798 D I A 
tcrmed whole-blowers, have now the preference. Thefe 
are generally planted in pots, and treated in the fame 
way as the large 'dowers, but do not require fo much 
trouble to blow them : all that is nccelTary to be done 
for thefe, is to fallen their Items up to flower-dicks to 
prevent their being broken, and to take off the pods 
which proceed from the tide of the (talks, leaving only 
the top bud to flower, if they are intended to be large 
and fair; and, when the flowers begin to open, if they 
are fcreened from the fun in the heat of the day, and alfo 
from wet, they wilt continue much longer in beauty. 
But, although the molt valuable of thefe flowers are 
ufually planted in pots, arid thus carefully treated, yet 
many of thefe whole-blowing'flowers may be planted in 
beds, or borders of the flower-garden, where they are 
fome of the principal ornaments during their continuance 
i;i flower, vvhich is from the beginning of July till the 
middle of Augull, efpecially if tire feveral colours are 
properly intermixed. The flowers alfo which are planted 
in the full ground, generally produce feeds better than 
thofe in pots ; but whoever propofes to raife a fupply of 
new flowers from feeds, mult always obferve to fave the 
belt of their feed ling flowers for this purpofe ; for it is 
well known, that after any of thefe flowers have been a 
few years propagated by layers, they become barren, and 
do not feed ; which is alfo the cafe with moll other 
plants which are propagated by flips, layers, or cuttings; 
fo that the young plants which have been newly obtained 
from feeds, are always the molt productive of feeds : the 
plants which are propagated by layers or flips, will al¬ 
ways continue to produce the fame flowers, fo that when 
a fine variety is obtained, it is this way propagated and 
maintained ; but all the new varieties come from feeds, 
fo that all thofe who are curious in thefe flowers, annu¬ 
ally fow their feeds. 
Carnations may alfo-be increafed by cuttings and pip¬ 
ings as pinks are, but not fo fuccefsfully in general as 
by layers, unlefs the operation is performed on a hot-bed 
under glades. The cuttings for piping Ihould have two 
joints, Ihould be thrown into water a few minutes, and 
planted not more than half an inch deep. They are to 
be gently watered, and to continue open till their leaves 
are dry before they are covered. After this, they are to 
be kept morlt till they have rooted, to have only the 
morning fun, and air is to be given them occafionally. 
But with all this care, fuccefs will at lead be uncertain ; 
or at belt, many of the cuttings will frequently perilh. 
The common pinks are propagated either by feeds, 
which is the way to obtain new varieties; or by layers, 
as is praCtifed for carnations; or by flips, or pipings, as 
they are commonly called, which, if carefully managed, 
will take root very well. If they are propagated by 
feeds, thefe may be fovvn in the fpring, and the plants 
afterwards treated in the fame manner as has been di¬ 
rected for the carnation ; with this difference only, that, 
as the pinks are lefs tender, they may be more hardily 
treated- Thofe which are propagated by layers, mull 
be alfo managed as the carnation. The old-man’s-head 
and painted-lady pinks are commonly propagated this 1 
way, but molt of the other forts are increafed from cut¬ 
tings or pipings. The time molt proper for piping will 
vary with thefeafon, but it iho ;ld always be done im¬ 
mediately before or during the bloom, or indeed as foon 
as the young Ihoots are of a fufficient length for the pur- 
pofe ; that is, to form pipings from two to three inches 
in length. The only difference between cuttings and 
pipings is, that the former are cut through a joint hori¬ 
zontally, and the latter are drawn out at the joint from 
their lockets, fo that they leave a hollow like a pipe, and. 
thence derive their name. 
15. The China pink is generally fuppofed an annual 
plant, becaufe the plants which are raifed from feeds 
flower and produce ripe feeds the fame feafon, fo their 
voots are not often preferved ; but, where they arc plant- 
D I A 
ed on a dry foil, they will continue two years, and the 
fecond year will produce a greater number of flowers 
than the firlt. There is a great variety of very rich co¬ 
lours in thefe flowers, which annually vary when raifed 
from feeds. The double flowers of this fort are molt 
elteemed, tho.ugh the colours of the fingle are more dif- 
tinCt and beautiful; for the multiplicity of petals in the 
double flowers, in a great meafure, hides the deep fhades 
which are towards the lower part of the petals. Thefe 
plants are propagated by feeds, which Ihould be fawn 
upon a gentle hot-bed about the beginning of April ; 
this moderate heat is only intended to forward the vege¬ 
tation of the feeds, therefore when the plants come up, 
they mull have a large (hare of air admitted to them, 
to prevent their drawing up weak ; and, as foon as the 
weather will permit, they mult be expofed to the open 
air; in about three weeks or a month after, the plants 
will be fit to remove ; then they Ihould be carefully 
taken up with good roots, and planted in a bed of rich 
earth, at about three inches afunder, being careful to 
lhade them from the fun till they have taken new root, 
and in dry weather they mult have water three or four 
times a-week. The farther care is to keep them clean 
from weeds till the end of May, at which time they may 
be tranfplanted to the places where they are defigned to 
remain for flowering, when they may be taken up with 
large balls of earth to their roots, fo as fcarcely to feel 
their removal, efpcciallv if it happens to rain at that time. 
As thefe plants do not grow large, fo, when they are 
planted fingly in the borders of the flower-garden, they 
do not make fo fine an appearance, as where they are 
planted by themfelves in beds ; or, if they are planted in 
fmall clumps, of fix or eight roots in each, where the 
flowers being of different colours, fet off each other to 
advantage. 
19. Dianthns fuperbus deferves a place in every curious 
garden, on account of the elegance and delicious fragrance 
of the flowers. It grows naturally in a calcareous foil,, 
and will thrive luxuriantly in a garden, if chalk be mixed 
with the common mould, but not othervvife. The other 
European forts are hardy, ealily railed from feeds, and 
cultivated with little trouble ; but the flowers being 
fmall, and in general not having much feent, they are 
little noticed, except in botanic gardens; their beauty, 
however, though loft in the fuperior blaze of pinks and 
carnations, is not inconliderable; and they are peculiarly 
ornamental on walls and rock-work, and in dry barren 
fpots, where few plants will flourifh. The Cape pink is 
the only fort which will not bear the open air in our cli¬ 
mate. The woody or fhrubby pinks are noble ornamen¬ 
tal plants, and it is to be lamented that they are loll to 
our gardens. See the article Gypsophila. 
DI ANU'CUM,y. in pharmacy, a kind of rob made of 
the juice of green walnuts and fugar boiled to the confid¬ 
ence of honey. Scott. 
DI'APASE, f. Tza.irav, Gr.] A chord including 
all tones. The old word for diapofort: 
The fweet numbers and melodious meafures. 
With which I wont the winged words to tie, 
And make a tuneful diapafe of pleafures, 
Now being let to run at liberty. Spenfer. 
DIAPAS'M A, f. [diapafme , Fr. diapafma, Ital. of c,a- 
Tracro-(o, Gr. to fprinkle.] A pomade or perfume, a com- 
pofition of powders, with which the ancients ufed to dry 
their bodies at coming out of the baths. A compofition 
of powders, to be fprinkled upon clothes to perfume- 
them, or upon wounds, ulcers, &c. 
DIAPA'SON,/! [Fr. Ital. and Lat..ofAas, through, 
and tcoco-uv, Gr. all.] Diapafon denotes a chord which 
includes all tones: it is the fame with that we call an 
eighth, or an octave ; becaufe there are but feven tones 
or notes, and then the eighth is the fame again with the 
fird. Harris. See the article Music. 
From 
