D I A 
790 
Scheringham. A French grenadier, who had deferted from 
the Indian fervice, had the addrefs to become one of the 
priefts of that idol, from which he contrived to deal its 
eye : he then made his efcape to the Englifh at Madras. 
The captain of an Ea(l India Ihip bought it for twenty 
thoufand rupees : afterwards a Jew gave eighteen thou- 
fand pounds fterling for it : at lad a Greek merchant, 
named Gregory Suffras, offered it to fale at Amderdam, 
in 1766 ; when prince OrlofF made tins acquifition for 
llis fovereign, the emprefs of Rudia, at the price of one 
hundred and fifty thoufand pounds above-mentioned. 
The diamond of the great mogul Aurengzebe, weighed 
2 79 ro ca r ats > an d was valued at 380,000 guineas. Ano¬ 
ther diamond, of the king of Portugal, which weighs 215 
carats, is valued at 369,800 guineas. The diamond of 
the emperor of Germany weighs 139-t carats, and is va¬ 
lued at 109,520 guineas. The diamond of the late king 
of France, called the regent, weighing 1365 carats, was 
valued at 208,333 guineas. 
Diamonds have no brilliancy when dug out of the 
earth, but are covered with an earthy cruft, which in- 
clofes a fecond cruft, of the nature of calcareous fpar. 
Some indeed, are found bright, which are taken out of 
the channels of torrents, having loft their external cruft 
by the attrition of that force which carried them from 
their native beds. From their rough date they are cut 
and polifhed by means of a mill, which turns an iron 
wheel, fprinkled over with diamond powder mixed with 
oil of olives; or it is performed by rubbing one diamond 
againft another, which is called grinding : for fo hard is 
the texture of the diamond, that the belt tempered fteel 
has noeffedt upon it, and it can only be wrought and po¬ 
lifhed by its own powder. This is likewife ufed, diluted 
with water and vinegar, in the operation of fawing the 
diamond, which is performed with a fteel wire as fine as 
a hair. When wrought, the diamond is diftinguifhed by 
various appellations, according to its figure or deftina- 
tion, as rofe-diamond, brilliant, &c. The diamond is con¬ 
sidered as of little ufe but for ornament • yet it is of 
great advantage to the glazier for cutting glafs, and to 
various artifts for engraving ornaments, &c. on glafs and 
flone. For what are called Brijlol and Cornijh diamonds, 
fee Mineralogy. 
Fadtitious or artificial diamonds are compounded of 
glafs, and are an invention of the French, ufually called 
pajle\ for particulars of which, fee the article Gem. 
“Diamond cuts Diamond." —The French fay: A 
jin, Jin & demi\ Cunning requires cunning and a half; 
one fharper ought to have another to deal with him. 
DI'AMOND, a (mall ifland of the Weft Indies, near 
the fouth-weft coaft of the ifland of Martinico : half a 
league fouth of Cape Diamond. 
DI'AMOND, a (mall ifland in the bay of Bengal, near 
the fouth-weft coaft of Ava. Lat. 15. 50. N. Ion. 94. 30. 
E. Greenwich. 
DI'AMOND POINT, a cape on the north coaft of 
the ifland of Sumatra, in the ftrait of Malacca. Lat. 5. 
20. N. Ion. 97. 52. E. Greenwich. 
DIAM'PER, or Udeamper, a town of India, in the 
country of Cochin, faid to be inhabited by Chriftians of 
St. Thomas: fifteen miles weft of Cochin. Lat. 9. 57. N. 
Ion. 76. ai. E. Greenwich. 
Dl'AN MAHE, a town of the ifland of Madagafcar : 
100 miles north of Carembole. 
Dl'AN RAHOLT, a town of the ifland of Madagaf¬ 
car : 110 miles north-north-eaft of Carembole. 
Dl'AN RAVAL, a town of the ifland of Madagafcar: 
Sixty miles north-north-eaft of Carembole. 
DIA'NA, in fabulous hiftory, the goddefsof hunting. 
According to Cicero, there were three of this name : a 
daughter of Jupiter and Proferpine, who became mother 
of Cupid; a daughter of Jupitei and Latona; and a 
daughter of Upis and Glauce. The fecond is the moil 
celebrated, and to her all the ancients allude. She was 
born at the fame birth as Apollo 5 and the pains which 
D I A 
fhe Saw her mother fuffer during her labour gave her 
fuch an averfion to marriage, that (lie obtained of hfer 
father permiflion to live in perpetual celibacy, and to 
prelide over the travails of women. To fhun the fociety 
of men, fhe devoted herfelf to hunting ; and was always 
accompanied by a number of chofen virgins, who like 
herfelf abjured the ufe of marriage. She is reprefented 
with a quiver, and attended with dogs, and fometimes 
drawn in a chariot by two white flags. Sometimes (lie 
appears with wings, holding a lion in one hand and a 
panther in the other, with a chariot drawn by two hei¬ 
fers, or two horfes of different colours. She is repre¬ 
fented as tall ; her face Something manly ; her legs bare, 
well fliaped, and ftrong; and her feet covered with a 
bufkin worn by huntrefles among the ancients. She 
received many furnames, particularly from the places 
where her worfliip was eftabliftied, and from the func¬ 
tions over which fhe prefided. She was called Lucina , 
llythia, or Juno Pronuba, when invoked by women in child¬ 
bed ; and Trivia, when worfhipped in the crofs-ways, 
where her ftatues were generally erected. She was lup- 
pofed to be the fame as the Moon and Proferpine or He¬ 
cate, and f 1*0m that circumftance fhe was called Trifor- 
mis ; and fome of her ftatues reprefented her with Three 
heads, that of a hor-fe, a dog, and a boar. Her power 
and functions under thefe three characters have been 
beautifully exprefled in thefe two verfes: 
Terret, lujlrat, agii, Prpjerpina, Luna, Diana , 
Ima,fuprema,/eras,feeptro,fulgore,Jagitta. 
She was alfo called Agrotcra, Orithia, Taurica, Delia, Cyn¬ 
thia, Aricia, &c. She was fuppofed to be the fame as 
the Ids of the Egyptians, whofe worfliip was introduced 
into Greecewith that of Ofiris, under the n 5 me of Apollo, 
When Typhon waged war againft the gods, Diana is fa¬ 
bled to have metamorphofed herfelf into a cat to avoid 
his fury.. She is generally known, in the figures that 
reprefent her, by the crefcent on her head, by the dogs 
which attend her, and by her hunting habit. The moll 
famous of her temples was that of Epliefus, which was 
one of the feven wonders of the world. She was there 
reprefented with a great number of breads, and other 
fymbols which fignified the Earth, or Cybele. Though 
(lie was the patronefs of chaftity, yet (he forgot her dig¬ 
nity to enjoy the company of Endymion, and the very 
familiar favours which (lie granted to Pan and Orion are 
well known. See Endymion, Pan, and Orion. The 
inhabitants of Taurica were particularly attached to the 
worfliip of this goddefs, and they cruelly offered on her 
altar all the ftrangers that were (hipwrecked on their 
coafts. Her temple in Aricia was ferved by a prieft who 
had always murdered his predeceffor; and the Lacede¬ 
monians yearly offered her human victims till the age of 
Lycurgus, who is faid to have changed this barbarous 
cuftom for the Diamaftigofis, or ceremony of flagella¬ 
tion. The Athenians generally offered her goats; and 
others a white kid, and fometimes a boar-pig or an ox. 
Among plants, the poppy and the dittany were facred to 
her. She, as well as her brother Apollo, had fome ora¬ 
cles ; among which thofe of Egypt, Cilicia, and Eplie- 
fus, are the moft known. Cicero. Ovid. 
DIA'N/E FA'NUM, in ancient geography, a promon¬ 
tory of Bithynia : now Scutari, a citadel oppoflte to Con- 
ftantinople, on the eaft fide of the Bofphorus Thracius. 
DIA'N/E POR'TUS, a port of Corftca, fituated be¬ 
tween Aleria and Mariana, on the eaft fide. 
DIANANCAS'MUS, J. [from and uvccyy.xZf,, Gr. 
to force.] In furgery, the forcible reftoration of a luxated 
part into its proper place. Alfo an inftrument to reduce 
a diftorted fpine. 
DIANA'TIC, adj. in logic, reafoning in a progreffive 
manner, proceeding from one fubjeft to another. 
DIAN'DRIA,y. [ 5 k and Gr. ahufband.J In bo¬ 
tany, the fecond clafs of Linnfeus’s Artificial Syftem, com¬ 
prehending all hermaphrodite flowers, which have two 
ftamens. 
