792 D I A N 
rianthium cylindric, tubular, ftriated, permanent, five- 
toothed at the mouth, furrounded at the bafe with four 
fcales, of which the two oppofite are lower. .Corolla: 
petals five ; claws lengtli of the calyx, narrow, inferted 
into the receptacle ; border flat; the plates outwardly 
wider, obtufe, crenate. Stamina: filaments ten, Tubulate, 
length of the calyx, with fpreading tips; anthene oval- 
oblong, comprefl'ed, incumbent. Piftillum : germ oval; 
ftyles two, tabulate, longer than the ftamens ; ftigmas 
bent back,' acuminate. Pericarpium : capfule cylindric, 
covered, one-celled, gaping open at the top four ways. 
Seeds: a great many, comprefl'ed, roundifh; receptacle free, 
four-cornered, fhorter by half than the pericarpium. In 
fome the ftyles fcarcely exceed the length of the ftamens; 
in others they are very long, but rolled back in fuch a 
manner that the inflexion of the flower is not neceffary.— 
EJfential CharaElcr. Calyx cylindric, one-leafed, with four 
fcales at the bafe ; petals five, with claws ; capfule cy¬ 
lindric, one-celled. 
Species. I.' Flowers aggregate, i. Dianthus barbatus, 
or bearded pink, commonly called fweet-william: and 
its varieties, the caryophyllus barbatus hortenlis angufti- 
folius, or narrow-leaved fweet-william, or fweet-johns ; 
and caryophyllus barbatus fl. multiplici, or double fweet- 
william: flowers in bundles, calycine fcales ovate-fubu- 
late, equal to the tube in length; leaves lanceolate. 
The fweet-william has a perennial fufiform root. Stem 
upright, jointed, fmooth, a foot and a half high, branch¬ 
ed. Leaves foft, veined, connate, from half an inch to 
almoft an inch broad in the wideft part, bright green. 
The native country of this plant, fo common in our gar¬ 
dens, was not known to Linnaeus; Dodonaeus however, 
in 1552, mentions its being found wild in Germany, and 
profelfor Hoffman confirms this in his Germany’s Flora, 
1791. Scopoii, Allioni, and Krocker, infert it in their 
Floras; and Dr. Stokes fets it down as growing at King’s- 
Weilon, near Briftol; but it is probably not originally wild. 
This flower appears in the catalogue of Gerarde’s gar¬ 
den, in 1596, and was probably cultivated much earlier, 
being efteemed (as Gerarde exprelfes it) “for its beauty 
to deck up gardens, the bofoms of the beautiful, gar¬ 
lands and crowns for pleafure.” Parkinfon fays, that the 
yarrow-leaved kinds are called fweet-johns, and the reft 
Iweet-williams; that the broad-leaved unfpotted kinds 
are named in fome places Tolmeiners and London-tufts, 
and that the fpeckled kind is termed London-pride. The 
variations of colour are numerous, and might have been 
more fo if this fpecies had attracted the fame minute at¬ 
tention as the florifts have given to the pink and carna¬ 
tion. The double rofe fweet-william, with flowers of a 
fine deep rofe-colour, and fmelling fweet, is much va¬ 
lued, for it does not burft. The mule, or Fairchild’s 
fweet-william, is one of the narrow-leaved forts. It is 
iuppofed to have been produced from feeds of a carna¬ 
tion impregnated by a fweet-william. The flowers are 
of a brighter red than^ither of the former; their bunches 
are not quite fo large, but the flowers have an agree¬ 
able odour. 
2. Dianthus Carthufianorum, the Carthufian pink : 
flowers -fubaggregate ; calycine fcales ovate, awned, 
fhorter than the tube ; leaves linear, three-nerved. This 
differs from the foregoing fort, in having the leaves nar¬ 
rower by half, differ, and marked with three principal 
nerves, not one only, as in that. The (lent is a little 
fcabrous, not perfectly fmooth, as in the former. The 
petals are diftant, and villofe, not fmooth, on their upper 
furface. In a fertile foil there will be fifteen flowers on 
a llem, in a barren foil fewer, and fometimes only one ; 
this therefore is an intermediate fpecies between the ag¬ 
gregate and one-flowered dianthi. There are fometimes 
ieven calycine fcales. The petals are of a deep red co¬ 
lour, ovate, and five-toothed. Pollich could not obferve 
any toothlets at the throat, which Krocker (from Haller) 
calls the auricles. It is a native, of Germany, Swiffer- 
land, Carniola, Italy, Sicily, and Spain. Haller fays it 
THUS. 
is very common about Aigle; and it was gathered in 
flower on the 28th of April, 1779, at Chatelaine, near 
Geneva. With us it does not flower till July. 
3. Dianthus htrorubeus, the red pink : flowers aggre¬ 
gate ; calycine fcales ovate, awned, fhorter than the 
tube ; leaves connate, ftriated. Height from two to three 
feet. The flower has hardly any fmell. The plant is 
perennial. Native of Piedmont, in dry hilly places, by 
the fides of woods. This, which is given as a variety of 
the foregoing by Linnaeus, is certainly diftindt, in Al- 
lioni’s opinion. 
4. Dianthus ferrugineus, the rufty pink: flowers ag¬ 
gregate ; petals bifid ; fegments three-toothed. This re- 
fembles the foregoing very much, but the ftem is nar¬ 
rower, and the leaves more graffy and more keeled. It 
has the entire habit of fweet-william ; the flower-ftems 
are upright, and about a foot and a half high ; the leaves 
are fomewhat like tliofe of carnations, but of a darker 
green; the bundles of flowers are clofe ; fome of the corol¬ 
las are yellow, and others of a rufty iron colour in different 
bundles, and fometimes even in the fame bundle. The 
feafon of flowering is in July; but, when the weather 
proves cool and moift, there will be a fucceffion of flow¬ 
ers till the end of September. The roots will abide two 
or three years, but the young plants of the fecond year 
produce the greateft quantity of flowers. This fpecies 
was difcovered by Barrelier in the mountains of Abruzzo 
in Italy ; and it has been fince difcovered in Spain, whence 
Mr. Miller received the feeds, which fucceeded in the 
Chelfea garden. 
5. Dianthus Armeria, the Deptford pink: flowers in 
bundles; calycine fcales.lanceoiate, villofe, equal to the 
tube in length. Root annual; (biennial, Ray Hift.) Stems 
ere£t, a foot or a foot and a half in height, round, pube- 
fcent, roughifh, dwelling at thejoints, towards the upper 
part a branch comes forth at each joint, terminated with 
a fmall bundle of from two to four flowers. Leaves li¬ 
near-lanceolate, connate, bright green, eredt, entire, pu- 
befcent on both fides and roughifh, three-nerved, three 
inches long, and two lines broad. It flowers in July and 
Auguft. Native of Gothland, Denmark, Silelia, the Pa¬ 
latinate, and other parts of Germany; France, Svviffer- 
land, Italy, Spain, and England. From having been 
found in a meadow near Deptford by Johnfon, it obtained 
the name of Deptford pink ; it occurs in Charlton-wood, 
and other places in Kent; near Croydon, between Dork¬ 
ing and Mickleham, Dulwich, Oak-of-honour hill, Streat- 
ham, &c. in Surrey; in Norfolk; about Perfliore and 
Eckington in Worcefterfhire ; near Ketley in Shropfliire ; 
and at Clarkfon-leap, near Worcefter; near Reading in 
Berkfhire ; near Caverfham ; by the road from Harefield 
to Chalfont St. Peter’s; in a little wood near Highgate; 
and in Tuddington-field. 
6. Dianthus Japonicus, the Japan pink: flowers in 
bundles; calycine fcales acute, ciliate, fhorter than the 
tube. Stem decumbent at the bafe, then erect, round, 
even, fmooth, Ample, or very rarely divided at the top, 
a foot in height. Native of Japan. 
7. Dianthus prolifer, the proliferous pink : flowers in 
heads; calycine fcales ovate, obtufe, awnlefs, exceeding 
the tube in length. Root annual. Stem ufually fingle, 
eredt, decumbent only at the bottom, very fmooth, fwel- 
Iing at the joints, a fpan or a foot high, fometimes more. 
A pair of awl-fhaped leaves at each joint, connate, quite 
entire, bright green; fmooth. Flowers in a crowded 
head on the fummit of the ftalks, three or four together, 
furrounded by large fcaly bractes nearly hiding them ; 
they open one at a time, the uppermoft firft, riling up 
from the bradtes; when they fade, drying up and with¬ 
drawing again, fo that they are a confiderable time in 
flowering; corollas fmall, flightly bifid, not crenate, red 
or rofe-coloured, fometimes varying to white ; they ex¬ 
pand about eight in the morning, and clofe about one in 
the afternoon. Native of Denmark, Germany, France, 
Swifferland, Carniola, Italy, Sicily, Spain, England, 
With 
