DEL 
flood extended, all thefe were dedroyed: but I fee no 
reafon to extend the dedruflion of thefe beyond that 
compafs and fpace of the earth where men inhabited, be- 
caufe the punifliment upon the beads was occafioned by, 
and could not but be concomitant with, the deftrudtion 
of man ; but (the occafion of the deluge being the fin of 
man, who was pumflied, in the beads that were dedroyed 
for his fake, as well as in himfelf) where the occalion 
was not, as where they were animals and no men, there 
feems no neceflity of extending the flood thither. But 
to what end, will it therefore be implied, did God com¬ 
mand Noah, with fo much care, to take all kinds of 
birds, beads, and creeping things, into the ark with him, 
if all thefe living creatures were not dedroyed by the 
flood ? I anfwer, becaufe all thofe things were dedroyed 
wherever the flood was. Suppofe then the whole con¬ 
tinent of Ada was peopled before the flood, which is as 
much as in reafon we may fuppofe; I fay, all the living- 
creatures in that continent were dedroyed ; or, if we may 
fuppoie it to have extended over our whole continent of 
the ancient knowm world, what reafon would there be, 
that in the oppofite part of the globe, which we fuppofe 
to be unpeopled then, all the living creatures fliould 
there be dedroyed, becaufe men had linned in this ? and 
would there not have been on this fuppofition a fufficient 
reafon to preferve living creatures in the ark for future 
propagation ?” &c. 
Thus we have the drength of all the arguments that 
have been offered in fupport of a partial deluge, and 
which may all be fummed up in the three following ar¬ 
ticles : i. The impoffibility, in a natural way, of account¬ 
ing for the quantity of water nece’ffary to overflow the 
whole w r orld; 2. The fmall number of mankind fuppofed 
at that time to have exided on the earth; and, 3. The 
inutility of an univerfal deluge; when the divine pur- 
pofes could have been equally well anfwered by a partial 
one. But to all this we may make one general anfwer, 
that a partial deluge is in the nature of things impoflible. 
We cannot imagine that the waters could accumulate 
upon any country without going ofl' to the fea, while the 
latter retained its ufual level ; neither can we fuppofe 
any part of the fea to remain above the level of the red. 
On the fuppofition of bifliop Stillingfleet, therefore, that 
the deluge extended over the whole continent of Ada, 
we know that it mud have covered the high mountains of 
Ararat, on which the ark reded, Caucafus, Taurus, &c. 
The height of Ararat is indetermined, as no traveller of 
any credit pretends to have afcended to its top ; but, 
from the didance at which it is feen, we can fcarcely look 
upon it to be inferior to the mod celebrated mountains 
of the old continent. Sir John Chardin thinks that fome 
part of Caucafus is higher ; and fuppodng each of thefe 
to be only a mile and a half in height, the fea all round 
the globe mud have been railed to the fame height; and 
therefore all that could remain of dry ground as a fheltep 
to animals of any kind, mud have been the uninhabitable 
tops of fome high mountains fcattered at immenfe dif- 
tances from one another. We may therefore with equal 
reafon fuppofe, that thefe were in like manner covered, 
and that no living creature whatever could And flielter 
even for a moment: and it is certainly more agreeable to 
the character of the Deity to believe, that he would at 
once dedroy animal life by fuffocation in water, rather 
than allow numbers of them to collect themfelves on the 
tops of mountains to perifli with hunger and cold. It is 
befides very improbable, that any creature, whether bird 
or bead, could fudain a continued rain of forty days and 
forty nights, even without fuppodng them to have been 
abfolutely immerfed in water. This conlideration alone 
is fufficient to ffiew, that if there was a deluge at all, it 
mud have been univerfal with regard to the world, as 
well as the human race ; and the poffibility of fuch a 
deluge by natural means has already been evinced. 
Some-objections have been made to the dodtrine of an 
univerfal deluge from the date of the continent of Aihe- 
u G E. 69s 
rica, and the number of animals peculiar to that and 
other countries, which could not be fuppofed to travel to 
fuch a didance either to or from the ark of Noah. On 
this lubject bifliop Stillingfleet obferves, that the fup¬ 
pofition of animals being propagated much farther in the 
world than mankind beiore the flood, feems very proba¬ 
ble, “ becaufe the production of animals is parallel in 
Genefis with that ot fillies, and both of them different 
from man. For God faith, Let the waters bring forth 
every moving creature that hath life, viz. fiffi and fowl. 
And accordingly it is faid, that the waters brought forth 
abundantly every living creature after their kind, and 
every fowl after his kind. Accordingly, in the produc¬ 
tion of beads, we read, ‘ Let the earth bring forth the 
living creature after his kind, cattle, and every creeping 
thing, and bead of the earth, after his kind: and it was 
fo.’ Butin the production of man it is faid, ‘ Let us 
make man in our image, and after pur likenefs.’ From 
hence we may obferve this difference between the forma¬ 
tion of animals and of man, that in one God gave a pro¬ 
lific power to the earth and waters for the production of 
the feveral living creatures which came from them, fo 
that the feminal principles of them were contained in 
the matter out of which they were produced ; which was 
otherwife in man, who was made by a peculiar hand of 
the great Creator himfelf, who thence is faid to have 
formed man out of the dud of the ground. 
“ It now this fuppofition be embraced, by it we pre- 
fently clear ourfelves ot many difficulties concerning the 
propagation of animals in the world, and their conferva- 
tion in the ark ; as how the unknown kind of ferpeilt in 
Brazil, the flow-bellied creature in the Indies, and all 
thofe drange fpecies of animals feen in the Wed Indies, 
fliould either come into the ark of Noah, or be cohveyed 
out of it into thofe countries which are divided by fo 
vad an ocean on one fide, and at lead 1 b large a traCt of 
land on the other. Befides, fome kind of animals can¬ 
not live out of the climate where they are; and there 
are many forts of animals difeovered in America and the 
adjoining iflands, which have left no remainders'of them¬ 
felves in thefe parts of the world. And it feems drange, 
that thefe fliould propagate into thofe parts of the world 
from the place of the flood, and leave none at all of their 
number behind them in thefe parts whence they were 
propagated.” 
To this Mr. Cockburn, in his treatife on the deluge, 
replies, “ That as it pleafed God to create only one man 
and one woman a): the beginning, and their poflerity were 
fufficient to overfpread the earth, it might well be fup- 
pofed to be furnilhed with animals from an original pair 
of each. On the fuppofition of many pairs of brute ani¬ 
mals, having been created originally, they mud, when 
the human race were few in number, have multiplied to 
fuch a degree as to render the world uninhabitable.” In 
confirmation of this, he informs us, from the accounts of 
the Indian miffionaries, that in the kingdom of Champua 
in the Indies; the river called by the natives Tinacorcu, 
but by the Portuguefe Varella, goes up eighty leagues 
into the country to a mountain called Moncalor, above 
which it is much broader, but not fo deep by far; there 
being banks of land in fome places, and lands overflowed, 
with Water, where there are an infinite number of fowls 
that cover all the country ; inlbmuch, that by reafon of 
them the whole kingdom of Chintalcuhos had for forty 
years been defolate, though it was eight days journey in 
length ; which, at thirty miles a-day, made it 240 miles 
-long. After paffing this country, another was met with 
more wild, and full of great rocks; where there weie a 
vad number of animals yet worfe than the fowls, as ele¬ 
phants, rhinoceroles, lions, bears, buffaloes, and other 
beads, in fuch multitudes, that whatever men cultivated 
for tlmlupport of life was fpoiled or dedroyed by them, 
rior was it podible for the inhabitants to prevent it. 
The Ifle of France may be faid to be the kingdom of 
rats. They come down from the mountains like an army, 
■ creep 
