D E R 
DER'BENT, a town of Perfia, in the province of Cho- 
rafan : ninety miles fouth of Abiverd. 
DER'BENT, a town of Perfia, in the province of Cho- 
rafan : 110 miles fouth of Abiverd. 
DERBIN'SKOI, a Tartarian village of Siberia, in the 
government of Irkutfk, on the Lena. Lat. 60. 20. N. 
Ion. 134. E. Ferro. 
DER'BY, the county town of Derbyfhire, fituate on 
the weft bank of the Derwent, over which it has a fine 
(tone-bridge. Camden fuppofes the name Derby is con¬ 
tracted from the ancient term Derwenthy, as expreflive 
of its fituation on the banks of the Derwent. The river 
is navigable into the Trent. The firft filk manufactory 
ever known in England, was eftablilhed upon this river; 
for particulars of which, fee the article Silk. 
Derby is populous and well built, has five parifhes, a 
large market-place, a beautiful town-houfe of free-ftone, 
and very handfome ftreets. In the church of All Saints, 
the body of which has been rebuilt in an elegant tafte, 
is- the burial-place of the noble Cavendiftt family; and 
there is an hofpital clofe by the church, built by one of 
the fame family, for eight poor men and four women. 
The church is remarkable for the architecture of its 
beautiful Gothic tower, 178 feet high ; and for the ele¬ 
gance of its ornaments. The government of Derby is in 
a mayor, high-fteward, nine aldermen, a recorder, four¬ 
teen brothers, fourteen capital burgefles, and a town- 
clerk. It has returned members to parliament from the 
firft fummons, 23 Edw. I. It is of great antiquity, and 
was a royal borough in the reign of Edward the Confef- 
for, at which time there were 143 burgeftes; but, when 
the Norman furvey was made, they were reduced to joo. 
It was afterwards incorporated by Charles I. This bo¬ 
rough furrendered all prior charters and grants, and all 
its liberties and privileges, into the hands of the crown : 
upon which a new charter was granted, 34Cha.II. The 
principal trade of the place confifts in its filk manufac¬ 
tory, and that of Englifh china or porcelain ; alfo in 
cottons and fine worfted (lockings. The china manufac¬ 
ture is remarkable for its colouring and gilding. Orna¬ 
ments, fuch as vafes, urns, pillars, columns, &c. made 
of fpar, form likewife a confiderable branch of trade at 
Derby. The number of inhabitants in the five parifties, 
is eftimated at 8593. Prince Charles entered Derby on 
the 4th of December, 1745, but abandoned it 011 the 6th: 
126 miles north-north-weft of London. Derby gives title 
of earl to the noble family of Stanley, and is the fecond 
earldom of England. The market is on Friday. Fairs: 
January 25, March 21 and 22, for cheefe ; Friday in Eaf- 
ter-week for horned or black cattle ; Friday after May- 
day, Friday in Whitfun-week, St. James’s day, (July 25,) 
for horned cattle ; September 27, 28,.29, for cheefe; Fri¬ 
day before Old Michaelmas, a meeting by cuftom for 
horned cattle. 
A mile below Derby upon the Derwent, flood the old 
Roman Derventio, now Little Chefter. Remains of the 
old walls, vaults, wells, Roman coins, aqueduCts, hu¬ 
man bones, brafs-rings, and other marks of antiquity, 
have been from time to time difcovered, and fti 11 con¬ 
tinue to be dug up. Derby has of late years derived 
confiderable advantages from the extenfive canals which 
are connected with the Derwent; for particulars of which 
fee the article Canal, vol. iii. p. 685. 
DER'BY, a townfhip of the American States, in Or¬ 
leans county, Vermont, on the north line of the (late, and 
on the eaft (bore offtake Memphremagog. 
DER'BY, a town of the American States, inNew-Haven 
county, Connecticut, on the point of land formed by the 
confluence of Naugatuck and Houfatonick rivers. This 
town was'fettled in 1665, under New-Iftaven jurifdiction, 
and is now divided into two-parifties;’with an academy. 
It has a confiderable trade with the Weft Indies; and a 
number of mills on the falls of Naugatuck, and iron and 
Oliver works on Eight-mile river, which falls into the 
Vol. V. No. 310. 
D E R 741 
Stratford. The Stratford or Houfatonick river is navi¬ 
gable twelve miles to this town. 
DER'BY, a town of the American States, in Chefter 
county, Pennfylvania, feven miles from Chefter, and five 
from Philadelphia. It is fituated on Derby creek, which 
empties into Delaware river, near Chefter. 
DER'BY, a townfhip of the American States, in Dau¬ 
phin county, Pennfylvania, fituated on the eaft fide ot 
Swatera creek, two miles above its confluence with the 
Sufquehannah, and celebrated for its curious cave. 
DER'BY, a townfhip of the American States, on Suf¬ 
quehannah river, in Pennfylvania. There are two other 
townlhips of the fame name in Pennfylvania; the one in 
Mifflin county, the other in that of Weftmoreland. 
DER'BYSHIRE, an inland county of England, bound¬ 
ed on the north-weft by Chefhire, on the north by York- 
flvire, on the eaft by the counties of Nottingham and 
Leicefter, on the fouth by the counties of Leicefter and 
Stafford, and on the weft by the county of Stafford. 
During the Saxon heptarchy, it formed part of the king¬ 
dom of Mercia; it is now in the province of Canterbury, 
the diocele of Litchfield and Coventry, and in the Mid¬ 
land circuit. It is fifty-five miles long, thirty-four broad, 
and 175 In circumference ; containing 988 fquare miles, 
632,320 fquare acres, and is divided into fix hundreds, 
and 106 parifties; has fifty-three vicarages, 503 villages, 
and ten market-towns, viz. Derby, the county town, 
Chefterfield, Wirkfworth, Bakewell, A(hborne, Bolfo- 
ver, Alfreton, Chapel in Frith, Dronfield, and Tidef- 
well. Its rivers are the Derwent, Trent, Wye, Erifli, 
Crawlock, Dove, Compton, Rother, Ibber, and Nore. 
It fends four members to the imperial parliament, viz. 
two for the county, and two for Derby town. It pro¬ 
duces great quantities of lead, antimony, mill-ftones, 
grinding-ftones, marble, alabafter, cryftal, azure fpar, 
green and white vitriol, alum, pit-coal, and iron. Its 
chief manufactories are holiery, porcelain, malt, beer, 
and tobacco-pipes. Towards the north-weft it is very 
mountainous, and that part is called the High Peak. The 
eaftern part of the county, and the center, arC called the 
Low Peak. The fouthern part is more level. The foil 
of the High Peak is very (hallow, and hardly admits the 
ufe of the plough, it affords however pafture for (beep : 
the Low Peak is more capable of cultivation, and the 
fouthern parts are fertile. The Peak itfelf is generally 
reckoned one of the higheft hills in England; and is re¬ 
markable for thofe ltupendous caverns or excavations 
which have for ages pad been called the wonders of the 
Peak. Thefe wonders have been defcribed by various 
authors, both in prole and verfe ; but language has little 
power to give adequate ideas of fcenes of this awful and 
majeftic kind. We (hall, however, venture to defcribe 
them front the lateft and bcft information we have been 
able to obtain. The chief of thefe wonders are known by 
the names of Peak’s-hole, Poole's-hole, and Elden-hole. 
Peak’s-ho/e is near Caftleton, in the fide of the Peak 
mountain, opening almoft in the form- of an old Gothic 
arch. It is upwards of thirty feet perpendicular, and 
twice as much broad at the bottom, and wider, it is (aid, 
than any artificial arch at pcefent known. This arch is 
formed by nature at the bottom of a rock, wliofe perpen¬ 
dicular altitude is eighty-feven yards. It is checquered 
with a diveriity of coloured (tones, from which continu¬ 
ally drops a fparry water that petrifies. Within this arch 
are feveral (mail buildings, inhabited by poor people, 
who live there to attend travellers who have the curio- 
fity to come to fee thefe rarities of nature. Juft within 
this arch is a cavern of the fame height, forty yards wide 
and above one hundred in length. Tire roof of the place 
is flattifti, of folid rock, anti looks ghaftly overt-head, 
becaufe it has nothing but the natural (ide-vvalls to Cup. 
port it. The tit ft information received from your ruftic 
guide, who is the ■ natural if! and philofopher ot the place, 
is the manner in which water congeals itfelf to fpar ; 
9 C “ At 
