$48 ,C Y R 
to exercife it with much dignity and ftriftnefs. Cyril, 
wlio was naturally of an ambitious and imperious tem¬ 
per, was fo far from being difpofed to fuffer that autho¬ 
rity to be in any degree diminifhed, that he embraced 
every opportunity to confirm and increafe it. Soon after 
his elevation to the bifhopric, he expelled the Novatians 
from Alexandria, and dripped their bithop, Theopemp- 
tus, of all his property. Some time afterwards, when 
certain Jews had intuited or ill-treated fome of the Chrif- 
tian inhabitants, inlfead of advifing them to apply for 
redrefs to the civil magiftrate, Cyril, with holy fury, 
put himfelf at the head of a Chriftian mob, and led them 
to the aflault and plunder of the fynagogues and houfes 
of that people, and drove them furioutly out of the city. 
This conduct very juftly alarmed the refentment and 
jealoufy of Oretles, the governor of Alexandria, who en¬ 
deavoured to re ft rain the epifcopal power within its pro¬ 
per limits, and to render the ecclefiaftical fubordinate to 
the civil authority. Cyril died at Alexandria, in the 
year 444. He was a man of undoubted learning, of con- 
liderable ingenuity, and of great induftry, as appears 
from the numerous productions which he left behind 
him. But he was ambitious, overbearing, and intole¬ 
rant, in the higheft degree. He is commended by the 
catholic writers for his piety, and his zeal in the caufe 
of faith. Of his private character little notice is taken 
by his hiftorians. Of his numerous works, which have 
been often printed, either entire, or in detached treatifes, 
the belt collection is that publifhed at Paris, in Greek 
and Latin, 1638, in (even volumes folio, under the in- 
fpeCtion of John Aubert, canon of Laon. 
CY'RIL-LUCAR, patriarch of Conftantinople in the 
feventeenth century, was born in the ifland of Cundia, 
in the year 1572. He was educated at Venice, and at 
Padua; whence he retorted for farther improvement to 
different univerfities in Germany. His learning-and know¬ 
ledge of the world are fpoken of in very refpeCtable 
terms ; and he is faid to have ftudied with particular at¬ 
tention the diftinguifhing doctrines and difcipline of the 
proteftant and Romilh churches. From the circum- 
ilances of his after-life it appears, that he left Germany 
with ftrong impreflions on his mind in favour of prote- 
ftantifm. On his return to his native country, he was 
ordained pried in the Greek church, and appointed an 
archimandrite by his relation Melitius Piga, at that time 
poilefting a dignity equivalent with that of grand vicar, 
and afterwards patriarch of Alexandria ; by whom he 
was lent into Lithuania, where he oppofed the union 
that was projected between the Lutheran and Romifh 
churches. In the year 1621 he was appointed patriarch 
of Conftantinople. When in this fituation, he had the 
courage to declare his inclination towards the religious 
fentiments of the proteftant reformed churches, and his 
wifti to render the doCtrines and rituals of the Greeks 
more conformable than they are at prefent to the purity 
and fimplicity of the gofpel. This degree of liberality, 
however, was too exalted for the times and circumftances 
in which he was placed, and excited the violent oppo- 
iition of the bigotted members of his own communion, 
who were joined by the friends of the Romifh church, 
by whom his conduct in Lithuania was not forgotten, 
nor forgiven. By their united intrigues at the Porte, he 
was depofed from the patriarchate, and exiled to Rhodes. 
Through the influence of the Englifh ambaffador he was 
afterwards reinftated in that dignity; when he had the 
rdolution again to profecute the meafures which he had 
formerly conceived, for introducing a gradual reforma¬ 
tion into the Greek church. But the renewed oppofi- 
tion which he met with, and the artifices of his enemies, 
proved too powerful and fuccefsful to be withftood by 
him, and ultimately accomplifhed his ruin. For, after 
being perplexed and perfecuted by them in various 
ways, he was at length accufed, by falfe witnefles, of 
•high-treafon againft the ftate, and put to death, by an 
order of the grand feignior, in the year 163$, 
* 
C Y R 
CYRIL'LA,/. [fo named by LTIeritier, in honour 
of Dominico Cyri/lo, M. D. profefiorof medicine at Naples, 
author of Planta rariores Ilegni Neapolitani, &c.] In bo¬ 
tany, a genus of the clafs didynamia, order angiofpermia, 
natural order of perfonatae. The generic characters are 
.—.Calyx : perianthium fuperior, five-leaved, permanent; 
leaflets linear-lanceolate, acute, fpreading. Corolla: 
one-petalled, funnel-form; tube cylindric, fubcomprelfed, 
inflated, declined-ftraight, longer than the calyx ; bor¬ 
der almoft equal, inclined, five-parted; parts rounded, 
revolute, fpreading, the three lower more produced. 
Stamina: filaments four, the two lower longer, filiform, 
then capillary incurved-converging, finally fpiral, thick¬ 
ened at the bafe, inferted into the lower margin of the 
corolla, fhorter than the tube ; antherae ovate, two- 
celled, peltate, diftinct before flowering-time, but after¬ 
wards united into a fquare, white. Piftillum : germ half- 
emerging, conic at the top, with a nectareous lid, below 
turbinate, villofe ; ftyle filiform, pubefcent, becoming 
bent down, the length of the ftamens ; ftigma two-lobed. 
Pericarpium : caplule turbinate, half two-celled; par¬ 
titions two, extending half way, each ending in a two- 
parted receptacle. Seeds: numerous, fmall.— Ejfential 
CkaraEler. Calyx, fuperior, five-leaved, linear-lanceolate; 
corolla, declined, funnel-form ; tube cylindric, gibbous 
on its lower edge; throat tricallous; border inclined, 
five-parted ; fegments roundifti, the three lower more 
produced ; filaments inferted into the margin of the co¬ 
rolla, incurved, with a fifth barren; antherae cohering; 
germ inferior, half emerging, with a neCtareous lid ; 
ftyle bent down ; ftigma two-lobed ; capfule half two- 
celled, with two-parted receptacles ; feeds numerous. 
Cyrilla pulchella, a Angle fpecies. It is a handfome 
plant: root branched, fibrole, ftoloniferous. The young 
(hoots refemble aments or catkins, are cylindric, and 
clofely imbricate, with ovate pubefcent fcales, thick¬ 
ened at the bafe, emarginate, and red. Stems feveral, 
almoft upright, branched, round, extremely villofe, 
dufky purple, herbaceous; branches ternate, fpreading. 
Stem-leaves in threes, on the branches ufuxlly oppofite, 
petioled, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, (harp at botli ends, 
loofely ferrate, entire at the bafe, with nerves prominent 
below, grooved above, villofe on both fides, bright 
green, beneath paler, and very frequently blood-red. 
Flowers refembling thofe of ruellia, axillary, folitary, 
peduncled, inclined, red. This plant is diftinguiftied 
from gefneria by its funnel-form corolla, with a cylindric 
ftraight tube, and a flat almoft equal border. Native of 
Jamaica. Browne obferved it near Hope-river, in the 
lower mountains of Liguanea. It flowers here at the end 
of fummer and the beginning of autumn. It muft be 
kept in the bark ftove, and may be propagated by fuck¬ 
ers. It never produces feed here. It deferves to be cul¬ 
tivated in the Weft Indies for its beauty and elegance. 
There it thrives beft in a cool moift gravel, mixed with 
rich mould. See Itea. 
CYRIL'LO, or Cirillo (Dominico), a celebrated 
phyfician, was born in Grumo, in the neighbourhood of 
Naples, about the year 1730. He was fcarcely twenty- 
five years of age, when he was appointed profeflor of 
botany in the univerfity of Naples, and it Was on that 
occafion he publifhed his firft work, IntroduElio ad Bota- 
nicam. The next year, Mr. Cyrillo being introduced, 
in his capacity of phyfician, to lady Walpole, when tra¬ 
velling through Italy, he attended her in her return to 
London. Here he aflifted at Dr. Hunter’s lectures, and 
was honoured with a fellowfhip in the royal fociety. 
On his return to Naples, he occupied the firft medical 
chair in the univerfity; and from that time he commu¬ 
nicated many ufeful difcoveries to the Neapolitan aca¬ 
demy, to the inftitute of Bologna, to the royal fociety, 
and, mod of all, to the gazzetta civica of Naples. His 
metaphyfical work, Meditazioni Filofoficke, is little known 
out of Italy. In the year 1783 he publilhed his great 
work, Planta rariores Rcgni Neapolitans - } or, the Delcrip- 
