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ftamens, Alfo the name of an order in the clafles gy- 
nandria, monoecia, and dioecia. Haller calls fuch plants 
dijlemanes. See our article Botany, as above. 
DlANRL'LA,y, in botany. See Drac.'ena. 
DIA'NIUM, anciently a town of the Conteftani, in 
the Hither Spain ; famous for a temple of Diana, whence 
the name : now Denia, a fmall town of Valencia, on the 
Mediterranean. Alfo a promontory near Dianium : now 
El Calc Martin, four leagues from Denia, running out into 
the Mediterranean. 
DIA'NO, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, 
and province of Principato Citra : thirteen miles north- 
north-weft of Policaftro. 
DIA'NO, a town of Italy, in the ftate of Genoa : about 
two miles from the fea, and three from Oneglio. 
DIANCE'A,y Gr.] A figure in rhetoric, 
importing a ferious confidoration of the matter in hand. 
DIANTHE'RA, f. and npa, Gr. double-an- 
thered.] In botany, a genus of the clafs diandria, order 
monogynia, natural order perfonatas. The generic cha¬ 
racters are—Calyx : perianthium one-leafed, five-parted, 
tubular; divisions lanceolate, equal, length ot the tube, 
permanent. Corolla: one-petalled, ringent; tube fhort; 
Upper-lip flattifii, reflex, cloven, very obtufe ; lower- 
lip three-parted ; divifions oblong, equal, obtufe, dif- 
tant; the middle one wider. Stamina : filaments two, 
filiform, fhorter than the corolla, growing to the back of 
it, length of the upper lip ; antherae on each filament 
double, oblong ; the one a little higher. Piftillum : 
germ oblong; ftyle filiform, length of the ftamens ; ftigma 
obtufe. Pericarpium : capfule two-valved, two-celled, 
comprefied above and below, but alternately, with boat¬ 
like valves, burfting afunder with an elafiic nail. Seeds: 
folitary, in form of a lens.— EJJ'cntial Charader. Corolla, 
ringent ; capfule, two-celled, burfting with an elafiic 
nail; ftamina, each a pair of alternate antherae. 
This genus differs fomewhat from jufiicia in habit, 
Ration, time, &c. but in the effential characters of the 
fructification agrees with it entirely ; and as to the two 
anthera: on each ftamen, which gave occafion to the dif- 
tinCtion and the name, fome fpecies of jufiicia have them. 
Hence Swartz would difmifs the genus dianthera entire¬ 
ly, and unite the fpecies to jufiicia. Since Schreber, 
however, retains the genus, we have left it as Linnaeus 
gave it. 
Species, i. Dianthera Americana, or American dian¬ 
thera : fpikes folitary, alternate. This is a low herba¬ 
ceous plant, with a perennial root, which fends out feve- 
ral weak ftalks about four inches long; the leaves are 
roundifh, hairy, feflile, of ft dark green colour, and an 
aromatic odour; the flowers are produced from the fide 
of the ftalks in fmall fpikes, and are in lhape and colour 
very like thofe of clinopodium. They come out at the 
end of July, but rarely produce feeds in England. Native 
of Virginia, and other parts of North America, whence 
the feeds have been fent to England. 
2. Dianthera comata, or hairy dianthera : fpikes fili¬ 
form, verticilled • the lower umbelled. Stem herbace¬ 
ous, a foot high, fomewhat branched and ereCt, angular, 
jointed, fmooth ; the joints fwelling ; flowers all directed 
one way, minute, pale blue. According to Browne, it rifes 
generally to the height of two or three feet, and is plen¬ 
tifully furniftied with {lender fubdivided branches near 
the top ; feeds two in each cell. Native of Jamaica, in 
the low lands; and there called baljam-herb. 
3. Dianthera Japonica, or Japan dianthera : peduncle 
axillary, folitary, fuftaining from two to four flowers; 
braCtes oblong, ciliate. Root annual; ftem herbaceous, 
ereCt, fix-cornered, very finely villofe, kneed, fwelling 
above the knee, but little branched, a foot in height. It 
differs from the Chinefe dianthera, which it refembles 
much, in having the flowers pedicelled, not fubfelfile ; 
the peduncles longer and folitary in the axils, not aggre¬ 
gate ; the braCtes oblong and acute only, not ovate, with 
a point almoft like a fpine; and the flowers from one 
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axil only, not from both. It differs from jufiicia fexan- 
gularis in having oblong, not wedge-fhaped, braCtes. Na¬ 
tive ot Nagafaki in Japan: flowering in Auguft. 
4. Dianthera casrulea, or blue dianthera : umbel faft. 
cicled, feflile, quite fimple. Native of Botany ifiand, 
near New Caledonia. 
$. Dianthera clavata, or clavated dianthera: panicle 
fubumbelled, compound ; peduncles dilated at the end. 
Native of the Society Iflands. 
6. Dianthera paniculata, or panicled dianthera : pani¬ 
cles axillary ; leaves lanceolate, tomentofe. This is a 
fhrub, five feet in height, with an ereCt (talk, and br£- 
chiate branches. Native of Cochin-china. 
7. Dianthera punftata, or prickly dianthera: ftem 
herbaceous; fpikes terminating; leaves lanceolate-ovate, 
acuminate; antherae awnlefs. Stem ereCt, roundifh, even, 
jointed ; joints three inches long, narrowed at the bot 
tom ; branchlets axillary, filiform, the length of the 
joints. It differs from the two next fpecies, in having 
all the braCtes fhorter than the calyx, the calyx fimple, 
the corolla white dotted with violet, and awnlefs an- 
therae. 
8. Dianthera fulcata, or furrowed dianthera : ftem 
herbaceous, grooved ; leaves cordate-ovate; fpikes ter¬ 
minating; lower anther awned. Stem ereCt, angular, 
fix-grooved, pubefeent, jointed, the internodes two or 
three inches long, and the joints fwelling. It differs 
from the preceding in its fix-grooved ftalk, cordate-ovate 
obtufe leaves, petiole the length of the leaf; flowers in 
whorls ; and corolla ftreaked with purple veins. Native 
of Arabia Felix. 
9. Dianthera flava, or yellow dianthera : fuffruticofe; 
leaves elliptic-lanceolate ; fpikes terminating ; lower an¬ 
therae awned. Stem fhrubby, roundifh, the thicknefs of 
a goofe-quill. Forfkal regarded thefe three as varieties 
of dianthera Americana ; but they differ in the form of 
the leaves, the terminating fpikes, and in having the 
lower flowers remote, not all crowded together in a fort 
of head. 
10. Dianthera debilis, or feeble dianthera : ftem fhrub¬ 
by; fpikes folitary, imbricate, axillary, and terminating; 
braCtes ovate, ciliate. This differs from the next fort in 
having grooved branches hairy backwards, feflile leaves, 
four-cornered axillary fpikes, ovate braCtes in whorls, 
and a fimple calyx. 
x 1. Dianthera violacea, or blue dianthera : ftem fhrub- 
by ; fpikes terminating, imbricate ; braCtes lanceolate, 
ciliate; flowers bicalycled. Branches powdered and vil¬ 
lofe, obfeurely quadrangular, the angles fcarcely fcored 
with a line, the internodes an inch and a half long; leaves 
oppofite, the lower oblong, the upper lanceolate, bright 
green, veinlefs, nearly the length of the internodes, on 
fhort petioles. 
12. Dianthera bicaliculata, or double-calycled dian¬ 
thera: flowers panicled, bicalycled; panicles dichoto¬ 
mous. Stem herbaceous ; according to the Supplement, 
fhrubby, angular, rough with hairs. Native of the Eaft 
Indies and Arabia Felix. It is annual, and flow’ers here 
in Auguft. Introduced in 1785 by fir Jofeph Banks, bart. 
The proper place of the laft fix is between the fecond 
and third fpecies. For other fpecies reputed to be dian¬ 
thera by fome authors, fee Justicia. 
Propagation and Culture. The firft is a plant very diffi¬ 
cult to preferve in this country ; for, although it is hardy 
enough to live here in the open air, yet it is very fubjeCt 
to rot in winter; and if it is placed under fhelter, it is 
apt to draw up weak, and foon after to decay. The 
others, being natives of the Eaft or Weft Indies, and 
other hot countries, mud be preferved in the bark-flove: 
but few of them have hitherto been introduced among us. 
DIAN'THUS, f. [Aio? Jove’s-flower, or divine 
flower; from the tine colour and odour in fome fpecies.] 
The Pink, Sweet-William, &c. In botany, a genus 
of the clafs decandria, order digynia, natural order of 
caryophyllei. The generic characters are—Calyx : pe- 
rianthium 
