
44. Cyperus leucocephalns, or white-headed cyperus-: 
culm Cetaceous, three-cornered, naked ; head fertile ; in¬ 
volucre four leaved, or thereabouts, fpreading very much; 
flowers one-ftamened. Root oblong; culms half a foot 
high. Found in the Eaft Indies. 
45. Cyperus exaltatus, or upright cyperus: culm three- 
cornered, one-leafed at- the bafe ; umbel fuperdecom¬ 
pound, many-leaved; fpikelets linear, peduncled. Culm 
five feet high, ftriated; feed white. Native of Tranque¬ 
bar in the Eaft Indies. 
46. Cyperus niveus, or white cyperus: culm three- 
cornered, filiform, naked; umbel terminating, feflile, 
two-leaved; fpikes compreffed, lanceolate. Culms a 
foot and a half in height, ftriated ; feed black, like buck¬ 
wheat. From the Eaft Indies. 
47. Cyperus imbricatus, or imbricate cyperus: culm 
three-cornered, naked ; umbel decompound ; rays of the 
umbellules imbricate; involucre fix-leaved, with three 
leaves very long, and three very fliort. 48. Cyperus 
cruentus, or red cyperus: culm three-cornered, one- 
leafed at the bafe ; umbel terminating, two-leaved, very 
Ample. 49. Cyperus nitens, or fliining cyperus : culms 
three-cornered, leafy at the bafe; umbels almoft fimple ; 
involucre three-leaved ; flowers one-ftamened. 50. Cy¬ 
perus flavidus, or yellow cyperus : culm three-cornered, 
ftriated ; umbel compound, three-leaved ; fpikes lance¬ 
olate ; flowers one-ftamened. Thefe were all lent from 
the Eaft Indies by Konig, and are deferibed by Retzius 
from the dried fpecimens. 
51. Cyperus venuftus, or graceful cyperus. 52. Cy¬ 
perus ftuppeus, or ropy cyperus. 53. Cyperus linctus, 
or foft cyperus. Natives of the Society ifles; difeovered 
by Forfter. 
Propagation and Culture. Cyperu^ longus and rotundus 
may both be propagated by dividing the roots in the 
fpring. The firft of thefe, if planted in a warm fituation, 
will thrive in the open air. The fecond being more ten¬ 
der, the roots fliould be planted in pots, and fheltered in 
winter. Very few others have yet been introduced into 
cultivation here. Moft of them are natives of the Eaft 
or Weft Indies, and therefore will require the protection 
of the bark-ftove. See Carex, Dorstenia, Eriofho- 
rum, Schoenus, Sctrpus, and Spinifex. 
CY'PHI, J~. A compofition of fixteen ingredients, fuch 
as honey, raifins, cardamom feeds, See. It was much 
ufed in the Egyptian facrifices, and hence the troches, 
called trochifci cypheos. 
CY'PHIA,/; in botany. See Lobelia. 
CYPHO'MA,/! [from y.vorru, to bend.] A deformed 
gibbofity or curvature of the fpine of the back. 
C Y'PHONISM, /! A punifnment ufed by the ancients, 
which fome fuppole to have been the fmearing the body 
over with honey, and expofing the perfon bound to flies, 
wafps, See. But the author of the notes on Hefychius 
fays, under the word y.vtpuiv, that it is derived from the 
word y.uirru, to bend or (loop, and fignifies that kind of 
punifhment ftill ufed by the Chinefe, called by fir George 
Staunton the wooden-collar, by which the neck of the 
malefactor is bent or weighed downward. 
CYPRj®'A, f . in zoology, a genus belonging to the 
order of teftacea, the characters of which are thefe : the 
animal is a flug ; the fliell univalve, involute, fubovate, 
fmooth, obtufe at each end : aperture effufe at each end, 
linear, extending the whole length of the fliell, and tooth¬ 
ed on each fide. There are no lefs than 120 fpecies now 
afeertained by Dr. Gmelin. The (hells are commonly 
called cowries, or gcwrics ; and that fpecies of them called 
cypraa moneta, is fifhed up principally by the negro wo¬ 
men, three days before and after the full moon, and 
transmitted into India, South America, and the adjacent 
iilands, where they are ufed in commerce, inftead of 
fmall money. They inhabit principally the Mediterra¬ 
nean, Atlantic, and Ethiopic, oceans, and the Indian 
feas. For figures of the different fpecies of the cowry, 
fee Coxchology, plate IV. p. 24, of this volume. 
CY'PRESS, 
