536 C Y P R 
finuofities, and is as long as the whole fifh. The ovary 
and roe are double; the air-bladder is in two parts, one 
broad, the other narrow. 
16. Cyprinus macrophthalmus, the telefcope carp. The 
conical proje&ing eyes form the fpecific character. The 
peftoral fin has ten rays, the ventral fix, the anus nine, 
the tail twenty-two, the dorfal eighteen. The whole 
body of the fifh, and the ground-colour of the fins, are 
of a beautiful red, darker towards the back, lighter to¬ 
wards the belly ; the membranes of the fins are almoft 
white, and the red rays fhining through them have a 
very fine effedt; the three white points of the tail form 
a trident, or a tulip. The head is fhort, but large, the 
mouth is fmall, the noftrils fingle. The pupil of the 
eye is black, the iris yellow ; the back is round; the la¬ 
teral line nearer the back than the belly; but it is inter¬ 
rupted by every fcale, and is very thin. The anus is 
much nearer the tail than the head. The fcales are large; 
the .rays of the fins ramified. This beautiful fifh is found 
in the frefh waters of China ; and Bloch is doubtful whe¬ 
ther it be in reality a new fpecies, or only a variety of 
the preceding. 
. IV. Tail bifid. 17. Cyprinus falcatus, the fickle-finned 
carp : anal fin eight-rayed ; dorfal and anal fins fickle- 
fltaped; The pedtoral fin has eighteen rays, the ventral 
nine, the tail fourteen, the dorfal twelve. The head is 
fmall, without fcales, and compreffed ; red above, fil¬ 
very at the fides, and fhaded with blue. The mouth is 
fmall; the upper jaw is the longed, and the bones of the 
lips .narrow ; tlie palate and tongue are fmooth ; noftrils 
round and fingle, lying midway between the mouth and 
dyes ; the pupil of the eye is black, iris yellow. The 
aperture of the gills is wide, and the membrane may be 
feen. The lateral line is ftrait, and the tail is bifur¬ 
cated. The fcales are broad, the rays of the fins foft and 
ramified. There is an appendage above the ventral fin. 
The body is .filver-colour fhaded with blue; the back 
is. blue, the fins reddiftt: found in the frefh waters of 
Malabar. 
. 18. Cyprinus fimbriatus, the fringed carp. The fringed 
lips form the fpecific character, with nine rays in the anal 
fin. The lips are broad, thick, and the fifh in breathing 
pitfhes them out and draws them back ; the under lip 
hangs.out fartheft, and has upon it a number of little 
warts or tubercles. The pedforal fin has feventeen rays, 
the ventral and anal nine each, the tail twenty-five, the 
dorfal eighteen. The head is fmall, even, and com¬ 
pile lie d ; the. noftrils are double, and near the eye■; pu¬ 
pil of the eye black; iri filvery, inclofed within two 
circles of red. The mou h is narrow ; the tongue loofe, 
the palate fmooth; body fleftiy and hard. The back and 
fins are of a violet colour, the belly white, and the body 
ornamented v ith red dots. The rays, except the firft, 
are foft and branched. Tliefe fifh are found in the frefh 
waters on the coaft of Malabar ; when kept in ponds, it 
will attain to the weight of three or four pounds, and is 
good food. 
19. Cyprinus regius, the royal carp : anal fin eleven- 
rayed, dorfal reaching the whole length of the back. 
Twenty-eight rays in the dorfal fin, fifteen in the pecto¬ 
rals, ten in the.ventrals, twenty-one in the tail. The eyes 
are yellowi , pupil blue, iris purple; mouth fhort, ob- 
tufe, without teeth ; fins foft, yellow ; fiefh delicious. In¬ 
habits the fea round Chili: nearly the fize of a herring ; 
body cylindrical, the fcales above golden, on the fines 
filvery. This and the three following are from Molina’s 
Hiftury of Chili. 
20. Cyprinus caucus, the Chilian carp: anal fin shir- 
teen-rayed ; body tuberof'e, a little filvery. Nine rays in 
the doi'fi.l tin, lixteen in the pedlorals, nine in the ven¬ 
trals, twenty-nine in the caudal. This fpecies is about 
a foot and a half long, and inhabits tire frefh wateis ot 
Chili, as do the two following. 
21. Cy[ rinus malchus, the tins Her Chilian carp: eight 
rays in tne anal fin; body Conical, of a bluifh colour. 
I N U S. 
Twelve rays in the dorfal fin, fourteen in the pedtorals, 
eight in the ventrals, eighteen in the tail. This fifh is 
about a foot long. 
22. Cyprinus iulus, the fmalleft Chilian carp : anal fint 
ten-rayed, tail bilobated. Fifteen rays in the dorfal fin, 
feventeen in the pe&orals, nine in the ventrals, nineteen 
in the tail. Only a fpan long. 
23. Cyprinus rivularis, the rivulet carp : fins eight- 
rayed, body fpotted with brown. Head obtufe, nearly 
fquare; the crown with a few hollow pores; iris filvery j 
lateral line ftrait, a little afcending at the head; firfs pale; 
pedtoral rounded. Inhabits fmall ftreams running down 
the Altaic mountains : two inches long ; body a little 
compreffed, fubfilvery; fcales hardly vifible. This and 
the two following were difcovered by Dr. Pallas. 
24.. Cyprinus labeo, the thick-lipped carp : anal fin 
feven-rayed, dorfal eight, ventrals nine, pectorals nine¬ 
teen. Head thick ; fnout conic, obtufe, a little flefhy p 
mouth placed under the fnout, fomething like that of 
the fturgeon ; eyes rather large, iris filvery-yellow ; pec¬ 
toral, ventral, and anal, fins red; tail brown; firft ray 
of the dorfal ftrong, bony. Haunts in numbers the rapid 
and ftony rivers round Dauuria, which empty themfelves 
into the eaftern fea; fwims very rapidly, and never reaches 
a yard long; body roundifh, fubcompreffed, coated with 
large fcales ; flefh very fine. 
25. Cyprinus leptocephalus, the fmall-headed carp ; 
with nine rays in the anal fin, and eight in the dorfal ; 
the pedtorals have twenty each, the ventrals ten. This 
has the fame haunts as the preceding, and is about the 
fame fize; fcales middle-fized. Iris yellowifh-lilvery 3 
fnout much lengthened, depvefled, rounded ; lower jaw 
longer; fins, except the dorfal, red. 
26. Cyprinus chalcoides, the herring-carp : anal fin 
nineteen-rayed, dorfal twelve. The pedtoral fins have 
fixteen rays, the ventrals nine, tail nineteen. Head com- 
preffed, pointed ; front and crown greenifh-brown ; eyes 
lateral, very moveable, iris filvery, above golden and 
fpotted with black, beneath with a blood-red mark; 
jaws without teeth, the lower longer; tongue oblong, 
fixed, white, fmooth, cartilaginous; palate fmooth; gill- 
covers flat, fmooth, fhining filvery; back a little con¬ 
vex ; lateral line curved downwards, nearer the belly, 
with about feventy whitifh elevated points; dorfal fin in 
the middle of the back, brovvnifti, the fecond ray very 
long; peftoral white, oblong, pointed, the firft ray very 
large and brown ; ventral rounded, white, with a lanceo¬ 
late appendage; firft ray of the anal very fhort, third 
very long ; tail perpendicular, brown. Inhabits the Cas¬ 
pian fea, and in pairing-time afcends rivers; hardly a 
foot long; body ccmprefled, oblong; fcales rounded, 
ftriate, above greyillt and greenifh-filvery, fpotted with 
brown, the fides fhining filvery, beneath milk white. 
This is probably Bloch’s cyprinus clupeoides, with 
the belly ferrate ; a charatleriftic which would feem to 
place it among the herrings ; but, fince it has, in com¬ 
mon with rite carps, three rays in the membrane of the 
gills, and teeth in the throat, it will more properly be 
ranked with them: it feems to ftand between the two 
genera, partaking fomething of the nature of each, and 
hence the name. It comes neareft to the razor-fifli, cypri¬ 
nus cultratus, by the lateral line running near the belly, 
its fword-fnaped body, and the ftrudture of the mouth. 
Bloch received feveral fpecimens from Mr. John, of 
Tranquebar; none of them exceeded fix inches and a half 
in length. 
27. Cyprinus galian, the Siberian carp : feven rays in 
the anal fin, dorfal and ventral, eight, pedtoral fourteen, 
tail nineteen. Head fhort, nearly coniccrown.blackifh; 
eyes lateral, iris filvery;. jaws blood-red at the edge, the 
lower a little longer; lateral line curved, nearer the belly 
than iii others of its tribe; fins with branched rays, red 
at the bate, whitifh in the middle, and tipt with brown; 
tail and quadrangular dorfal fin black at the bafe, in 
other parts whitifh dotted with black. Haunts the ftony 
rivers 
