C Y P R 
The tinea aufatus of Bloch, or golden tench, is placed 
by Gmelin as a variety only of the above. It is defcribed 
only in Bloch : Kramer indeed mentions fifh by this name, 
but it appears by his account that he can only mean the 
common tench, which fometimes fliines like gold. This 
variety is difringuiflied from the other carps by its fmall 
fcales, and from the common tench by its thin tranfpa- 
rent fins. There are fixteen rays in the pectoral fin, ten 
in the ventr.d, nine in the anal, nineteen in the tail, and 
twelve in the dorfal. This fifli is without contradiction 
the mod: beautiful in Europe. The golden colour of the 
body is relieved by black fpots ; the lips and rays are of 
the moft delicate role-colour; the fprings of the fins thin 
and whitifh ; which all together have a molt beautiful 
appearance, efpecially when the fun fliines on it. All 
the endeavours of the artift to imitate its colours in the 
annexed engraving, fall very fliort of its natural fplendour. 
The head is fmall compared with the fize of the body ; 
the lips and nofe are vermillion-colour; the front is broad, 
and blackilh, and the cheeks are yellow. The pupil of 
the eye is black ; the iris yellow, inclining to white above, 
but black below. The aperture of the mouth is fmall, 
with a fmall barbie on each fide. The back is in form 
of a flackened bow, round, black before the fin, and 
brownifh yellow beyond it; the dorfal fin is large, and 
nearer to the head than the ventral. About the lateral 
line, the body is of a red or orange colour; below the 
line the yellow becomes more pale; this line is broad, 
ftrait, and ornamented with red dots. The rays of the fins 
are red, ftrong, divided at the ends into eight branches, 
and united by a white membrane, ftudded with black 
lhining dots. This beautiful fifli is found in Pruflia 
and Bohemia ; but is a native of Silefia. It grows but 
flowly : thofe examined by Bloch had been thirteen' years 
in a canal, and well fed ; yet the largeft of them was not 
more than two feet and a half long at the utmoft. Its 
time and manner of fpawning is not known: it lives on 
weeds and worms like other fifli of this genus; thofe who 
keep them in ponds with carps feed them in the fame 
manner; when a bell is rung to call the carp to their 
food, thefe fifli do not follow that found, but the found 
which the carp themfelves make in coming up to the 
edge of the water. This fifli loves warmth; for in the 
winter they hide themfelves at the bottom of the ponds, 
under weeds or branches which may be found there ; 
but in fummer they fwim in fmall companies near the 
furface, being attradfed by the warmth, not by the light, 
of the fun : “ an obfervation,” fays Bloch, “confirmed 
by this, that the fifli I kept in my room always fought 
the fhady part of the veflel I kept it in, and again moved 
towards the (hade if the veflel was removed. Here it re¬ 
mained quiet for fome weeks ; but, having afterwards 
put a roach and a crucian in the fame veflel, who moved 
about a good deal in their new dwelling, this one began 
alfo to move about; and, when the others were taken 
away, he quitted the fliade now and then to fwim about; 
but this did not laft long. I kept it feveral months in 
fpring-water, which was changed from time to time, and 
fed it with bread ; the fifli throve as well as in the canal 
whence it was taken, being made a prefent to me by the 
queen of Pruflia. It is a hardy fifli, and outlived a 
gudgeon, a roach, and even a common tench, which I 
put in the fame veflel.” Bloch calls it, la doree d’etang. 
5. Cyprinus bynni, the Egyptian carp : third ray of the 
dorfal fin thick and horny ; tail linear, bifid ; cirri four-. 
The dorfal fin has ten or twelve rays according to Gme¬ 
lin, though at the head of the article he copies Forfkal’s 
ipecific character which makes them thirteen ; pectorals 
feventeen, veutrals nine, anal fix, tail nineteen. The 
head is a little comprelled ; back and belly doping ; la¬ 
teral line bent upwards, nearer the belly; anal and cau¬ 
dal fins red, white at the bafe, the reft whitifh, reddilh 
at the thicker edge. Inhabits the Nile: a cubit long; 
body entirely filyery, oval-oblong; fleih good. 
6 . Cyprinus Bulatmai, the Cafpian carp ; anal fin eight- 
Vol. V.„.No. 293. 
I N U S. 533 
rayed, fecond ray of the dorfal very large, not ferrate, 
cirri four. The dorfal fin has ten rays, the pectorals ui :e- 
teen, ventrals nine, caudal twenty-one. Head oblong, 
above brown, beneath white ; eyes moderate, lateral, iris 
varied with golden and filvery ; lateral line ftrait, nearer 
the belly; dorfal fin blackifh-brown, the firft ray very 
fmall, and with the next funple, the reft branched ; pec¬ 
toral grey at the bafe, reddifh at the tip ; anal red, whitifh 
at the bafe;'tail forked, reddifh-brown. Inhabits the 
Cafpian fea: fize of a carp ; body fteel-blue, with a golden 
fplendour, beneath filvery-golden ; fcales moderate, le- 
micircular, diftant; flefli fnowy and exquifite. 
7. Cyprinus capoeta, the fhort-headed Cafpian: nine 
rays in the anal fin ; third ray of the dorfal and anal very 
long, the former ferrate downwards ;,cirri two. The dor¬ 
fal fin has twelve or thirteen rays, pectorals feventeen 
to nineteen, ventrals nine or ten, and the caudal nineteen 
rays. Head fliort, very broad, fmooth; crown convex, 
brown; mouth beneath,tranfverfe, fmall, quadrangular; 
eyes lateral, iris filvery, above golden-brown ; gill-ccvers 
fmooth, brown, punftate; lateral line between the pec¬ 
toral and ventral fins, a little bent down, and nearer the 
belly ; fins brown, with darker fpots; dorfal in the mid¬ 
dle of the back, trapezoid, the firft ray very fliort, the 
fecond twice as long; pectoral oblong, pointed ; ventral 
oppofite the dorfal, with an appendage above, obtufely 
trapezoid; anal like the ventral ; tail forked. Inhabits 
the Cafpian fea, and afcends rivers in the winter ; about 
a foot long ; body comprelled, oblong; fcales rounded, 
moderate, fmooth, ftriate, filvery, dotted with brown, 
thofe on the belly lefs and white. 
8. Cyprinus cirrhofus, the cirrliated carp : thirteen rays 
in the anal fin, and two barbies at the upper lip. The 
pedtoral fin has fixteen rays, the ventral nine, the tail 
twenty-eight, the dorfal eighteen. The body is com¬ 
prelled ; head, tongue, and roof of the mouth, fmooth ; 
bones of the lips narrow ; noftrils fingle, and near the 
eyes. The lateral line is ftrait, the anus is near the tail.. 
This fpecies is found in rivers and lakes on the coaft of 
Malabar. It grows a foot and a half long, and is not 
fo delicate eating as the reft, being too ftrong for weak 
ftomachs. 
9. Cyprinus murfa, the long-headed Cafpian: cirri 
four; anal fin feven-rayed ; the firft very long ; third ray 
of the dorfal very long and thick, ferrate backwards 
beyond the middle. The dorfal fin has eleven or twelve 
rays, pedloral fixteen or feventeen, ventrals eight, caudal 
nineteen. Head long, conic, a little compreffed, fmooth ; 
crown convex ; eyes lateral, convex, iris yellowifh, 
' fpotted above with brown ; gill-covers fmooth, brown ; 
lateral line in the middle, ftraight ; anal and ventral fins 
fimilar, white, the latter fpotted above with brown, the 
reft entirely brown; dorfal placed in the middle of the 
back; pedtoral oblong ; tail vertical, forked. Inhabits 
the Cafpian fea, and in the fpring afcends rivers ; about 
a foot long; body oblong, f'quare, covered with mucus 
and fquarilh-rounded golden fcales, which, are above 
fhaded with brown and beneath whitifh. 
10. Cyprinus capito, the long-bearded barbel: cirri, 
four; third ray of the dorfal fin ferrate behind, lower 
fins whitifh. Inhabits rivers running into the Cafpian 
lea ; very much refembles the barbel, but is a little more 
comprelfed; head longer, broader, and lefs deprefled ; 
finaut more obtufe; cirri longer ; eyes larger ; dorfal fin 
farther back ; colour of the Tides and lower fins yellow, 
and has for y-feven vertebrae, whereas the barbel has 
only forty-four. 
11. Tail-fin nearly even at the end. 11. Cyprinus ca- 
raflius, the crucian carp.' This is a fpecies of the broad 
carps; and is uiftinguifhed from the reft by the lateral 
line, which is ftrait; the tail-fin not divided ; and ten 
rays in the anal fin. There are thirteen rays in the pec¬ 
toral fins, nine in the ventrals, and twenty-one inthe tail 
and dorfal. The head is fmall, and rounded at the ex¬ 
tremity, The upper part is olive-colour; the lidos 
6 U yellow 
